Consumption dietary sources of lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin among young adults living in megapolis

Carotenoids are natural antioxidants, affecting apoptosis, absorbing active forms of oxygen, and improving visual performance through their blue light filtering capabilities. Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoids of the macular pigment that play a significant role in protecting against age-related macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, and diabetic retinopathy. We analyzed the dietary sources of lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin of young adults living in a megapolis. We analyzed 431 food frequency questionnaires and used two different criteria for comparison: age (groups A1 and A2) and season (groups S1, spring, and S2, autumn). Raw red tomatoes and eggs are the main sources of carotenoids for the majority of respondents regardless of age and season. Significant differences between age groups were found for parsley, carrot, cheeseburger, and spring onion. Foods with high levels of carotenoids (tomato juice, pumpkin, spinach, and sprouts) were absent in the diets of most of the study participants. Watermelons and persimmons are seasonal sources of lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin. Dietary sources of carotenoids are present in insufficient quantities in the diets. Foods with high levels of lycopene, lutein, and zeaxanthin are absent or only occasionally included in the diet.

PENGARUH JENIS KEMASAN TERHADAP MASA SIMPAN BAWANG DAUN

ABSTRACTThe Spring onion (Allium fistulosum L) is one of the vegetables that deserve intensive development, since it has high economic value and in Indonesia it is used as both a mainstay and a highly popular mix of food. The notable physical change of the leaf during the storage process is the change in leaf color, elegance, decay, and stupobility. Product destruction affects a degree of freshness during distribution because it cannot last long, so proper postposte treatment is required to reduce the rate of respiration of the spring onion after the harvest and other factors that can cause decline in quality. This study is aimed at figuring out the effect that packaging has on storing leeks and knowing the correct packaging for storing leeks. The method used was the heavy shrink measurement, the color and texture of the leaf. The experimental used was a Random design complete (RAL) design with 4 such treatments as unpacked treatment, kraft paper packaging, kitchen tissues and plastic wrap each 3 times the test. The spring onion is heavy with an average of 32.50% non-packaged treatment, paper kraft 45.61%, kitchen tissue 37.54% and plastic wrap 48.38%. A relatively small or slow change in color and texture change is the packing treatment used as a plastic wrap. Based on research conducted, it could be concluded that packaging has had a tangible effect on the storing of Spring onion. Wrap a plastic wrap that can extend the leeks' saving period, since Spring onion packed in plastic wrap shrinkage are relatively small, the color of the leaf and the texture of the bar do not easily wither and decay.Keywords: Spring onion, Packaging, Storage Period

Occurrences and AntibiogramPattern of Listeria monocytogenes in Vegetables Sold withinSokotoMetropolis, Nigeria

Listeriosisranks third in mortality among food-borne bacterial pathogens. The evaluation of antibiogram of Listeria monocytogenes in 5 different areas within Sokoto metropolis was performed in the study. A total of 50 (fifty) samples from cabbage, spring onion, tomatoes, lettuce, and salad samples were obtained from different locations within the metropolis. The isolation was performed using Listeria selective media base incorporated with Listeria selective Supplement. Identification and confirmation of Listeria and other bacteria were performed using biochemical characterization. Antibacterial sensitivity test was performed using 8 (eight) different antibiotics namely Norfloxacin, Ceftazaime, Cefuroxine, Erythromycin, Ofloxacin, Augmentin, Cloxillicin and Gentamycin. Result of the studies demonstrated that Listeria monocytogeneswas present in all the vegetables sold within the selected areas of Sokoto metropolis. Listeria monocytogenes was resistant to 6 of the 8 antibiotics used, these are Norflaxcin, Augmentin, Cefuroxine, Ceftazaime, Gentamycin and Cloxicillin. In conclusion, Listeria monocytogenes is present in vegetable sold within the selected areas of study. Listeria monocytogenes were resistant to multiple antibiotics commonly administered during listeriosis management. The implication of multi-drug resistance is that Listeriosis will be problematic to treat. The implications of these findings are herein discussed.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN USAHA TANI BAWANG DAUN (Allium fistulosum L) (STUDI KASUS DI KECAMATAN BERGAS KABUPATEN SEMARANG)

Spring onion was a type of food plant that has long been known and cultivated in developing countries. Bergas District, Semarang Regency, has an area that makes scallions a leading agricultural sector. This study aimed to determine the factors that affect the income of leek farming. The method of determining the location used was purposive with simple random sampling for Collecting samples. Data analysis using OLS with the Cobb Douglas function. The results showed that the factors of land area, labor, seeds, and manure had a significant effect on the income of leek farmers. More efforts are needed to innovate and have the courage to cultivate leeks not only with an intercropping system so that income from farming can be higher.

Evaluation of Genetic Diversity of Spring Onions (Allium fistulosum) Based on DNA Markers

The Alliaecae family is a widely cultivated vegetable family in Nigeria, with nutritional, culinary and medicinal usefulness. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity using SSR and ISSR markers among ten (10) cultivars of spring onions. This study was carried out using one (1) SSR marker and three (3) ISSR markers. In this study, the genetic diversity among the cultivars were revealed. The four markers produced a total of 26 polymorphic alleles with PIC values of 0.7481, 0.6402, 0.675 and 0.7569 for ISSR 879, ISSR 866, ISSR 881 and SSR 62. The UPGMA dendrogram revealed that the ten spring onion cultivars could be divided into two main groups. The subgroup SPO06 and SPO04 showed no genetic distance among them revealing that there is a very close relationship and in total agreement with the factorial analysis. This study has revealed the efficiency of SSR and ISSR markers to estimate the extent of genetic variation of spring onion cultivars and will be a contribution for the conservation and management of Allium species.