scholarly journals Short-Term Eating Preference of Beef Cattle Fed High Forage or High Grain Diets Supplemented with 3-Nitrooxypropanol

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanhee Lee ◽  
Seon-Ho Kim ◽  
Karen Beauchemin ◽  
Pietro Celi ◽  
Stéphane Duval
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
High Forage

Two experiments were conducted to examine eating preference of beef cattle for diets with or without the investigative enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP). Nine beef steers were housed in individual stalls, each equipped with two feed bunks. The first experiment (Exp. 1) was conducted with a high forage diet and each animal received a diet without 3-NOP (CON) in one bunk and a diet with 3-NOP (dNOP) in the other bunk. The second study (Exp. 2) was conducted with the same animals about 6 months after Exp. 1 where a high grain diet without (CON) or with 3-NOP (dNOP) was offered. In Exp. 1, animals initially preferred CON compared with dNOP. Feed consumption from 0 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 12 h after feeding was lower for dNOP compared with CON. However, dry matter intake (DMI) and feed consumption of dNOP gradually increased during Exp. 1 such that there was no preference between CON and dNOP on day 7. In Exp. 2, there was no preference for or against dNOP. Average DMI was greater for dNOP vs. CON, but interactions between diet and day for DMI and feed consumption rates indicated that daily preference between CON and dNOP was variable. In conclusion, beef steers initially detected a difference between CON and dNOP and selected in favor of CON rather than dNOP when they had not previously been exposed to 3-NOP. However, the animals rapidly acclimatized to a diet with 3-NOP (Exp. 1) and showed no eating preference between CON and dNOP within 7 days. This lack of preference was maintained throughout Exp. 2 when the same animals were fed a high grain diet.

Effect of Forage:Concentrate Ratios in the diet and Intake Restriction on the Rumen Fermentation and Hormone Profiles of Finishing Beef Steers.

1994 ◽  
Vol 1994 ◽  
pp. 69-69
Author(s):  
C.L. Thorp ◽  
R.W.J. Steen ◽  
A.R.G. Wylie ◽  
J.D. McEvoy ◽  
C. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Reducing Energy

Studies have shown that reducing energy intake by restricting dry matter intake (DMI) at a constant forage: concentrate (F:C) ratio is more effective at increasing carcass lean and reducing carcass fat content than is reducing energy intake by increasing the F:C ratio (1). Research at this Institute has also shown that, per megajoule of digestible energy (DE), diets restricted in this manner are 45 % more efficient at producing carcass lean.The mechanism by which these methods of restriction result in these differences in carcass composition has previously been assumed to be that of rumen fermentation. More recently however, the significance of rumen fermentation in controlling the carcass composition of beef cattle has been questioned (2,3).The aim of this experiment was to examine the effect of decreasing the F:C ratio, at constant DE and DMI, on both rumen and endocrinological parameters, in particular the hormones insulin and insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), in finishing beef steers.

EFFECT OF THE FEED ADDITIVES CHLORTETRACYCLINE, MONENSIN AND LASALOCID ON FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE OF FINISHING CATTLE, LIVER LESIONS AND TISSUE LEVELS OF CHLORTETRACYCLINE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. BEACOM ◽  
G. O. KORSRUD ◽  
W. D. G. YATES ◽  
J. D. MacNEIL ◽  
Z. MIR
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Liver Lesions ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Forage Diets

Charolais-sired, three way cross steers and heifers (n = 209) were fed ground high-forage diets for 56 d and then were finished on rolled grain based diets. Both diets were supplemented with chlortetracycline (CTC), monensin (MON) or lasalocid (LAS). Cattle fed the high-forage diets supplemented with MON or CTC gained faster (P < 0.05) than those fed an unsupplemented (CON) diet. Dry matter intake was also increased (P < 0.05) by CTC over animals fed the CON diet. Feed efficiency was not affected by CTC but was improved over CON by supplementation with MON or LAS. During the high-concentrate feeding period, inclusion of feed additives did not significantly improve average daily gain or dry matter intake when compared with CON. Of the carcass characteristics, only carcass weight was greater (P < 0.05) and only with CTC supplementation. Monensin and LAS inclusion significantly decreased the acetic to propionic acid ratio in rumen contents. There was no evidence that the incidence of liver lesions differed among the treatments. Analyses of liver, muscle and kidney samples from 61 animals fed CTC and 14 animals fed the CON diet produced no repeatably detectable traces of CTC. Averaged across sex and weight group, returns to labor per animal were $25.83, $61.46, $48.52 and $41.10 for the CON, CTC, MON and LAS treatments, respectively. Key words: Chlortetracycline, monensin, lasalocid, beef steers, heifers, tissue residue

COMPARISON OF SILAGES FROM DENSELY SEEDED AND CONVENTIONALLY SEEDED CORN FOR BEEF STEERS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. NICHOLSON ◽  
G. BELANGER ◽  
P. L. BURGESS
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Productivity Loss ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Vitamin Supplement ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Corn for silage was planted at two seeding rates (60 000 and 200 000 kernels ha−1) in three consecutive years and evaluated by determining yields, digestibility by sheep and performance of growing-fattening beef cattle fed the ensiled crops. Plant populations at harvest ranged over years from 53 000 to 63 000 plants ha−1 for conventional seeding and from 94 000 to 151 000 plants ha−1 for the dense seeding rate. Dense seeding increased whole-plant dry matter yield each year. Only in 1 year (1979) did dense seeding reduce the yield of dry matter in the whole ear or grain (P < 0.01). In the same crop year (1979) dense seeding reduced the dry matter and crude protein contents of the silage (P < 0.01) and the digestibilities by sheep of the dry matter and nitrogen were lower (P < 0.01) than for the conventionally seeded crop. In 2 years (1978 and 1979), when the silages were fed ad libitum with only a protein-mineral-vitamin supplement, the daily silage dry matter intake by beef cattle was lower (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) and in 1979 the average daily gain (1.06 vs. 1.14 kg d−1) was lower (P < 0.01) with silage from the dense seeding. There were no significant differences in beef performance parameters (silage dry matter intake, daily gain, and efficiency of silage conversion to daily gain) in the third year when the silages were fed with ground barley. Dense seeding of corn for silage resulted in more beef production per hectare and provides a means of reducing productivity loss due to birds feeding on the ripening ears of corn. Key words: Corn, silage, beef, dense seeding, seeding rate

scholarly journals 335 Metabolizable protein requirement of lightweight beef calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 136-136
Author(s):  
Miles D Redden ◽  
Daniel W Shike ◽  
Joshua C McCann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Nutrient Requirements ◽  
Protein Requirement ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Metabolizable Protein ◽  
Body Weights

Abstract The objective was to assess the metabolizable protein (MP) requirements of lightweight beef steers. The 2016 Beef Cattle Nutrient Requirements Model (BCNRM) prediction of MP requirements in lightweight beef steers (less than 250 kg) is limited by available performance data in beef calves. Fall born Angus × Simmental crossbred steers (n = 172; BW = 153 kg) were weaned at 70 d of age (± 26 d), backgrounded 73 d, implanted with Component TE-IS, blocked by BW as light (96–163 kg) or heavy (163–215 kg), and assigned to one of four treatments for 56 d. Treatment diets provided MP at: 0.59 (MP1), 0.69 (MP2), 0.85 (MP3), and 0.91 kg per d (MP4) based on observed DMI. Energy was similar across all treatments at 2.14 Mcal/kg ME. Shrunk body weights were collected on d 0 and 56 to estimate performance. Dry matter intake was affected (P < 0.01) by treatment and increased (linear; P < 0.01) with greater provision of MP. As a percent of shrunk body weight, DMI averaged 2.8% and tended (linear; P = 0.07) to increase with MP. Based on observed DMI, ADG for MP1, MP2, MP3, and MP4 was predicted using the BCNRM at 1.15, 1.55, 1.99, and 1.98 kg, respectively. Observed ADG increased quadratically (P = 0.01) with MP1, MP2, MP3, and MP4 gaining 1.86, 2.13, 2.3, and 2.3 kg, respectively. Final BW increased (quadratic; P = 0.02) with greater MP as MP1, MP2, MP3, and MP4 were 258, 273, 282, and 284 kg, respectively. Gain:feed increased quadratically (P = 0.04) with observed values for MP1, MP2, MP3, and MP4 being 0.323, 0.357, 0.359, and 0.360, respectively. Steer ADG response exceeded BCNRM predictions by 29%. Data suggest MP requirements of lightweight beef steers (BW = 213 kg) are 0.85 kg per d to achieve 2.3 kg ADG when fed a 2.14 Mcal/kg ME diet.

scholarly journals 169 Investigating relationships between weather variables and dry matter intake of beef cattle in feedlot

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 124-125
Author(s):  
Arthur Francisco Araujo Fernandes ◽  
Joao R Dorea ◽  
Thais B Amaral ◽  
Guilherme J M Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Uv Index ◽  
Animal Growth

Abstract Currently, the amount of feed delivered daily in feedlots is based on the previous day’s consumption and the estimated animal growth. Nevertheless, factors such as weather variables may influence feed consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of weather on dry matter intake (DMI) in beef cattle finished in a commercial feedlot facility in South America. A total of 8.388 animals (Nellore and crossbreed Nellore x Angus) divided across 55 pens were evaluated from July 2018 to April 2019. The animals entered the feedlots with average body weight (BW) of 337 ± 28 kg and had a harvest BW of 517 ± 33 kg, with an average of 125 ± 25 days in feedlot. Daily feed consumption in each pen was estimated by subtracting any morning leftover feed from the total feed amount delivered on the previous day. Data on 16 weather variables for the farm location (latitude and longitude) was acquired using the Dark Sky API and processed in R. The weather variables were clustered via hierarchical cluster into groups given by: G1) humidity, cloud cover, and precipitation; G2) dew point, temperature (max, min, apparent max and apparent min), and day length; G3) atmospheric ozone and pressure; G4) UV index and visibility; G5) wind speed and gust; and G6) moon phase. Variables in G3 were positively correlated with DMI, while G2 and G4 presented negative correlations. The most important correlations were for day length (r = -0.74, P &lt; 0.01), apparent max temperature (r = -0.65, P &lt; 0.05), dew point (r = -0.65, P &lt; 0.05), ozone (r = 0.62,P &lt; 0.05), and pressure (r = 0.61, P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, several weather variables presented potential as candidate for the development of predictive models of DMI of beef cattle in feedlots.

Optimal dose of 3-nitrooxypropanol for decreasing enteric methane emissions from beef cattle fed high-forage and high-grain diets

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Vyas ◽  
S. M. McGinn ◽  
S. M. Duval ◽  
M. K. Kindermann ◽  
K. A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
High Forage

The objective of the present study was to determine the dose response of the methane (CH4) inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (NOP) on enteric CH4 production and dry matter intake (DMI) for beef cattle fed a high-forage or high-grain diet. Fifteen crossbred yearling steers were used in two consecutive studies (high-forage backgrounding, high-grain finishing), each designed as an incomplete block with two 28-day periods with a 7-day washout in between and treatments corresponding to six doses of NOP (0 (Control), 50, 75, 100, 150, 200 mg/kg DM). The NOP was provided in the ration daily with the dose increased gradually over the first 10 days of each period. No treatment effects were observed on overall DMI or DMI of cattle when they were in the chambers either for the high-forage (P ≥ 0.54) or high-grain (P ≥ 0.26) diet. With the high-forage diet, NOP supplementation lowered total CH4 emissions (g/day) (P = 0.05), with the response at 200 mg NOP/kg DM different from Control (P < 0.05). Similarly, CH4 emissions corrected for DMI (g/kg DMI) and as a percentage of gross energy intake were linearly reduced in the high-forage diet with supplemental NOP (P < 0.01) and responses observed at 100, 150 and 200 mg NOP/kg DM differed from Control (P < 0.05). For the high-grain diet, total CH4 emissions decreased with incremental increases in the concentration of NOP supplemented (P = 0.04) and responses observed at 150 and 200 mg/kg DM differed from Control. Similarly, linear responses were observed with CH4 emissions corrected for DMI (P = 0.04) and gross energy intake (P = 0.02), with 100–200 mg NOP/kg DM differing from Control. Overall, results from the present study demonstrated that for beef cattle fed high-forage and high-grain diets, supplementation of 100–200 mg NOP/kg DM lowered enteric CH4 emissions without inducing any negative effects on DMI.

scholarly journals Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol on enteric methane production, rumen fermentation, and feeding behavior in beef cattle fed a high-forage or high-grain diet1

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (7) ◽  
pp. 2687-2699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seon-Ho Kim ◽  
Chanhee Lee ◽  
Heather A Pechtl ◽  
Jade M Hettick ◽  
Magnus R Campler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Feeding Behavior ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
High Forage

AbstractThe objective of the study was to determine whether feeding a diet supplemented with 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) affects feeding behavior altering intake and rumen fermentation. Two experiments were conducted with 9 rumen-cannulated beef steers in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design where animals received a high-forage or high-grain diet. Treatments were 1) a basal diet (CON), the CON diet supplemented with 3-NOP (dNOP; 100 mg/kg in dietary DM or 1 g/d), or the CON diet with 3-NOP (1 g/d) infused into the rumen (infNOP). Each experimental period consisted of 14-d diet adaptation and 7-d sample collection. A 7-d washout period was provided between experiment periods. All data were analyzed as a Latin square design using Mixed Procedure of SAS. In Exp. 1 (high-forage diet), methane yield (measured by the Greenfeed system) was lowered by 18% (18.6 vs. 22.7 g/kg DMI; P < 0.01) by dNOP compared with CON. Rumen fermentation was altered similarly by both NOP treatments compared with CON where dNOP and infNOP increased (P < 0.01) rumen pH at 3 h and decreased (P < 0.01) proportion of acetate in total VFA. However, DMI, feed consumption rate (0 to 3, 3 to 6, 6 to 12, and 12 to 24 h after feeding), particle size distribution of orts, and feeding behavior (videotaped for individual animals over 48 h) were not affected by dNOP and infNOP compared with CON. In Exp. 2 (high-grain diet), methane production was not affected by dNOP or infNOP compared with CON. Dry matter intake, feed consumption rate, particle size distribution of orts, and feeding behavior were not altered by dNOP and infNOP compared with CON. However, both dNOP and infNOP affected rumen fermentation where total VFA decreased (P = 0.04) and acetate proportion in total VFA tended to decrease (P = 0.07) compared with CON. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 3-NOP did not affect feeding behavior of beef steers fed a high-forage or high-grain diet. However, rumen fermentation was similarly changed when 3-NOP was provided in the diet or directly infused in the rumen. Thus, observed changes in rumen fermentation with 3-NOP were not due to changes in feeding behavior indicating no effects on the organoleptic property of the diets. In addition, according to small or no changes in DMI in both experiments and relatively small changes in rumen fermentation in Exp. 2, a greater dosage level of 3-NOP than 100 mg/kg (dietary DM) may need further examination of its effects on feeding behavior of beef cattle.

245 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Mitigation Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 195-196
Author(s):  
Ermias Kebreab ◽  
Mallory Honan ◽  
Breanna Roque ◽  
Juan Tricarico
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Emissions Mitigation ◽  
Enteric Methane ◽  
Enteric Methane Emissions

Abstract Livestock production contributed 3.9% to the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from the US in 2018. Most studies to mitigate GHG from livestock are focused on enteric methane because it contributes about 70% of all livestock GHG emissions. Mitigation options can be broadly categorized into dietary and rumen manipulation. Enteric methane emissions are strongly correlated to dry matter intake and somewhat sensitive to diet composition. Dietary manipulation methods include increasing feed digestibility, such as concentrate to forage ratio, or increasing fats and oils, which are associated with lower methane emissions. These reduce digestible fiber that are positively related to methane production and more energy passing the rumen without being degraded, respectively. Rumen manipulation through feed additives can be further classified based on the mode of action: 1. rumen environment modifiers indirectly affecting emissions and 2. direct methanogenesis inhibitors. The rumen environment modifiers act on the conditions that promote methanogenesis. These include ionophores, plant bioactive compounds such as essential oils and tannins, and nitrate rich feeds that serve as alternative hydrogen sinks and directly compete with methanogens thereby reducing methane emissions. The inhibitor category include 3-nitroxypropanol and seaweeds containing halogenated compounds. The former was reported to reduce enteric methane emissions (g/d) by 39% in dairy and 22% in beef cattle. Seaweed, in particular Asparagopsis spp., reduced emissions intensity (g/kg milk) by up to 67% in dairy and emissions yield (g/kg dry matter intake) by up to 98% in beef cattle. Because inhibitors are structural analogs of methane, their mode of action is through competitive inhibition of the methyl transfer reaction catalyzed by methyl coenzyme-M reductase, the last enzyme in methanogenesis. The combination of dietary and rumen manipulation options, including feed additives, is expected to reduce enteric methane emissions by over 30% in the next decade without compromising animal productivity and health.

scholarly journals Effects of voluntary removal of ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx) on live performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Rincker ◽  
J B Allen ◽  
M Edmonds ◽  
M S Brown ◽  
J C Kube
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Live Performance ◽  
Meet Residue ◽  
Ractopamine Hydrochloride ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Linear Manner

Abstract There is a lack of consistency across the globe in how countries establish tissue ractopamine residue limits and which residue limits are applied to various tissues, particularly for edible noncarcass tissues. Therefore, some US beef slaughter organizations have recommended a 48-h voluntary removal of ractopamine before slaughter in order to meet residue requirements of specific export countries and maintain international trade. Our objective was to assess the impact of voluntary removal of ractopamine hydrochloride (Optaflexx®; Elanco, Greenfield, IN) up to 8 d before slaughter on growth performance and carcass characteristics. Crossbred beef steers (60 pens of 10 animals/pen) with an initial shrunk body weight (BW) of 611.8 ± 10 kg SEM were fed one of six treatments over 42 d. Treatments included a control that did not receive ractopamine, on-label use of ractopamine (0-d withdrawal), and 2, 4, 6, or 8 d of voluntary removal of ractopamine from feed before slaughter. The start of ractopamine feeding (30.1 mg/kg of diet dry matter for 32 d) was staggered so that blocks could be slaughtered on the same day. Dry matter intake was decreased by 0.5 kg/d when ractopamine was fed with a 0-d withdrawal (P = 0.04) compared to the control, but was not altered (P = 0.56) as the duration of ractopamine removal increased from 0 to 8 d. Final BW, total BW gain, and average daily BW gain were increased by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal (P = 0.09) compared to the control, but these variables decreased in a linear manner (P = 0.10) as the duration of removal increased from 0 to 8 d. Gain efficiency was improved by 15% (P &lt; 0.01) by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal compared to the control, and gain efficiency decreased linearly (P = 0.06) as the duration of ractopamine removal increased. Approximately 2/3 of the increase in gain efficiency remained after 8 d of removal. Hot carcass weight was increased by 6 kg (P = 0.02) by feeding ractopamine with a 0-d withdrawal compared to the control. Measured carcass characteristics were not altered by ractopamine feeding or by removal before slaughter (P ≥ 0.24). The consequences of voluntary removal of ractopamine up to 8 d before slaughter were a linear decrease in live BW gain (0.64 kg/d), poorer gain efficiency, and numerically lighter carcass weight.

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