scholarly journals Genetic Differentiation of the Two Types of Polish Cold-blooded Horses Included in the National Conservation Program

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 542
Author(s):  
Artur Gurgul ◽  
Igor Jasielczuk ◽  
Ewelina Semik-Gurgul ◽  
Klaudia Pawlina-Tyszko ◽  
Tomasz Szmatoła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Horse Population ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Conservation Program ◽  
Conservation Breeding

The current role of the horse as a companion animal resulted in a decrease of interest in breeding and usage of draft horses. This meant that the population of cold-blooded horses in Poland has been dramatically reduced during the last decades. To avoid impoverishment of the gene pool of the local horse population, a conservation program was established which involves draft horses and other local horse breeds. The draft horses bred in Poland can be subdivided in a few horse types of which the most widespread and consolidated are Sztumski and Sokólski horses. These two subpopulations are phenotypically diversified, however, the overall level of their genetic differentiation seems to be relatively low and not precisely determined, especially with the use of molecular markers. In reference to this, in this study we used Illumina genotyping arrays to describe in detail the genetic differentiation of these two cold-blooded horse populations. We describe the genetic distance between them, as well as within-population variation, admixture patterns, and level of relatedness within populations. We also made an attempt to detect genome regions divergently selected between those horses by the detection of diversifying selection signals. The results of this study provide initial evidence supporting breeding decisions that were made during conservation breeding program design and answer questions raised by the breeders of Sokólski and Sztumski horses concerning the level of their genetic variation and differentiation.

scholarly journals Genetic differentiation in Pinus brutia Ten. using molecular markers and quantitative traits: the role of altitude

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Kurt ◽  
Santiago C. González-Martínez ◽  
Ricardo Alía ◽  
Kani Isik
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Pinus Brutia

scholarly journals The role of genetic diversity in the evolution and maintenance of environmentally-cued, male alternative reproductive tactics

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Stewart ◽  
R Draaijer ◽  
MR Kolasa ◽  
IM Smallegange
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Alternative Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Reproductive Tactics ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Face ◽  
Bulb Mite

AbstractBackgroundAlternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) are taxonomically pervasive strategies adopted by individuals to maximize reproductive success within populations. Even for conditionally-dependent traits, consensus postulates most ARTs involve both genetic and environmental interactions (GEIs), but to date, quantifying genetic variation underlying the threshold disposing an individual to switch phenotypes in response to an environmental cue has been a difficult undertaking. Our study aims to investigate the origins and maintenance of ARTs within environmentally disparate populations of the microscopic bulb mite, Rhizoglyphus robini, that express ‘fighter’ and ‘scrambler’ male morphs mediated by a complex combination of environmental and genetic factors.ResultsUsing never-before-published individual genetic profiling, we found all individuals across populations are highly inbred with the exception of scrambler males in stressed environments. In fact within the poor environment, scrambler males and females showed no significant difference in genetic differentiation (Fst) compared to all other comparisons, and although fighters were highly divergent from the rest of the population in both poor or rich environments (e.g., Fst, STRUCTURE), fighters demonstrated approximately three times less genetic divergence from the population in poor environments. AMOVA analyses further corroborated significant genetic differentiation across subpopulations, between morphs and sexes, and among subpopulations within each environment.ConclusionOur study provides new insights into the origin of ARTs in the bulb mite, highlighting the importance of GEIs: genetic correlations, epistatic interactions, and sex-specific inbreeding depression across environmental stressors. Asymmetric reproductive output, coupled with the purging of highly inbred individuals during environmental oscillations, also facilitates genetic variation within populations, despite evidence for strong directional selection. This cryptic genetic variation also conceivably facilitates stable population persistence even in the face of spatially or temporally unstable environmental challenges. Ultimately, understanding the genetic context that maintains thresholds, even for conditionally-dependent ARTs, will enhance our understanding of within population variation and our ability to predict responses to selection.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity among Isolates of Phytophthora sojae in Anhui Province of China based on ISSR-PCR Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Liu ◽  
Ping Li ◽  
Jiulong Hu ◽  
Kunyuan Li ◽  
Zhenyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Spatial Distance ◽  
Similarity Coefficients

To explore genetic differentiation and the genetic relationships of Phytophthora sojae in Anhui Province, the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique was used to analyze the genetic diversity of P. sojae. One hundred and sixty ISSR fragments were observed, including 129 (80.6%) polymorphic bands. This suggested that abundant genetic diversity existed among P. sojae in Anhui Province. The pairwise genetic similarity coefficients among the 62 strains ranged from 0.72 to 0.96, with a mean value of 0.85, indicating that there was a high level of genetic variation. Phytophthora sojae strains were divided into five clusters based on neighbor-joining (NJ) analysis, and the clustering was not related to geographic source, according to Mantel’s test (r = 0.3938). In addition, the clustering of strains from the same geographical source had little relationship to the year of collection. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that 16.65% of the genetic variation was derived from the collection area and 83.35% of the genetic variation was within-population variation. The genetic flow between different geographical sources ranged from 0.623 to 2.773, with a mean of 1.325, suggesting that gene exchange was frequent. Genetic distance and the genetic differentiation coefficient were not related to spatial distance.

scholarly journals Microgeographic genetic variation in the apple maggot rhagoletis pomonella.

Genetics ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-451
Author(s):  
B A McPheron ◽  
D C Smith ◽  
S H Berlocher
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Small Spatial Scale ◽  
Apple Maggot Fly ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation ◽  
Future Work

Abstract We examined electrophoretic variability at five enzyme loci in the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella, on a microgeographic scale. Treating flies from individual hawthorn trees as separate populations, we estimated F(ST) values from allele frequencies. The results indicate that there is significant allele frequency heterogeneity among fly populations over a small spatial scale at some loci but not at others. This variation among loci in degree of differentiation is itself statistically significant, casting doubt on the role of genetic drift in maintaining the heterogeneity. There is also heterogeneity between years in flies from a given tree. These data provide a baseline with which future work on genetic differentiation among apple maggot populations associated with different species of host plants may be compared.

scholarly journals GENETIC VARIATION AND THE ECOLOGICAL PARAMETER "FOOD MEDIUM" IN CAGE POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alahiotis
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Ecological Factor ◽  
Common Gene ◽  
Enzyme Loci ◽  
Ecological Parameter ◽  
Food Medium

Impressive effects of the ecological factor "food medium" upon the frequencies of the lethal-bearing second chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster were found in cage populations originated from a common gene pool. Allozyme frequencies for two second enzyme loci were also determined. The lethal frequencies found were higher when the environment was restrictive than when it was favorable. Moreover, the lethal frequencies were higher in populations of smaller size than in those of greater. The role of the lethal genetic variants in the structure of populations is discussed.

Genetic diversity and evolution of Brassica genetic resources: from morphology to novel genomic technologies – a review

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. El-Esawi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Species Identity ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Breeding Programmes

AbstractBrassica species have an economic and medicinal importance. Estimation of the amount and distribution of genetic diversity within Brassica species is essential for establishing efficient management, conservation and breeding practices. This review discusses the taxonomy, gene pool, and Brassica-derived phytochemicals and their nutraceutical importance. It also surveys the recently advanced studies of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic studies of Brassica species at the level of morphological, cytological, biochemical and molecular markers that have proven to be useful for evaluating the genetic variation, taxonomic relationships and species identity, and could be useful for improving Brassica crops through future promising breeding programmes.

scholarly journals INDUCTION OF GENE POOL DIFFERENTIATION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alahiotis ◽  
M. Pelecanos
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Environmental Factor ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Selective Effect ◽  
Ecological Parameter ◽  
Food Medium ◽  
Large Groups

The selective effect of the ecological parameter "food medium" upon the gene pool of Drosophila melanogaster was investigated in nine cage populations by estimating the allozyme frequencies of the a-Gpdh and Adh loci. The differentiation observed was found to depend dramatically upon the action of the above mentioned environmental factor. Small differences may be mainly attributed to the effect of the differing genetic backgrounds of each gene pool. When the environment was restrictive, a dramatic gene pool differentiation was observed. A discussion is provided bearing upon the observed induction of a process which involves large groups of coadapted genes upon which selection actually acts. Furthermore, the role of nutrition, and especially yeast, was found to have a profound effect upon the observed genetic differentiation of the gene pool of D. melanogaster.

The Current Role of Ethics in Industrial- Organizational Psychology

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Saltzman ◽  
Eric Brasher ◽  
Frank Guglielmo ◽  
Joel M. Lefkowitz ◽  
Walter Reichman
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Psychology ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Industrial Organizational Psychology

The current role of gemcitabine in ovarian cancer

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (2D) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
Robert F. Ozols
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Current Role

Genetic background of cholesterol absorption efficacy. The role of Niemann–Pick C1-like 1 receptor and its genetic variation in lipid metabolism

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (34) ◽  
pp. 1376-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariann Harangi ◽  
István Balogh ◽  
János Harangi ◽  
György Paragh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Niemann Pick

A Niemann–Pick C1-like-1 egy szterolfelismerő domént tartalmazó membránfehérje, amelyet nagy számban expresszálnak csúcsi felszínükön a bélhámsejtek. Az utóbbi évek vizsgálatai azt igazolták, hogy ez a fehérje szükséges a szabad koleszterin bejutásához a bélhámsejtekbe a bél lumenéből. Biokémiai vizsgálatok azt igazolták, hogy a Niemann–Pick C1-like-1-hez kötődik az ezetimib, amely egy hatékony koleszterinfelszívódást gátló szer. A bélből történő koleszterinfelszívódás ütemében és az ezetimibkezelés hatékonyságában tapasztalt egyéni eltérések hátterében felmerült néhány Niemann–Pick C1-like-1 génvariáció oki szerepe.

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