scholarly journals Additivity of Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility in Diets Containing Corn, Soybean Meal, and Corn Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles for Male Broilers

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Hyun An ◽  
Jung Yeol Sung ◽  
Hwan-Ku Kang ◽  
Changsu Kong
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Corn Distillers

The aim was to test additivity of apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AAs) in mixed diets for Ross 308 broiler chickens. Two hundred and eighty-eight, 20-d-old male broiler chickens were assigned to one of six diets, with six birds per cage using a randomized complete block design. The diets consisted of a nitrogen-free diet, three diets containing corn, soybean meal (SBM), and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (CDDGS) as the sole source of nitrogen, respectively, and two mixed diets containing corn, SBM or CDDGS. Chromic oxide was added to the diets as an indigestible index. On day 24, birds were euthanized for ileal digesta collection. Relative proportion of the basal endogenous loss of AAs to total ileal outflow of AAs in corn was greater (p < 0.05) than that of SBM and CDDGS. For the corn-SBM and corn-SBM-CDDGS mixed diets, the AID of AAs differed (p < 0.05) from the predicted values. No difference was observed between the measured and predicted SID of AA. In conclusion, the SID of AAs is more additive in mixed diets containing corn, SBM, or CDDGS compared to AID values.

scholarly journals 170 Energy values and digestibility of amino acids in dried yeast and soybean meal fed to pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Ayodeji S Aderibigbe ◽  
Gary Hayen ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Blocking Factors

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in dried yeast (DY) and soybean meal (SBM) fed to pigs. In Exp. 1, 30 barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 20.7 ± 1.01 were assigned to 5 diets in a randomized complete block design with period and BW as blocking factors. A basal diet was prepared to contain corn, canola meal, and soybean oil as energy-contributing ingredients. Four additional diets were prepared by adding 5 or 10 g/kg DY or SBM at the expense of energy-contributing ingredients in the basal diet to estimate the DE and ME in test ingredients by regression analysis. On a dry matter basis, estimated DE and ME in DY were 4,022 and 3,352 kcal/kg, respectively, and those in SBM were 3,876 and 3,601kcal/kg, respectively. There was no difference in estimated DE or ME between DY and SBM. In Exp. 2, 21 barrows (initial BW = 20.0 ± 1.31 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were assigned to 3 diets in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. Two diets were prepared to contain DY or SBM as the sole source of nitrogen, and a nitrogen-free diet was prepared to determine the basal ileal endogenous losses of AA. The SID of AA, except for Gly and Pro, in SBM were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in DY. The SID of indispensable AA in DY ranged from 64.7% for Thr to 86.1% for Arg, whereas those in SBM ranged from 84.8% for Thr to 92.3% for Arg. In conclusion, energy values in DY was comparable with SBM, but the SID of most AA in DY were less than in SBM.

scholarly journals A new source of high-protein distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) has greater digestibility of amino acids and energy, but less digestibility of phosphorus, than de-oiled DDGS when fed to growing pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minoy Cristobal ◽  
Jessica P Acosta ◽  
Su A Lee ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Microbial Phytase

Abstract AbstractThree experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA), concentration of metabolizable (ME), and standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in a new source of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS; ProCap DDGS) are greater than in conventional de-oiled DDGS. In experiment 1, nine barrows (initial BW: 67.2 ± 6.4 kg) with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were allotted to a triplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with three diets and three periods for a total of nine replicate pigs per diet. Two diets included ProCap DDGS or de-oiled DDGS as the sole source of crude protein (CP) and AA. An N-free diet was used to determine the basal endogenous losses of CP and AA. Ileal digesta were collected on days 5 and 6 of each period after 4 d of adaptation to diets. Results from experiment 1 indicated that ProCap DDGS contained more CP and AA compared with de-oiled DDGS. The SID of all AA in ProCap DDGS was greater (P &lt; 0.001) compared with de-oiled DDGS with the exception that the SID of Pro was not different between the two sources of DDGS. In experiment 2, 24 growing barrows (initial BW: 32.7 ± 3.1 kg) were housed individually in metabolism crates and used in a randomized complete block design and fed a corn-based diet or two diets containing corn and each source of DDGS with eight replicate pigs per diet. Fecal and urine samples were collected for 4 d after 7 d of adaptation. Results from experiment 2 indicated that concentration of ME in ProCap DDGS was greater (P &lt; 0.05) compared with corn or de-oiled DDGS. In experiment 3, 32 growing barrows (initial BW: 20.2 ± 0.9 kg) were placed in metabolism crates and allotted to four diets with eight pigs per diet using a 2 × 2 factorial treatment arrangement. The de-oiled DDGS and ProCap DDGS were both included in a diet without microbial phytase and a diet with microbial phytase (500 units/kg diet). Pigs were adapted to the diets for 5 d and fecal samples were collected for 4 d. Results from experiment 3 indicated that inclusion of phytase in the diet containing ProCap DDGS increased (P &lt; 0.05) the STTD of P, but addition of phytase to the de-oiled DDGS diet did not increase STTD of P (interaction, P &lt; 0.001), but the STTD of P was greater (P &lt; 0.05) in de-oiled DDGS compared with ProCap DDGS. In conclusion, ProCap DDGS has greater SID of AA and contains more ME, but has reduced STTD of P compared with conventional de-oiled DDGS.

Comparison of apparent ileal and total tract digestibility of calcium in calcium sources for pigs

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Zhang ◽  
D. Ragland ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Sunflower Meal ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Calcium Sources ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Two experiments were conducted to compare apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of calcium (Ca) in pigs. In experiment 1, three semipurified diets with soybean meal, canola meal, or sunflower meal as the sole source of Ca were formulated. Eighteen cannulated pigs (initial BW = 66 ± 5 kg) were assigned in a randomized complete block design to three treatments and six replicates per treatment. Results indicated that for either Ca or phosphorus (P), the ATTD was not different from the AID in the three diets (Psite = 0.16 and 0.81, respectively). In experiment 2, diets with four Ca concentrations were formulated with calcium carbonate as the Ca source. Sixteen cannulated pigs (initial BW = 73 ± 4 kg) were assigned in a randomized complete block design to four treatments in two experimental periods. The results indicated that the ATTD of Ca was not different from the AID for all diets. Furthermore, the Ca digestibility was not affected by dietary treatments, but the P digestibility was linearly improved (P < 0.01) as dietary Ca and P concentrations increased. Thus, it is concluded that both AID and ATTD can be used to describe the digestibility of Ca for growing–finishing pigs.

scholarly journals 118 Digestibility of amino acids in hydrolyzed feather meal, flash dried poultry protein, poultry meal, and meat and bone meal fed to broiler chickens and pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Victor Naranjo ◽  
Ariane Helmbrecht ◽  
John K Htoo ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM), flash dried poultry protein (FDPP), poultry meal (PM), and meat and bone meal (MBM) fed to broiler chickens and pigs. Four semi-purified diets and a nitrogen-free diet were prepared. Exp. 1 was conducted with 416 male broiler chickens (initial body weight [BW] = 705 ± 100.0 g) at d 18 post-hatching in a randomized complete block design. Birds were fed diets for 5 d and then euthanized to collect ileal digesta. In Exp. 2, ten barrows (initial BW = 22.1 ± 1.59 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were assigned to duplicate 5 × 4 incomplete Latin square design with 5 diets and 4 periods. There were 5-d adaptation and 2-d ileal digesta collection periods in each experimental period. Data were analyzed as a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with the effects of species (i.e., broiler chickens and pigs) and four experimental diets. There were interactions (P < 0.05) in the SID of His, Lys, Thr, Trp, and Val between diets and species. In broiler chickens, the SID of Lys in MBM was greater (P < 0.05) than HFM and FDPP but was not different from PM. Pigs fed MBM had greater (P < 0.05) SID of Lys than HFM, FDPP, and PM. In broiler chickens, the SID of His, Thr, and Trp in FDPP and PM were greater (P < 0.05) than HFM but was less (P < 0.05) than MBM. In pigs, the SID of His, Thr, and Trp in FDPP and PM were greater (P < 0.05) than HFM but was not different from MBM. In conclusion, differences in the SID of AA among animal protein sources were affected by species of monogastric animals.

scholarly journals Effects of isoquinoline alkaloids on apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids, acid hydrolyzed ether extract, and starch by young growing pigs fed corn-soybean meal diets

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 708-714
Author(s):  
Carly M Rundle ◽  
Valeria Artuso-Ponte ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Isoquinoline Alkaloids ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that a preparation of isoquinoline alkaloids (IQ) obtained from Macleaya cordata and added to corn-soybean meal diets increases the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA), crude protein (CP), starch, and acid hydrolyzed ether extract (AEE) when fed to young growing pigs. Thirty-two ileal cannulated barrows (initial body weight = 12.19 ± 1.38 kg) were allotted to a randomized complete block design with four diets and eight replicate pigs per diet. Diets were supplemented with 0, 90, 180, or 360 mg/kg IQ and with 0.40% chromic oxide. Diets were fed for 27 d and ileal digesta were collected on days 13 and 14 (period 1) and on days 26 and 27 (period 2). Effects of IQ inclusions were analyzed using contrast statements, and differences between periods were analyzed using a repeated measures statement. A quadratic increase (P &lt; 0.05) in the AID of Thr, Trp, Val, Pro, and Tyr was observed in period 1 as IQ was included in the diets, and AID of CP, Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, Val, Pro, and Tyr was greater in period 2 than in period 1 (P &lt; 0.05). In period 1, a quadratic increase (P &lt; 0.05) was observed for the AID of starch as IQ increased in the diet, but the AID of starch was less (P &lt; 0.05) in period 2 than in period 1. No differences among treatments or periods were observed for AID of AEE. Results indicate that inclusion of approximately 90 mg/kg of IQ in diets for weanling pigs may increase the AID of starch and some AA.

scholarly journals Comparative amino acid digestibility between broiler chickens and pigs fed different poultry by-products and meat and bone meal

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Victor Daniel Naranjo ◽  
John Kyaw Htoo ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
By Products

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in 3 poultry by-products including hydrolyzed feather meal (HFM), flash dried poultry protein (FDPP), and poultry meal (PM) and also a meat and bone meal (MBM) between broiler chickens and pigs. Experimental diets consisted of 4 diets containing each test ingredient as a sole source of nitrogen and a nitrogen-free diet. In experiment 1, 416 male broiler chickens with a mean initial body weight (BW) of 705 ± 100 g were allotted to 5 diets with 8 replicate cages per diet in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor at day 18 posthatching. After 5 d of feeding experimental diets, birds were euthanized by CO2 asphyxiation, and ileal digesta samples were collected from distal two-thirds of the ileum. In experiment 2, 10 barrows with a mean initial BW of 22.1 ± 1.59 kg were surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum and allotted to a duplicate 5 × 4 incomplete Latin Square design with 5 diets and 4 periods. Each period lasted for 7 d including 5 d of adaptation and 2 d of ileal digesta collection. Data from experiments 1 and 2 were pooled together and analyzed as a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement with the effects of species (broiler chickens or pigs) and 4 experimental diets (HFM, FDPP, PM, or MBM). There were interactions (P &lt; 0.05) between experimental diets and species in the SID of His, Lys, Thr, Trp, Val, and all dispensable AA except Tyr. In broiler chickens, the SID of Lys in FDPP (73.3%) was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in HFM (55.7%) but was lower (P &lt; 0.05) than in MBM (86.5%), which was not different from PM (78.7%). In pigs, however, the SID of Lys in FDPP and PM (70.0 and 70.1%, respectively) were greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in HFM (39.0%) but were lower (P &lt; 0.05) than in MBM (79.2%). Broiler chickens fed FDPP and PM had lower (P &lt; 0.05) SID of His, Thr, and Trp than those fed MBM; however, there was no difference in the SID of His, Thr, or Trp among pigs fed FDPP, PM, or MBM. The SID of Val in MBM was greater (P &lt; 0.05) than in the other test ingredients for broiler chickens, but there was no difference in the SID of Val among test ingredients for pigs. Pigs had greater (P &lt; 0.05) SID of Ile and Met than broiler chickens. In conclusion, the pattern of differences in the SID of His, Lys, Thr, Trp, and Val, but not the other indispensable AA, among poultry by-products and MBM were different between broiler chickens and pigs.

Comparison of Corn Ethanol Co-products from Brazil and USA Apparent and Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Vinicius R C Paula ◽  
Natália C Milani ◽  
Cândida P F Azevedo ◽  
Leury J Souza ◽  
Anderson A Sedano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Corn Distillers

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the apparent and standardized ileal digestibility (AID and SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) of a corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) from USA (UDG), a corn bran with solubles from Brazil (CBS) and high protein corn distillers dried grains from USA and Brazil (UHP and BHP), in growing pigs. Fifty crossbred barrows (46.2±5.3kg) were fed a semi-purified N-free diet, used to determine endogenous N losses, or four diets composed of 40% of each ingredient, as the only source of N, substituting for cornstarch in N-free diet. Animals were fed at 2.8 x maintenance (110 kcal of DE per kg of BW0.75) for 9 d and on the 10th d were euthanized for ileal digesta collection. TiO2 was used as an indigestible marker (0.3%) for digestibility calculations. A randomized block design was used, with 10 replicates, using the pig as the experimental unit, and results submitted to orthogonal contrast test. The CBS, UDG, BHP and UHP contained (as-fed basis) 13.9, 25.8, 42.9 and 34.9% CP; 9.0, 6.4, 10.3 and 7.3% EE; 40.8, 40.2, 32.7 and 47.5% NDF; 4.51, 4.53, 5.30 and 4.90 Mcal/kg GE; and 0.40, 0.73, 1.37 and 1.00% Lys, respectively. The AID of CP, Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Thr and Val; and the SID of His, Leu, Lys, and Val of BHP were 8 to 36% greater (P &lt; 0.05) than those from UHP. The AID of CP, Arg, Ileu, Leu, Phe, Thr, and Trp; and SID of CP, Arg, Phe, and Thr of UDG were 9 to 45% greater (P &lt; 0.05) than those of CBS. In conclusion, BHP had a greater digestibility of most AA than UHP, while the CBS evaluated had lower nutritional value than the UDG source.

PSVI-13 Amino Acid Supplementation During the Adaptation Period Did Not Affect the Standardized Ileal Digestibility of Amino Acids in Corn and Soybean Meal Fed to Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 200-201
Author(s):  
Hyunjun Choi ◽  
Sun Jong You ◽  
Beob Gyun G Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The objective was to determine the influence of amino acid (AA) supplementation during the adaptation period on the ileal digestibility of crude protein and AA in corn and soybean meal (SBM). Six barrows with an initial body weight of 30.9 ± 2.6 kg fitted with a T-cannula in the distal ileum were assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with 6 dietary treatments and 6 periods. Two experimental diets contained corn or SBM as the sole source of AA and an N-free diet was additionally prepared. For AA supplementation groups, an AA mixture consisted of Gly, Lys, Met, Thr, Trp, Ile, Val, His, and Phe was added to the corn diet and the N-free diet at the expense of cornstarch, and an AA mixture of Lys, Met, and Thr was added to the SBM diet. All diets contained 0.5% of chromic oxide. The 6 experimental diets were fed to the pigs for 4 and half days, and the 3 diets containing AA mixture were switched to the respective diets without AA mixture during the following 2 and half days. Ileal digesta were collected during the last 2 days. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Arg and Trp in corn (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect that in SBM. The addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period caused increased apparent ileal digestibility of Pro and Gly regardless of feed ingredient (P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect that of other AA. All AA except Pro in corn and SBM were unaffected by the addition of AA mixture during the adaptation period. In conclusion, the addition of amino acid during the adaptation period does not affect the standardized ileal digestibility of indispensable amino acids in feed ingredients.

232 Effects of Yarrowia Lipolytica Supplementation on Growth Performance and Apparent Ileal Digestibility of Diets Fed to Nursery Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 118-118
Author(s):  
Yi-Chi Cheng ◽  
Marcos E Duarte ◽  
Sung Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nursery Pigs ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Poultry Fat ◽  
Nursery Pig ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Lipid Supplement

Abstract The objective was to evaluate Yarrowia lipolytica (YL) as a lipid supplement fed to nursery pigs for the growth performance and apparent ileal digestibility (AID). Twenty-four pigs weaned at 21 d of age (12 barrows and 12 gilts with initial BW at 7.2 ± 0.6 kg) were allotted to 3 dietary treatments (n = 8) based on the randomized complete block design with sex and BW as blocks. The main effect was the dietary supplementation of YL (0, 1.5, and 3.0%, replacing poultry fat) with nutrients meeting or exceeding the requirements by NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for 21 d based on 2 phases. Feed intake and BW were recorded at d 0, 10, and 21 to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Fecal scores were recorded at every odd day from d 3 to 19. Pigs were euthanized on d 21 to collect ileal digesta for AID of nutrients in diets. Data were analyzed using Proc Mixed of SAS. There were no differences in growth performance among treatments. Whereas, pigs fed 0 and 1.5% YL had higher (P &lt; 0.05) AID of DM (55.0 and 52.2% to 40.2%, respectively) and GE (62.1 and 60.6% to 49.8%, respectively) than pigs fed 3% YL. There were no differences in AID of DM and GE between the pigs fed 0% and 1.5% YL. In conclusion, 1.5% Yarrowia lipolytica could be supplemented in nursery pig diets reducing 0.8% of poultry fat without affecting growth performance and AID of DM and GE.

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