scholarly journals Unrestricted Feed Intake Induces β-Cell Death and Impairs Insulin Secretion in Broiler Breeder Hens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1969
Author(s):  
Yu-Feng Huang ◽  
Ling-Chu Chang ◽  
Chung-Yu Chen ◽  
Yu-Hui Chen ◽  
Rosemary L. Walzem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Impaired Insulin Secretion ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens

Past studies regarding to insulin secretion and glucose disposal in chickens were focused on rapidly growing juvenile broilers and may not reflect glucose/insulin physiology in adulthood. The study aimed to assess insulin secretion and glucose disposal in respect to restricted (R) vs. ad libitum (Ad) feed intake for obesity development in broiler breeder hens. Hens at age of 26 weeks were continued on R rations, or allowed Ad-feed intake up to 45 weeks. Results from prandial changes and glucose tolerance test suggested that Ad-feed intake to 45 weeks impaired insulin secretion and glucose clearance, and, thus, caused hyperglycemia in accompany with transient hyperinsulinemia at age of 33 weeks (p < 0.05). The alterations were shown operating at both transcript and protein level of insulin gene expression per se and at ATP supply for insulin release as evidenced by consistent changes of enzyme expression and activity in pyruvate anaplerosis in the β-islets (p < 0.05). Ad-feed intake also increased β-islet triacylglycerol and ceramide accumulation and provoked interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production (p < 0.05), which were further manifested by a detrimental increase of caspase 3/7 activity and cell apoptosis (p < 0.05). Results support the conclusion that release to Ad-feed intake in broiler breeder hens transiently induced hyperinsulinemia along rapid bodyweight gain and adiposity, but later provoked lipotoxicity and inflammation leading to β-cell apoptosis and ultimately impaired insulin secretion and glucose disposal.

Reduced PDX-1 expression impairs islet response to insulin resistance and worsens glucose homeostasis

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (4) ◽  
pp. E707-E714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Brissova ◽  
Michael Blaha ◽  
Cathi Spear ◽  
Wendell Nicholson ◽  
Aramandla Radhika ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Impaired Insulin Secretion ◽  
Impaired Insulin

In type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and an inadequate pancreatic β-cell response to the demands of insulin resistance lead to impaired insulin secretion and hyperglycemia. Pancreatic duodenal homeodomain-1 (PDX-1), a transcription factor required for normal pancreatic development, also plays a key role in normal insulin secretion by islets. To investigate the role of PDX-1 in islet compensation for insulin resistance, we examined glucose disposal, insulin secretion, and islet cell mass in mice of four different genotypes: wild-type mice, mice with one PDX-1 allele inactivated (PDX-1+/−, resulting in impaired insulin secretion), mice with one GLUT4 allele inactivated (GLUT4+/−, resulting in insulin resistance), and mice heterozygous for both PDX-1 and GLUT4 (GLUT4+/−;PDX-1+/−). The combination of PDX-1 and GLUT4 heterozygosity markedly prolonged glucose clearance. GLUT4+/−;PDX-1+/− mice developed β-cell hyperplasia but failed to increase their β-cell insulin content. These results indicate that PDX-1 heterozygosity (∼60% of normal protein levels) abrogates the β-cell's compensatory response to insulin resistance, impairs glucose homeostasis, and may contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Short-term consequences of a sudden increase in feed allowance in broiler breeder hens

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Robinson ◽  
M. W. Yu ◽  
M. E. Lupicki ◽  
R. T. Hardin
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The immediate effects of a sudden increase in feed allowance on selected morphological and reproductive traits were investigated in broiler breeder hens at 44 wk of age. Fifty Indian River hens were individually caged at 40 wk of age. Prior to 40 wk of age the birds had been feed restricted in accordance with the breeder's recommended feeding program. Five treatment groups (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) of 10 birds each were formed based on level of feeding and duration of exposure to such feeding. T1, T2 and T3 birds were feed restricted (128 g of daily feed bird−1) from 40 to 44, 40 to 45 and 40 to 46 wk of age, respectively. T4 and T5 birds were also feed restricted at the same level as the other groups to 44 wk of age and then were full fed from 44 to 45 and 44 to 46 wk of age, respectively. To facilitate study of follicular recruitment and yolk deposition, hens were fed 10 g of oil-soluble red and black dyes, daily, on alternate days, beginning at 42 wk of age. Birds were killed on day 0 (44 wk; T1), day 7 (45 wk; T2, T4), or day 14 (46 wk; T3, T5). Full-fed hens consumed approximately 100 g more feed per day than did feed-restricted hens, with marked increases in feed intake on the first day of full feeding. After 7 d of ad libitum feeding, significant increases were seen in body weight, liver weight, percent liver fat, plasma lipid concentration, ovary weight, and the incidence of a double hierarchy (simultaneous development) of large follicles. After 14 d of ad libitum feeding, significant increases were also observed in absolute fat-pad weight, individual weights of the four largest preovulatory follicles and number of large preovulatory follicles. The increased number of large follicles in the ovary was not associated with any change in egg production. It is apparent that the morphological disruptions associated with overfeeding broiler breeder hens can be identified within 7 d of full feeding, while any effects on egg production are not seen within the first 14 d of ad libitum feeding. Key words: Broiler breeder, feed intake, yolk deposition, ovarian morphology, egg production

scholarly journals β-Cell–Specific Deletion of HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) Reductase Causes Overt Diabetes due to Reduction of β-Cell Mass and Impaired Insulin Secretion

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2352-2363
Author(s):  
Shoko Takei ◽  
Shuichi Nagashima ◽  
Akihito Takei ◽  
Daisuke Yamamuro ◽  
Tetsuji Wakabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Impaired Insulin Secretion ◽  
Overt Diabetes ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Specific Deletion ◽  
Coenzyme A Reductase

scholarly journals The Influence of Stocking Density on Body Weight, Egg Weight, and Feed Intake of Adult Broiler Breeder Hens

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 1615-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Mtileni ◽  
K.A. Nephawe ◽  
A.E. Nesamvuni ◽  
K. Benyi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Egg Weight ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens

scholarly journals c-Myc directly induces both impaired insulin secretion and loss of β-cell mass, independently of hyperglycemia in vivo

Islets ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Cheung ◽  
Sevasti Zervou ◽  
Göran Mattsson ◽  
Sylvie Abouna ◽  
Luxian Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Impaired Insulin Secretion ◽  
Impaired Insulin

scholarly journals Does epigenetic dysregulation of pancreatic islets contribute to impaired insulin secretion and type 2 diabetes?

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasnim Dayeh ◽  
Charlotte Ling
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
Impaired Insulin Secretion ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Impaired Insulin

β cell dysfunction is central to the development and progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D develops when β cells are not able to compensate for the increasing demand for insulin caused by insulin resistance. Epigenetic modifications play an important role in establishing and maintaining β cell identity and function in physiological conditions. On the other hand, epigenetic dysregulation can cause a loss of β cell identity, which is characterized by reduced expression of genes that are important for β cell function, ectopic expression of genes that are not supposed to be expressed in β cells, and loss of genetic imprinting. Consequently, this may lead to β cell dysfunction and impaired insulin secretion. Risk factors that can cause epigenetic dysregulation include parental obesity, an adverse intrauterine environment, hyperglycemia, lipotoxicity, aging, physical inactivity, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These risk factors can affect the epigenome at different time points throughout the lifetime of an individual and even before an individual is conceived. The plasticity of the epigenome enables it to change in response to environmental factors such as diet and exercise, and also makes the epigenome a good target for epigenetic drugs that may be used to enhance insulin secretion and potentially treat diabetes.

Impaired insulin secretion and β-cell loss in tissue-specific knockout mice with mitochondrial diabetes

10.1038/81649 ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
José P. Silva ◽  
Martin Köhler ◽  
Caroline Graff ◽  
Anders Oldfors ◽  
Mark A. Magnuson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Cell Loss ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Impaired Insulin Secretion ◽  
Mitochondrial Diabetes ◽  
Impaired Insulin

scholarly journals Supplemental 25-hydroxycholecalciferol Alleviates Inflammation and Cardiac Fibrosis in Hens

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8379
Author(s):  
Pao-Chia Chou ◽  
Yu-Hui Chen ◽  
Thau-Kiong Chung ◽  
Rosemary L. Walzem ◽  
Lih-Shiuh Lai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Er Stress ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Breeder ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Sequestosome 1 ◽  
Breeder Hens ◽  
Broiler Breeder Hens ◽  
25 Hydroxycholecalciferol

Broiler breeder hens with efficient feed conversion rate under restricted feed intake (R-hens) or allowed unlimited access to feed (Ad-hens) progressed with cardiac functional failure and suffered early sudden death. A supplement of 69 μg 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-D3)/kg feed improved heart health and rescued livability in both R- and Ad-hens throughout laying stage (26–60 wks). Improvements occurred through cardiac hypertrophic remodeling, reduced arrhythmias, and pathological cues. Here, we further demonstrated consistently decreased circulating and cardiac IL-6 and IL-1β levels in conjunction with reduced cardiac chemoattraction and leukocyte infiltration by 25-OH-D3 in Ad-hens and in R-hens at later time points (35 and 47 wks) (p < 0.05). Supplemental 25-OH-D3 also ameliorated cardiac fibrosis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autophagy, mostly in Ad-hens, as both collagen content and expression of COL3A1, as well as CCAAT box binding enhancer homologous protein (CHOP) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), were consistently decreased, and suppression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light Chain 3 beta (LC3B) and Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) was rescued at 35 and 47 wks (p < 0.05). Vitamin D receptor-NF-κB signaling was shown to mediate these beneficial effects. The present results demonstrate that ER stress and autophagic processes along the sequence from inflammation to fibrotic changes contribute to pathological cardiac remodeling and functional compromise by Ad-feed intake. 25-OH-D3 is an effective anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic supplement to ameliorate cardiac pathogenesis in broiler breeder hens.

Regulatory roles for small G proteins in the pancreatic β-cell: lessons from models of impaired insulin secretion

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (4) ◽  
pp. E669-E684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjaneyulu Kowluru
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
G Proteins ◽  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Signaling Proteins ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Impaired Insulin Secretion ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
Histidine Phosphorylation

Emerging evidence suggests that GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) play important regulatory roles in physiological insulin secretion from the islet β-cell. Such conclusions were drawn primarily from experimental data derived through the use of specific inhibitors of G protein function. Data from gene depletion experiments appear to further substantiate key roles for these signaling proteins in the islet metabolism. The first part of this review will focus on findings supporting the hypothesis that activation of specific G proteins is essential for insulin secretion, including regulation of their function by posttranslational modifications at their COOH-terminal cysteines (e.g., isoprenylation). The second part will overview novel, non-receptor-dependent mechanism(s) whereby glucose might activate specific G proteins via protein histidine phosphorylation. The third section will review findings that appear to link abnormalities in the expression and/or functional activation of these key signaling proteins to impaired insulin secretion. It is hoped that this review will establish a basis for future research in this area of islet signal transduction, which presents a significant potential, not only in identifying key signaling proteins that are involved in physiological insulin secretion, but also in examining potential abnormalities in this signaling cascade that lead to islet dysfunction and onset of diabetes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document