scholarly journals The Efficacy of Plant-Based Bioactives Supplementation to Different Proportion of Concentrate Diets on Methane Production and Rumen Fermentation Characteristics In Vitro

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Eslam Ahmed ◽  
Naoki Fukuma ◽  
Masaaki Hanada ◽  
Takehiro Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Methane Reduction ◽  
The Impact

This In Vitro study was conducted to investigate the impact of plant-bioactives extract (PE), a combination of garlic powder and bitter orange extract, on methane production, rumen fermentation, and digestibility in different feeding models. The dietary treatments were 1000 g grass/kg ration + 0 g concentrate/kg ration (100:0), 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, and 20:80. The PE was supplemented at 200 g/kg of the feed. Each group consisted of 6 replicates. The experiment was performed as an In Vitro batch culture for 24 h at 39 °C. This procedure was repeated in three consecutive runs. The results of this experiment showed that supplementation with PE strongly reduced methane production in all kinds of feeding models (p < 0.001). Its efficacy in reducing methane/digestible dry matter was 44% in the 100:0 diet, and this reduction power increased up to a 69.2% with the inclusion of concentrate in the 20:80 diet. The PE application significantly increased gas and carbon dioxide production and the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen, but decreased the pH (p < 0.001). In contrast, it did not interfere with organic matter and fiber digestibility. Supplementation with PE was effective in altering rumen fermentation toward less acetate and more propionate and butyrate (p < 0.001). Additionally, it improved the production of total volatile fatty acids in all feeding models (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the PE combination showed effective methane reduction by improving rumen fermentation characteristics without exhibiting adverse effects on fiber digestibility. Thus, PE could be used with all kinds of feeding models to effectively mitigate methane emissions from ruminants.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Mootral Supplementation on Methane Production and Rumen Fermentation Characteristics in Ruminants Fed Different Styles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eslam Ahmed ◽  
Naoki Fukuma ◽  
Masaaki Hanada ◽  
Takehiro Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Fiber Digestibility ◽  
Methane Reduction ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Natural Combination

Abstract Background: Using natural feed supplements to mitigate methane emissions from ruminants is a promising strategy. Many antimethanogenic compounds have been used to alter rumen fermentation, yet their potential to reduce methane production effectively is not consistent across different kinds of feeding styles (forage:concentrate ratios). Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the impacts of Mootral (MT), a natural combination of garlic powder and bitter orange extract, on methane production, rumen fermentation, and digestibility in different feeding models commonly used for ruminants. The dietary treatments were 1000 g grass/kg ration (10 GRS), 8 GRS + 200 g concentrate/kg ration (2CON), 6GRS + 4CON, 4GRS + 6CON, and 2GRS + 8CON. MT was supplemented at 200 g/kg of the feed. Each group consisted of 6 replicates. The experiment was performed as a batch culture for 24 h at 39 °C. This procedure was repeated in 3 consecutive runs. Results: The results of this experiment showed that supplementation with MT strongly reduced methane production in all kinds of feeding models (P<0.001). Its efficacy in reducing methane/digestible dry matter was 44% in the 10GRS diet, and this reductive power increased with the inclusion of CON up to a 69.5% reduction with the 2GRS + 8CON diet. MT application significantly increased gas and carbon dioxide production and the concentration of ammonia-nitrogen, but decreased the pH (P<0.001). In contrast, it did not interfere with organic matter and fiber digestibility. Supplementation with MT was effective in altering rumen fermentation toward less acetate and more propionate and butyrate. Additionally, it improved the production of total volatile fatty acids in all feeding models (P<0.001). Conclusions: The MT combination showed effective methane reduction by improving rumen fermentation characteristics without exhibiting adverse effects on fiber digestibility. Thus, MT could be used with all kinds of feeding models to effectively mitigate methane emissions from ruminants.

scholarly journals Effects of Thymol Supplementation on Goat Rumen Fermentation and Rumen Microbiota In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangkun Yu ◽  
Liyuan Cai ◽  
Jiacai Zhang ◽  
Ao Yang ◽  
Yanan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rumen Microbiota

This study was performed to explore the predominant responses of rumen microbiota with thymol supplementation as well as effective dose of thymol on rumen fermentation. Thymol at different concentrations, i.e., 0, 100 mg/L, 200 mg/L, and 400 mg/L (four groups × five replications) was applied for 24 h of fermentation in a rumen fluid incubation system. Illumina MiSeq sequencing was applied to investigate the ruminal microbes in addition to the examination of rumen fermentation. Thymol doses reached 200 mg/L and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) total gas production (TGP) and methane production; the production of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), propionate, and ammonia nitrogen, and the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter were apparently decreased (p < 0.05) when the thymol dose reached 400 mg/L. A thymol dose of 200 mg/L significantly affected (p < 0.05) the relative abundance of 14 genera of bacteria, three species of archaea, and two genera of protozoa. Network analysis showed that bacteria, archaea, and protozoa significantly correlated with methane production and VFA production. This study indicates an optimal dose of thymol at 200 mg/L to facilitate rumen fermentation, the critical roles of bacteria in rumen fermentation, and their interactions with the archaea and protozoa.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of the macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis on rumen microbial fermentation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Muñoz-Tamayo ◽  
Juana C. Chagas ◽  
Mohammad Ramin ◽  
Sophie J. Krizsan
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Microbial Fermentation ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Red Macroalgae ◽  
Asparagopsis Taxiformis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe red macroalgae Asparagopsis taxiformis is a potent natural supplement for reducing methane production from cattle. A. taxiformis contains several anti-methanogenic compounds including bromoform that inhibits directly methanogenesis. The positive and adverse effects of A. taxiformis on the rumen microbiota are dose-dependent and operate in a dynamic fashion. It is therefore key to characterize the dynamic response of the rumen microbial fermentation for identifying optimal conditions on the use of A. taxiformis as a dietary supplement for methane mitigation. Accordingly, the objective of this work was to model the effect of A. taxiformis supplementation on the rumen microbial fermentation under in vitro conditions. We adapted a published mathematical model of rumen microbial fermentation to account for A. taxiformis supplementation. We modelled the impact of A. taxiformis on the fermentation and methane production by two mechanisms, namely (i) direct inhibition of the growth rate of methanogenesis by bromoform and (ii) hydrogen control on sugars utilization and on the flux distribution towards volatile fatty acids production. We calibrated our model using a multi-experiment estimation approach that integrated experimental data with six macroalgae supplementation levels from a published in vitro study assessing the dose-response impact of A. taxiformis on rumen fermentation.Resultsour model captured satisfactorily the effect of A. taxiformis on the dynamic profile of rumen microbial fermentation for the six supplementation levels of A. taxiformis with an average determination coefficient of 0.88 and an average coefficient of variation of the root mean squared error of 15.2% for acetate, butyrate, propionate, ammonia and methane.Conclusionsour results indicated the potential of our model as prediction tool for assessing the impact of additives such as seaweeds on the rumen microbial fermentation and methane production in vitro. Additional dynamic data on hydrogen and bromoform are required to validate our model structure and look for model structure improvements. We are working on model extensions to account for in vivo conditions. We expect this model development can be useful to help the design of sustainable nutritional strategies promoting healthy rumen function and low environmental footprint.

scholarly journals Effects of Geraniol and Camphene on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
M. Joch ◽  
V. Kudrna ◽  
B. Hučko
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of geraniol and camphene at three dosages (300, 600, and 900 mg l-1) on rumen microbial fermentation and methane emission in in vitro batch culture of rumen fluid supplied with a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate substrate (16.2% crude protein, 33.1% neutral detergent fibre). The ionophore antibiotic monensin (8 mg/l) was used as positive control. Compared to control, geraniol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 10.2, 66.9, and 97.9%. However, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility were also reduced (P < 0.05) by all doses of geraniol. Camphene demonstrated weak and unpromising effects on rumen fermentation. Camphene did not decrease (P > 0.05) methane production and slightly decreased (P < 0.05) VFA production. Due to the strong antimethanogenic effect of geraniol a careful selection of dose and combination with other antimethanogenic compounds may be effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants. However, if a reduction in total VFA production and dry matter digestibility persisted in vivo, geraniol would have a negative effect on animal productivity.

scholarly journals Increasing Buffering Capacity Alters Rumen Microbiota Composition and Enhances Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of High-Concentrate Fed Hanwoo Steers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonny Ramos ◽  
Seon Ho Kim ◽  
Chang Dae Jeong ◽  
Lovelia L. Mamuad ◽  
A-rang Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Drastic Decrease ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

Abstract Background: Rumen bacterial community is mainly affected by the type of diet consumed by the host animals. High concentrate diet increases the abundance of lactic acid producers and utilizers due to high level of non-structural carbohydrates thus reducing the number of fiber-degrading bacteria because of drastic decrease in pH. Dietary buffers are essential in regulating rumen pH through the compounds responsible in resisting drastic decrease in pH once cattle were fed with high-concentrate diet. However, no study has evaluated the effects of buffering capacity and efficiency in alleviating chronic acidosis in rumen. Ruminal metataxonomic and fermentation characteristics analyses were conducted to evaluate the effect of different buffering capacities on in vitro and in vivo experiments in high-concentrate fed Hanwoo steers. Results: Results revealed that BC0.9% and BC0.5% had similar and significant effect (P < 0.05) on in vitro ruminal fermentation at 3 to 24 h incubation. Both BC0.9% and BC0.5% had significantly highest (P < 0.05) buffering capacity, pH, and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N) than BC0.3% and CON at 24 h of incubation. Individual and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) were significantly lowest in CON. Increasing buffering capacity concentration showed linear effect on pH at 6 to 24 h while total gas and NH3-N at 3 and 12 h. Phylum Bacteroidetes dominated all treatments but a higher abundance of Firmicutes in BC0.5% than others. Ruminoccocus bromii and Succiniclasticum ruminis were dominant in BC0.5% and Bacteroides massiliensis in BC0.3%. The normalized data of relative abundance of observed OTUs’ representative families have grouped the CON with BC0.3% in the same cluster, whereas BC0.5% and BC0.9% were clustered separately which indicates the effect of varying buffering capacity of buffer agents. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on unweighted UniFrac distances revealed close similarity of bacterial community structures within and between treatments and control, in which BC0.9% and BC0.3% groups showed dispersed community distribution. Conclusion: Our findings showed that increasing buffering capacity enhances rumen fermentation parameters and affects rumen microbiome by altering bacterial community through distinct structure between high and low buffering capacity, thus an important factor contributed to the prevention of ruminal acidosis during a high-concentrate diet.

scholarly journals Insects as Novel Ruminant Feed and a Potential Mitigation Strategy for Methane Emissions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2648
Author(s):  
Eslam Ahmed ◽  
Naoki Fukuma ◽  
Masaaki Hanada ◽  
Takehiro Nishida
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Grass Hay

This study is the first to evaluate the chemical composition and impacts of four different edible insects, Acheta domesticus (A.d), Brachytrupes portentosus (B.p), Gryllus bimaculatus (G.b), and Bombyx mori (B.m), on the digestibility, rumen fermentation, and methane production when used as a substitute for 25% of the soybean meal (SBM) in a ruminant diet through in vitro incubation. The dietary treatments were 100% grass hay, 60% grass hay + 40% SBM, 60% grass hay + 30% SBM + 10% A.d, 60% grass hay + 30% SBM + 10% B.p, 60% grass hay + 30% SBM + 10% G.b, and 60% grass hay + 30% SBM + 10% B.m. The experiment was conducted as a short-term batch culture for 24 h at 39 °C, and the incubation was repeated in 3 consecutive runs. Chemical analysis of the insects showed that they were rich in fat (14–26%) with a high proportion of unsaturated fatty acids (60–70%). Additionally, the insects were rich in protein (48–61%) containing all essential amino acids and the amino acid profiles of the insects were almost the same as that of SBM. The inclusion of insects did not affect nutrient digestibility or the production of volatile fatty acids but did increase the production of ammonia-nitrogen. The addition of G.b and B.m led to decrease in methane production by up to 18% and 16%, respectively. These results reveal that substitution of 25% SBM in the diet with the tested insects had no negative impacts, and their potential to reduce methane production is an environmental benefit.

scholarly journals Effects of garlic supplementation on in vitro nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and gas production

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
M.R. Kekana ◽  
D. Luseba ◽  
M.C. Muyu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Garlic Powder

Garlic contains secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties that can alter nutrient digestibility and rumen fermentation, similar to other antimicrobial products. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the effects of garlic powder and garlic juice on in vitro nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation, and gas production. The treatments consisted of control with no additives, garlic powder, and garlic juice at 0.5 ml and 1 ml. The digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fibre were determined after 48 hours incubation. Rumen ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids were determined at 12 hours and 24 hours incubation. The cumulative gas production was recorded periodically over 48 hours. The in vitro dry matter disappearance decreased with 1 ml of garlic juice compared with control. The crude protein degradability in garlic powder and garlic juice was lower than in control. Volatile fatty acids increased in all treatments. Individual volatile fatty acids were significantly different, especially propionate, whereas the acetate to propionate ratio was reduced by garlic juice, and ammonia nitrogen was reduced by garlic powder and 0.5 ml of garlic juice. The cumulative gas production increased significantly with both levels of garlic juice. The addition of garlic juice at 0.5 mL/100 ml could enhance the production of propionate, and reduce the acetate to propionate ratio, implying that the supply of hydrogen for methanogens was limited.

scholarly journals Inhibition of in vitro rumen methane production by three statins

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Joch ◽  
Mariana Vadroňová ◽  
Alena Výborná ◽  
Kateřina Jochová
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Feed Digestibility

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing concentrations of three pure statins on in vitro methane production and rumen fermentation. The effects of atorvastatin, rosuvastatin and simvastatin at three concentrations (1, 10, and 100 mg/L of culture fluid) were evaluated using in vitro 24 h batch incubation of buffered rumen fluid with a 70:30 forage:concentrate substrate. All statins tested demonstrated the ability to reduce methanogenesis. Methane inhibition potential was decreasing in the following order: simvastatin > atorvastatin > rosuvastatin. Methane production was reduced (p < 0.05) by simvastatin at 10 mg/L (by 9.3%) and by atorvastatin at 100 mg/L (by 13.2%) without compromising fermentation and feed digestibility. Simvastatin at 100 mg/L decreased methane production by 26.2%, however, net production of volatile fatty acids (nVFA) was also reduced (p < 0.05). The only effect of rosuvastatin was a slight reduction (p < 0.05) of methane proportion at 10 and 100 mg/L. Simvastatin and atorvastatin at 100 mg/L increased (p < 0.05) relative proportion of propionate at the expense of acetate and butyrate. Ammonia-N concentrations were not affected (p > 0.05) by statins. The current study demonstrated that selected statins could selectively decrease methane production. The effects of statins on methanogenesis and overall rumen fermentation vary depending on statin type and concentration. Hydrophobic statins, such as simvastatin and atorvastatin, seem to be more effective compared to the hydrophilic statins, such as rosuvastatin.

PSX-B-1 Effect of exposure time and dose of effective microorganisms (EM®) on feed in vitro rumen fermentation and digestibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 455-457
Author(s):  
Alain Miranda-Figueroa ◽  
Carlos Gutiérrez_Aguilar ◽  
Manuel González-Ronquillo ◽  
Atmir Romero-Pérez ◽  
Claudia Cecilia Márquez-Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Quadratic Effects

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of feed inoculation with effective microorganisms (EM®) (mainly containing Lactobacillus spp.,Rhodopseudomona palustrisand Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on rumen fermentation using in vitrogas production technique. We hypothesized that increasing doses and allowing exposure of EM® for up to 48 hours, would improve digestibility and rumen fermentation. The experimental design was a 4×4 completely randomized block design including 4 EM® levels [(0(EM0), 0.5(EM0.5), 1.0 (EM1) and 1.5 (EM1.5) mL EM® / kg DM] and 4 preincubation times [0 (T0), 12(T12), 24(T24), 48 (T48) h], with four repetitions per treatment. Treatments were evaluated using 100ml glass bottles with 0.5g of the diet (20% corn stover, 20% oat hay, 48.8% ground corn, 7% molasses, 1.2% urea, 1% soybean meal, 0.9% mineral premix,1.1% salt, dry matter basis) incubated with sheep ruminal fluid in 3 different occasions. Data were analyzed with PROC MIXED of SAS and orthogonal contrasts to determine the linear and quadratic effects of EM dose and exposure time. Interaction (P &lt; 0.05) of EM x T was observed for in vitrodry matter digestibility (IVDMD), maximum gas volume (Vmax), total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetate (ACE), propionate (PROP), butyrate (BUT) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH3), IVDMD was higher (P &lt; 0.01, 4.8 and 3.72%) for T48EM1.5 than T12EM0 and T0EM0, PROP was higher (P &lt; 0.05) for T48EM0, T48EM1 and 1.5 than T12EM0. The ACE:PROP ratio was higher (P &lt; 0.05, 17.2%) for T12EM0 than T48EM1.5. IVDMD, PROP and NH3 linearly increased (P &lt; 0.01) with increasing exposure time. EM levels have a quadratic effect (P &lt; 0.01) with maximum response at EM0.5. It was concluded that the addition of 0.5 to 1.5 mL/kg DM of EM® to a sheep diet and increasing preincubation time, up to 48h, improve feed fermentation and digestibility.Project was supported by UNAM, DGAPA, PAPIIT (IT202120).

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