scholarly journals Evaluation of TiO2 Based Photocatalytic Treatment of Odor and Gaseous Emissions from Swine Manure with UV-A and UV-C

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1289
Author(s):  
Myeongseong Lee ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Wyatt Murphy ◽  
William S. Jenks ◽  
Baitong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Uv Technology ◽  
Uv C

It is essential to mitigate gaseous emissions that result from poultry and livestock production to increase industry sustainability. Odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and greenhouse gases (GHGs) have detrimental effects on the quality of life in rural communities, the environment, and climate. This study’s objective was to evaluate the photocatalytic UV treatment of gaseous emissions of odor, odorous VOCs, NH3, and other gases (GHGs, O3—sometimes considered as by-products of UV treatment) from stored swine manure on a pilot-scale. The manure emissions were treated in fast-moving air using a mobile lab equipped with UV-A and UV-C lights and TiO2-based photocatalyst. Treated gas airflow (0.25–0.76 m3∙s−1) simulates output from a small ventilation fan in a barn. Through controlling the light intensity and airflow, UV dose was tested for techno-economic analyses. The treatment effectiveness depended on the UV dose and wavelength. Under UV-A (367 nm) photocatalysis, the percent reduction of targeted gases was up to (i) 63% of odor, (ii) 51%, 51%, 53%, 67%, and 32% of acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, p-cresol, and indole, respectively, (iii) 14% of nitrous oxide (N2O), (iv) 100% of O3, and 26% generation of CO2. Under UV-C (185 + 254 nm) photocatalysis, the percent reductions of target gases were up to (i) 54% and 47% for p-cresol and indole, respectively, (ii) 25% of N2O, (iii) 71% of CH4, and 46% and 139% generation of CO2 and O3, respectively. The results proved that the UV technology was sufficiently effective in treating odorous gases, and the mobile lab was ready for farm-scale trials. The UV technology can be considered for the scaled-up treatment of emissions and air quality improvement inside livestock barns. Results from this study are needed to inform the experimental design for future on-farm research with UV-A and UV-C.

scholarly journals Evaluation of TiO2 Based Photocatalytic Treatment of Odor and Gaseous Emissions From Swine Manure With UV-A and UV-C

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeongseong Lee ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Wyatt Murphy ◽  
William S. Jenks ◽  
Baitong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Uv Treatment ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Uv Technology ◽  
Uv C

It is essential to mitigate gaseous emissions that result from poultry and livestock production to increase industry sustainability. Odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and greenhouse gases (GHGs) have detrimental effects on the quality of life in rural communities, the environment, and climate. This study's objective was to evaluate the photocatalytic UV treatment of gaseous emissions of odor, odorous VOCs, NH3, and other gases (GHGs, O3 – sometimes considered as by-products of UV treatment) from stored swine manure on a pilot-scale. The manure emissions were treated in fast-moving air using a mobile lab equipped with UV-A and UV-C lights and TiO2-based photocatalyst. Treated gas airflow (0.25 to 0.76 m3/s) simulates output from a small ventilation fan in a barn. Through controlling the light intensity and airflow, UV dose was tested for techno-economic analyses. The treatment effectiveness depended on the UV dose and wavelength. Under UV-A (367 nm) photocatalysis, the percent reduction of targeted gases was up to i) 63% of odor, ii) 51%, 51%, 53%, 67%, and 32% of acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid, p-cresol, and indole, respectively, iii) 14% of nitrous oxide (N2O), iv) 100% of O3, and 26% generation of CO2. Under UV-C (185+254 nm) photocatalysis, the percent reductions of target gases were up to i) 54% and 47% for p-cresol and indole, respectively, ii) 25% of N2O, iii) 71% of CH4, and 46% & 139% generation of CO2 & O3, respectively. The results proved that the UV technology was sufficiently effective in treating odorous gases, and the mobile lab was ready for farm-scale trials. The UV technology can be considered for the scaled-up treatment of emissions and air quality improvement inside livestock barns.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Gaseous Emissions from Stored Swine Manure with Biochar: Effect of Dose and Reapplication on A Pilot-Scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baitong Chen ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Chumki Banik ◽  
Hantian Ma ◽  
Myeongseong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
On Farm

The rural communities are affected by gaseous emissions from intensive livestock production. Practical mitigation technologies are needed to minimize emissions from stored manure and improve air quality inside barns. In our previous research, the one-time surficial application of biochar to swine manure significantly reduced emissions of NH3 and phenol. We observed that the mitigation effect decreased with time during the 30-day trials. In this research, we hypothe-sized that bi-weekly reapplication of biochar could improve the mitigation effect on a wider range of odorous compounds using larger scale and longer trials. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of biochar dose and reapplication on mitigation of targeted gases (NH3, odor-ous VOCs, odor, GHGs) from stored swine manure on a pilot-scale setup over 8-weeks. The bi-weekly reapplication of the lower biochar dose (2 kg/m2) showed much higher significant percent reductions of emissions for NH3 (33% without & 53% with reapplication) and skatole (42% without & 80% with reapplication), respectively. In addition, the reapplication resulted in the emergence of statistical significance to the mitigation effect for all other targeted VOCs. Spe-cifically, for indole, the % reduction improved from 38% (p=0.47, without reapplication) to 78% (p=0.018, with reapplication). For phenol, the % reduction improved from 28% (p=0.71, without reapplication) to 89% (p=0.005, with reapplication). For p-cresol, the % reduction improved from 31% (p=0.86, without reapplication) to 74% (p=0.028, with reapplication). For 4-ethyl phenol, the percent emissions reduction improved from 66% (p=0.44, without reapplication) to 87% (p=0.007, with reapplication). The one-time 2 kg/m2 and 4 kg/m2 treatments showed similar effectiveness in mitigating all targeted gases, and no statistical difference was found between the dosages. The one-time treatments showed significant % reductions of 33% & 42% and 25% & 48% for NH3 and skatole, respectively. The practical significance is that the higher (one-time) biochar dose may not necessarily result in improved performance over the 8-week manure storage, but the bi-weekly reapplication showed significant improvement in mitigating NH3 and odorous VOCs. The lower dosages and the frequency of reapplication on the larger-scale should be explored to optimize biochar treatment and bring it closer to on-farm trials.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Gaseous Emissions from Stored Swine Manure with Biochar: Effect of Dose and Reapplication on a Pilot-Scale

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Baitong Chen ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Chumki Banik ◽  
Hantian Ma ◽  
Myeongseong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Percentage Reduction ◽  
Significant Percentage ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
The One

Rural communities are affected by gaseous emissions from intensive livestock production. Practical mitigation technologies are needed to minimize emissions from stored manure and improve air quality inside barns. In our previous research, the one-time surficial application of biochar to swine manure significantly reduced emissions of NH3 and phenol. We observed that the mitigation effect decreased with time during the 30-day trials. In this research, we hypothesized that bi-weekly reapplication of biochar could improve the mitigation effect on a wider range of odorous compounds using a larger scale and longer trials. The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of biochar dose and reapplication on mitigation of targeted gases (NH3, odorous, volatile organic compounds VOCs, odor, greenhouse gases (GHG)) from stored swine manure on a pilot-scale setup over 8-weeks. The bi-weekly reapplication of the lower biochar dose (2 kg/m2) showed much higher significant percentage reductions in emissions for NH3 (33% without and 53% with reapplication) and skatole (42% without and 80% with reapplication), respectively. In addition, the reapplication resulted in the emergence of a statistical significance to the mitigation effect for all other targeted VOCs. Specifically, for indole, the percentage reduction improved from 38% (p = 0.47, without reapplication) to 78% (p = 0.018, with reapplication). For phenol, the percentage reduction improved from 28% (p = 0.71, without reapplication) to 89% (p = 0.005, with reapplication). For p-cresol, the percentage reduction improved from 31% (p = 0.86, without reapplication) to 74% (p = 0.028, with reapplication). For 4-ethyl phenol, the percentage emissions reduction improved from 66% (p = 0.44, without reapplication) to 87% (p = 0.007, with reapplication). The one-time 2 kg/m2 and 4 kg/m2 treatments showed similar effectiveness in mitigating all targeted gases, and no statistical difference was found between the dosages. The one-time treatments showed significant percentage reductions of 33% and 42% and 25% and 48% for NH3 and skatole, respectively. The practical significance is that the higher (one-time) biochar dose may not necessarily result in improved performance over the 8-week manure storage, but the bi-weekly reapplication showed significant improvement in mitigating NH3 and odorous VOCs. The lower dosages and the frequency of reapplication on the larger-scale should be explored to optimize biochar treatment and bring it closer to on-farm trials.

scholarly journals VOC Removal from Manure Gaseous Emissions with UV Photolysis and UV-TiO2 Photocatalysis

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuyan Yang ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Yael Laor ◽  
Wenda Zhu ◽  
J. (Hans) van Leeuwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Odor Removal ◽  
Odor Emissions ◽  
Livestock Odor ◽  
Uv Dose

Control of gaseous emissions from livestock operations is needed to ensure compliance with environmental regulations and sustainability of the industry. The focus of this research was to mitigate livestock odor emissions with UV light. Effects of the UV dose, wavelength, TiO2 catalyst, air temperature, and relative humidity were tested at lab scale on a synthetic mixture of nine odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and real poultry manure offgas. Results show that it was feasible to control odorous VOCs with both photolysis and photocatalysis (synthetic VOCs mixture) and with photocatalysis (manure offgas). The treatment effectiveness R (defined as % conversion), was proportional to the light intensity for synthetic VOCs mixtures and followed an order of UV185+254 + TiO2 > UV254 + TiO2 > UV185+254; no catalyst > UV254; no catalyst. VOC conversion R > 80% was achieved when light energy was >~60 J L−1. The use of deep UV (UV185+254) improved the R, particularly when photolysis was the primary treatment. Odor removal up to ~80% was also observed for a synthetic VOCs mixture, and actual poultry manure offgas. Scale-up studies are warranted.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Odor, NH3, H2S, GHG, and VOC Emissions With Current Products for Use in Deep-Pit Swine Manure Storage Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baitong Chen ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Chumki Banik ◽  
Hantian Ma ◽  
Myeongseong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Deep Pit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Manure Storage ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Storage Structures

Odorous gas emissions from swine production have been a concern for neighbors and communities near livestock farms. Manure storage is one of the main sources of gaseous emissions. Manure additive products are marketed as a simple solution to this environmental challenge. Manure additives are user-friendly for producers and can be applied (e.g., periodically poured into manure) without changing the current manure storage structure. Little scientific data exist on how these products perform in mitigating gaseous emissions from swine manure. The research objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of 12 marketed manure additives on mitigating odor, ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), greenhouse gases (GHG), and odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from stored swine manure. A controlled pilot-scale setup was used to conduct 8-week long trials using manufacturer-prescribed dosages of additives into swine manures. Manure was outsourced from three swine farms to represent a variety of manure storage types and other factors affecting the properties. Measured gaseous emissions were compared between the treated and untreated manure. None of the tested products showed a significant reduction in gaseous emissions when all (n = 3) manures were treated as replicates. Selected products showed a wide range of statistically-significant reduction and generation of gaseous emissions when emissions were compared in pairs of manure types from one farm. The latter observation highlighted the lack of consistent mitigation of gaseous emissions by manure additives. The results of this study do not warrant full-scale trials with the tested products.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Odor and Gaseous Emissions from Swine Barn with UV-A and UV-C Photocatalysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeongseong Lee ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Wyatt Murphy ◽  
William S. Jenks ◽  
Baitong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scale Up ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Swine Farm ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Odor Character ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Uv C

UV-A (ca. 365 nm wavelength, a.k.a. 'black light') photocatalysis has been investigated to comprehensively mitigate odor and selected air pollutants in the livestock environment. This study was conducted to confirm the performance of UV-A photocatalysis on the swine farm. The objectives of this research were to (1) scale-up of the UV-A photocatalysis treatment, (2) evaluate the mitigation of odorous gases from swine slurry pit, and (3) test different UV sources, (4) evaluate the effect of suspended particulate matter (PM), and (5) conduct preliminary economic analyses. We tested UV-A photocatalysis at a mobile laboratory-scale capable of treating ~0.2 - 0.8 m3·s-1 of barn exhaust air. The targeted gaseous emissions of barn exhaust air were significantly mitigated (p < 0.05) up to 40% reduction of measured odor; 63%, 44%, 32%, 40%, 66%, and 49% reduction of dimethyl disulfide, isobutyric acid, butanoic acid, p-cresol, indole, and skatole, respectively; 40% reduction of H2S; 100% reduction of O3; and 13% reduction of N2O. The PM mitigation effect was not significant. Formaldehyde levels did not change, and a 21% generation of CO2 was observed. The percent reduction of targeted gases decreased as the airborne PM increased. Simultaneous chemical and sensory analysis confirmed that UV-A treatment changed the overall nuisance odor character of swine barn emissions into weaker manure odor with 'toothpaste and 'mint' notes. The smell of benzoic acid generated in UV-A treatment was likely one of the compounds responsible for the less-offensive overall odor character of the UV-treated emissions. Results are needed to inform the design of a farm-scale trial, where the interior barn walls can be treated with the photocatalyst, and foul air will be passively treated as it moves through the barn.

<i>Pilot-scale evaluation of UV-A &amp; UV-C photocatalytic treatment for mitigating odorous gas emissions from swine manure</i>

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myeongseong Lee ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Wyatt Murphy ◽  
William S Jenks ◽  
Baitong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Scale Evaluation ◽  
Uv C

scholarly journals Emissions from Swine Manure Treated with Current Products for Mitigation of Odors and Reduction of NH3, H2S, VOC, and GHG Emissions

Data ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baitong Chen ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Chumki Banik ◽  
Hantian Ma ◽  
Myeongseong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

Odor and gaseous emissions from the swine industry are of concern for the wellbeing of humans and livestock. Additives applied to the swine manure surface are popular, marketed products to solve this problem and relatively inexpensive and easy for farmers to use. There is no scientific data evaluating the effectiveness of many of these products. We evaluated 12 manure additive products that are currently being marketed on their effectiveness in mitigating odor and gaseous emissions from swine manure. We used a pilot-scale system simulating the storage of swine manure with a controlled ventilation of headspace and periodic addition of manure. This dataset contains measured concentrations and estimated emissions of target gases in manure headspace above treated and untreated swine manure. These include ammonia (NH3), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and odor. The experiment to test each manure additive product lasted for two months; the measurements of NH3 and H2S were completed twice a week; others were conducted weekly. The manure for each test was collected from three different farms in central Iowa to provide the necessary variety in stored swine manure properties. This dataset is useful for further analyses of gaseous emissions from swine manure under simulated storage conditions and for performance comparison of marketed products for the mitigation of gaseous emissions. Ultimately, swine farmers, the regulatory community, and the public need to have scientific data informing decisions about the usefulness of manure additives.

scholarly journals Mitigation of Odor and Gaseous Emissions from Swine Barn with UV-A and UV-C Photocatalysis

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Myeongseong Lee ◽  
Jacek A. Koziel ◽  
Wyatt Murphy ◽  
William S. Jenks ◽  
Baitong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Swine Farm ◽  
Odor Character ◽  
Farm Scale ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
Uv C

UV-A (ca. 365 nm wavelength, a.k.a. ‘black light’) photocatalysis has been investigated to comprehensively mitigate odor and selected air pollutants in the livestock environment. This study was conducted to confirm the performance of UV-A photocatalysis on the swine farm. The objectives of this research were to (1) scale-up of the UV-A photocatalysis treatment, (2) evaluate the mitigation of odorous gases from swine slurry pit, (3) test different UV sources, (4) evaluate the effect of particulate matter (PM) and (5) conduct preliminary economic analyses. We tested UV-A photocatalysis at a mobile laboratory-scale capable of treating ~0.2–0.8 m3·s−1 of barn exhaust air. The targeted gaseous emissions of barn exhaust air were significantly mitigated (p < 0.05) up to 40% reduction of measured odor; 63%, 44%, 32%, 40%, 66% and 49% reduction of dimethyl disulfide, isobutyric acid, butanoic acid, p-cresol, indole and skatole, respectively; 40% reduction of H2S; 100% reduction of O3; and 13% reduction of N2O. The PM mitigation effect was not significant. Formaldehyde levels did not change, and a 21% generation of CO2 was observed. The percent reduction of targeted gases decreased as the airborne PM increased. Simultaneous chemical and sensory analysis confirmed that UV-A treatment changed the overall nuisance odor character of swine barn emissions into weaker manure odor with ‘toothpaste and ‘mint’ notes. The smell of benzoic acid generated in UV-A treatment was likely one of the compounds responsible for the less-offensive overall odor character of the UV-treated emissions. Results are needed to inform the design of a farm-scale trial, where the interior barn walls can be treated with the photocatalyst.

Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Manure in Conventional and Hybrid Pilot Scale Plants: Performance and Gaseous Emissions Reduction

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Chiumenti ◽  
Alessandro Chiumenti ◽  
Francesco da Borso ◽  
Sonia Limina ◽  
Antonio Landa
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Emissions Reduction ◽  
Gaseous Emissions
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