scholarly journals Effects of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 and Oral Calcium Bolus on Lactation Performance, Ca Homeostasis, and Health of Multiparous Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1576
Author(s):  
Hongjian Xu ◽  
Quanyu Zhang ◽  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Chengrui Zhang ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Oral Calcium ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Ca Homeostasis

Little information is available regarding the effect of supplementing 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 during the transition period combined with a postpartum oral calcium bolus on Ca homeostasis. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 combined with postpartum oral calcium bolus on lactation performance, serum minerals and vitamin D3 metabolites, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant and immune function in multiparous dairy cows. To evaluate the effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 combined with oral calcium, 48 multiparous Holstein cows were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: (1) supplementing 240 mg/day vitamin D3 without a postpartum oral Ca bolus (control), (2) supplementing 240 mg/day vitamin D3 with an oral Ca bolus containing 90 g of Ca immediately post-calving (Ca + VitD), (3) supplementing 6 g/day 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 without an oral Ca bolus (25D), and (4) supplementing 6 g/day 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 with an oral Ca bolus containing 90 g of Ca immediately post-calving (Ca + 25D). Lactation performance during the first 21 days was measured. Blood was collected at the initiation of calving and then 1, 2, 7, 14, and 21 days relative to the calving date. The yield of milk (0.05 < p < 0.10), energy-corrected milk (p < 0.05), 3.5% fat-corrected milk (p < 0.05), and milk protein (p < 0.05) were significantly higher in 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-treated groups within 3 weeks of lactation than in vitamin D3-treated cows. The iCa (p < 0.05) and tCa (p < 0.05) were higher in both Ca and 25D + Ca cows than in the control and 25D groups within 48 h. The concentrations of serum tCa (p < 0.05), tP (p < 0.05), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (p < 0.05) in 25D and 25D + Ca cows were higher than those in control and Ca cows within 21 days postpartum. Feeding 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 also showed a lower concentration of malondialdehyde (p < 0.05), interleukin 6 (p < 0.05), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (p < 0.05), as well as a higher concentration of alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.05), total antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05), and immunoglobulin G (p < 0.05) than vitamin D3. Supplementing Ca bolus also showed lower concentrations of alanine transaminase (p < 0.05) and TNF-α (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 during the transition period combined with a postpartum oral calcium bolus improved lactation performance, Ca homeostasis, and antioxidant and immune function of medium-production dairy cows within 21 days postpartum.

scholarly journals Neuroprotective effects of eugenol against aluminiuminduced toxicity in the rat brain

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Said ◽  
Marwa M. Abd Rabo
Keyword(s):  
Total Antioxidant Status ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Activity ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

AbstractAluminium (Al) is a neurotoxic metal that contributes to the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of dietary eugenol supplementation against aluminium (Al)- induced cerebral damage in rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: normal controls, rats fed a diet containing 6,000 μg g-1eugenol, rats intoxicated daily with aluminium chloride (84 mg kg-1body weight) p. o. and fed either a basal diet or a eugenol-containing diet. Daily oral administration of Al for four consecutive weeks to rats significantly reduced brain total antioxidant status (TAS) (11.42±0.31 μmol g-1tissue, p<0.001) with a subsequent significant enhancement of lipid peroxidation (MDA) (32.55±1.68 nmol g-1tissue, p<0.002). In addition, Al enhanced brain acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE) (46.22±4.90 U mg-1protein, p<0.001), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (118.72±11.32 pg mg-1protein, p<0.001), and caspase 3 (Casp-3) (8.77±1.26 ng mg-1protein, p<0.001) levels, and in contrast significantly suppressed brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (82.74±14.53 pg mg-1protein, p<0.002) and serotonin (5-HT) (1.54±0.12 ng mg-1tissue, p<0.01) levels. Furthermore, decreased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunostaining was noticed in the striatum of Al-intoxicated rats, compared with untreated controls. On the other hand, co-administration of dietary eugenol with Al intoxication restored brain BDNF (108.76±2.64 pg mg-1protein) and 5-HT (2.13±0.27 ng mg-1tissue) to normal levels, enhanced brain TAS (13.43±0.24 μmol g-1tissue, p<0.05), with a concomitant significant reduction in TNF-α (69.98±4.74 pg mg-1protein) and Casp-3 (3.80±0.37 ng mg-1protein) levels (p<0.001), as well as AChE activity (24.50±3.25 U mg-1protein, p<0.001), and increased striatal GFAP immunoreactivity, compared with Al-treated rats. Histological findings of brain tissues verified biochemical data. In conclusion, eugenol holds potential as a neuroprotective agent through its hydrophobic, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic properties, as well as its neurotrophic ability against Al-induced brain toxicity in rats.

scholarly journals An Exploration of the Effects of an Early Postpartum Intravenous Infusion with Carnosic Acid on Physiological Responses of Transition Dairy Cows

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1478
Author(s):  
Tainara Cristina Michelotti ◽  
Erminio Trevisi ◽  
Johan S. Osorio
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Intravenous Infusion ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compound found in rosemary plants (Salvia rosmarinus) named carnosic acid during the transition period of dairy cows. From day 1 to 3 after calving, 16 multiparous Holstein cows received a daily intravenous infusion of either 500 mL of saline (NaCl 0.9%; Saline; n = 8) or carnosic acid at a rate of 0.3 mg/kg of BW supplied in 500 mL of saline (CA; n = 8). Blood samples were taken at –7, 2, 5, 7, 14, and 21 d relative to parturition, then analyzed for metabolites related to energy metabolism, muscle mass catabolism, liver function, inflammation, and oxidative stress. CA infusion tended to improve milk performance; however, DMI was unaffected by treatment. At 2 d relative to parturition, CA cows had lower blood concentrations of haptoglobin, paraoxonase, FRAP, and NO2– than saline cows. After treatment infusions, haptoglobin remained lower in CA cows than saline at 5 d relative to parturition. Our results demonstrate that carnosic acid promoted positive responses on inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers and may promote beneficial effects on lactation performance in peripartal dairy cows.

1072 Evaluation of immune function of circulating leukocytes during the transition period in dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 513-514
Author(s):  
A. Minuti ◽  
N. Jahan ◽  
F. Piccioli-Capelli ◽  
L. Bomba ◽  
S. Capomaccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Transition Period

0724 Use of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 to maintain postpartum blood calcium and improve immune function in dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_5) ◽  
pp. 347-347
Author(s):  
A. Vieira Neto ◽  
I. A. Peixoto ◽  
F. R. Lopes ◽  
R. Zimpel ◽  
C. Lopera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Blood Calcium

Effects of dietary 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 on the lactation performance, blood metabolites, antioxidant and immune function in dairy cows

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 104497
Author(s):  
H.J. Xu ◽  
X. Jiang ◽  
C.R. Zhang ◽  
G.M. Ma ◽  
L.H. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Function ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Lactation Performance

scholarly journals Administration of Vitamin D3 Improves Hemoglobin Level by Regulating TNF-a and IL-6 in DSS-induced Colitis Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-5
Author(s):  
Ervin Monica ◽  
Primayuni Dhia Hasanah ◽  
Arief Fadillah ◽  
Rara Aulia ◽  
Eko Sulistijono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Colitis Ulcerative ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Necrosis Factor

BACKGROUND: Anemia is frequently found in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and assumed to be related to inflammatory process. Vitamin D3 (VD) is known to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. It also has the potential to be an alternative treatment of the inflammatory process that occurs at UC, however its mechanism has not been clearly established. This study aimed to assess the effect of VD on histopathology and hemoglobin levels in UC through its regulation in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6.METHODS: Total samples of 24 mice were divided equally into Sham group, UC group, UC+VD group (given 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) followed by VD), and VD+UC group (given VD followed by 3% DSS). Mouse Colitis Histology Index (MCHI) was used to measure histopathological changes. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in colon. Evaluation of anemia was determined by hemoglobin levels.RESULTS: Based on MCHI scores, significant epithelial damage was found in colon sample of UC group (8.25±3.05) compared to Sham (0.33±0.26), UC+VD (2.33±1.07), and VD+UC group (2.83±0.75) (p<0.05). Significant lower numbers of TNF-α were found in Sham (27.33±3.42), UC+VD (36.33±1.86), and VD+UC group (36.68±1.86) compared with UC group (44.66±4.87) (p<0.05). Significant less IL-6 expression was found in Sham (18.05±2.96), UC+VD (24.78±0.79), and VD+UC group (25.09±2.79) compared to UC group (38.85±3.51) (p<0.05). Differences in hemoglobin levels were significantly lower in UC group (11.85±0.97) compared to Sham (14.25±0.47), UC+VD (13.68±0.68), VD+UC group (13.52±1.07) (p<0.05).CONCLUSION: VD significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines, increased mucosal repair, and improved hemoglobin levels.KEYWORDS: colitis, ulcerative, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha

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