Appetite Stimulant and Anti-Emetic Effect of Mirtazapine Transdermal Ointment in Cats Affected by Lymphoma Following Chemotherapy Administration: A Multi-Centre Retrospective Study

In humans, mirtazapine can prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and improve cancer patients’ quality of life (QoL). This drug is being increasingly used as an appetite stimulant in cats. The hypothesis of this retrospective study was that mirtazapine could reduce the incidence of CINV and weight loss in feline patients affected by lymphoma. The objectives were to report the use of mirtazapine transdermal ointment and assess the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity and weight loss in cats diagnosed with lymphoma and receiving chemotherapy. Transdermal mirtazapine was topically administered to the inner surface of the pinna (2 mg/cat/daily) for 14 days following chemotherapy administration. Data recorded from 20 patients were collected. Different grades of GI toxicity were shown in 8/20 (40%) patients. Body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), and muscle condition score (MCS) improved in 12/20 (60%), 6/20 (30%), and 2/20 (10%) cats, respectively. Mirtazapine-induced adverse events (AEs) occurred in 4/20 (20%) cats and did not require mirtazapine discontinuation. Substantial weight loss was not encountered, suggesting that patients had an adequate food intake after chemotherapy administration. Transdermal mirtazapine ointment was considered safe and well tolerated.

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Effectiveness of a new dietetic weight management food to achieve weight loss in client-owned obese cats

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x15599823 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 947-953 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Undine Christmann ◽

Iveta Bečvářová ◽

Stephen R Werre ◽

Hein P Meyer

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Management ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Ideal Body Weight ◽

Condition Score ◽

Ideal Body ◽

Begging Behavior

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate weight loss and maintenance parameters in cats fed a novel weight management food and to assess the owner’s perception of the cat’s quality of life. Methods This study was designed as a prospective, uncontrolled/unmasked clinical trial. One hundred and thirty-two overweight/obese, otherwise healthy, client-owned cats were enrolled. Initial evaluation included physical examination, nutritional assessment, ideal body weight determination and weight-loss feeding guidelines development. Follow-up evaluations (monthly for 6 months) encompassed determination of body weight, body condition score, body fat index, muscle condition score and feeding practices. Quality of life assessment by owners included the cat’s level of energy, happiness, appetite, begging behavior, flatulence, stool volume and fecal score. Results Eighty-three percent of the cats lost weight, with an average ± SEM weight loss of 11.0 ± 1.8% over 6 months and an average ± SE weekly weight loss rate of 0.45 ± 0.02%. The mean ± SEM duration of weight loss was 134.0 ± 4.8 days. Fourteen percent of cats achieved an ideal body weight. Seventy-nine percent of cats ate more calories from novel weight management food than the recommended daily energy requirement for weight loss, and the majority of these cats still lost weight. Body condition score and body fat index decreased over time compared with baseline from weeks 12–24 and from weeks 8–24, respectively. Owners perceived an increase in energy and happiness (>week 12) in the cats that lost weight, without changes in appetite or begging behavior. Conclusions and relevance This study confirmed the effectiveness of the novel weight management food in achieving weight loss in overweight/obese client-owned cats. Owners reported significant improvements in their cat’s quality of life without negative side effects.

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PSII-24 Performance, carcass and meat quality of castrated and intact Dorper lambs slaughtered at different body condition scores

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz122.301 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. 170-171

Author(s):

Edson Luis de A Ribeiro ◽

Francisco Fernandes Jr ◽

Camila Constantino ◽

Fernando Augusto Grandis ◽

Natália Albieri Koritiaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Condition ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Condition Score ◽

Fat Thickness ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Body Condition Scores

Abstract This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the performance, carcass and meat characteristics of castrated and intact Dorper male lambs slaughtered at three different body condition scores. Thirty-five lambs, approximately 3 months old, 21.6 ± 4.0 kg of body weight and 3.1 ± 0.5 of body condition score (BCS), were used. The BCS scale used varied from 1.0 (very thin) to 5.0 (very fat). Four weeks prior to the experiment, 17 lambs were castrated. Lambs were further divided into three groups, according to the criteria for slaughter: BCS of 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5. All animals received the same diet. BCS were achieved after 27, 84 and 130 days in feedlot, respectively. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between sexual conditions and slaughter criteria. Average daily gain of weight (ADG) was different (P < 0.05) for the three BCS (average of 0.263). However, final body weight (28.6 ± 1.7; 42.7 ± 1.8 and 56.8 ± 1.7 kg) and back fat thickness (0.5 ± 0.5; 4.2 ± 0.5 and 7.3 ± 0.5 mm) were different (P < 0.05) among BCS criteria, panelists found that meats from lambs slaughtered with greater fat content were less (P < 0.05) desirable. We can conclude by the performance and meat results that it is better to slaughter Dorper lambs with BCS with no more than 4.0, or 4.2 mm of back fat cover, and for the best acceptability of the meat the lambs should be castrated.

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Analysis of the relationship between occlusal and clinical parameters and the need for incisor reduction in confined horses - a retrospective study

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20130955 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 44 (11) ◽

pp. 2052-2057

Author(s):

Luiz Fernando Rapp de Oliveira Pimentel ◽

André Luis do Valle De Zoppa

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Body Condition ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Clinical History ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Before And After ◽

Dental Intervention ◽

Condition Score ◽

History Of ◽

The Relationship

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between occlusal and clinical parameters and the need for incisor shortening in horses. It was based on the retrospective analysis of the dental charts of 75 confined horses. Body condition score, shape of incisors, presence of dysmastication, excursion to molar contact (EMC) distance before and after cheek teeth occlusal adjustment were evaluated. History of difficult to riding, dysmastication and digestive problems was also considered. The initial measurement of lateral excursion to molar contact (EMC) revealed incisor occlusal surface abnormalities in 45 (60%) horses and long incisors (EMC>15mm) in five (6.6%) horses. Considering clinical examination and history data the need for reduction of incisor length was significant when EMC exceeded 15mm (P<0.0001) and when based on dental shape, clinical history of dysmastication and/or digestive problems or body condition score was also significant (P<0.05). In confined horses, the decision to shorten and align the incisor teeth should be based on observation and history of dysmastication and digestive problems, body condition score, incisors shape and EMC distance. The need for incisor reduction should be determined before dental intervention and reassessed following cheek teeth oclusal adjustment

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ASSESSMENT OF SUBCLINICAL MASTITIS EFFECTS ON LIVE WEIGHT, BODY CONDITION SCORE (BCS) AND EXTERNAL UDDER MEASUREMENTS OF DORPER SHEEP

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v83.15115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 135-142

Author(s):

Amirah Wan-Azemin ◽

Asmad Kari ◽

Nadiawati Alias

Keyword(s):

Body Condition ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Live Weight ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Clinical Mastitis ◽

Condition Score ◽

Dorper Sheep ◽

Quality Of Milk

Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland that can be classified as clinical and subclinical mastitis. The clinical mastitis can be diagnosed based on clinical signs, whilst subclinical mastitis mostly through somatic cell count (SCC). This study was carried out to determine the subclinical mastitis effects on live weight, body condition score (BCS) and external udder traits of Dorper sheep. A total 16 Dorper ewes were selected and screened for mastitis using the Californian mastitis test (CMT). The live weight, BCS and external udder traits (i.e. udder length (UL), udder width (UW), rear udder depth (RUD), cistern depth (CD) and teat length (TL) of the ewes were measured. The subclinical mastitis did not affect the live weight and BCS of Dorper ewes. Whilst for external udder measurements; the highest average of udder length, udder width, rear udder depth and cistern depth were indicated in CMT score as strong positive which shows that the measurement values of external ewes’ udder are increased when the strength detection of CMT scores increased and vice versa. However, all of the external udder parameters measured were not statistically (P>0.05) affected by the mastitis infection scores. The present results indicate that live weight, BCS and all external udder parameters did not influence the subclinical mastitis detected in the milk’s samples of the ewes. This study suggests that subclinical mastitis does not directly affected by morphology alteration of external udder traits, live weight or BCS, however it is likely affect the quality of milk produced.

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Semen Quality of Bulls as Influenced by Breed, Body Condition Score and Ascorbic Acid under Heat Stress

Pakistan Journal of Zoology ◽

10.17582/journal.pjz/2019.51.5.1699.1703 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muamber Shah ◽

Muhammad Subhan Qureshi ◽

Rifat Ullah Khan ◽

Muhammad Mobashar ◽

Mubashar Ali Khalique ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Body Condition ◽

Semen Quality ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Condition Score

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Pre-mortem risk factors for mortality in kittens less than 8 weeks old at a dedicated kitten nursery

Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1098612x20974960 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1098612X2097496

Author(s):

Emily D Dolan ◽

Erin Doyle ◽

Huyanh Ralph Tran ◽

Margaret R Slater

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Prognostic Indicators ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Group 13 ◽

Condition Score ◽

Adult Cats ◽

Physical Findings

Objectives Kittens have unique requirements for care in a shelter setting given their higher susceptibility to infectious disease and socialization needs. Significant time and resources are necessary to care for this vulnerable population and dedicated kitten nurseries are one way to meet the requirements of kittens too young for neutering and rehoming. However, young kittens remain at a higher risk of dying relative to adult cats, even in specialized settings. Efforts to investigate kitten mortality have focused on post-mortem findings and little is known about pre-mortem clinical signs that may be associated with death. The purpose of this study was to elucidate predictors of mortality in underage kittens. Methods The medical records of kittens aged <8 weeks reared in a kitten nursery in New York City during 2017 were examined. The data collected included signalment (estimated age and weight at intake, sex), physical findings (body condition score [BCS]), clinical signs (weight loss, anorexia, diarrhea, upper respiratory tract infection [URI]), diagnoses (panleukopenia, trauma), how early in the feline breeding season the kitten entered (April–November), and whether the kitten had died or was euthanized. The data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard modeling with 1353 kittens to identify factors associated with any death or euthanasia. Results Elevated risk of dying was found for kittens in the lightest weight group (13 times greater), diagnosed with panleukopenia (13 times greater), exhibiting weight loss (>9 times greater), diagnosed with URI (almost four times greater), exhibiting anorexia (three times greater), identified with a low BCS at intake (two times greater) and experiencing diarrhea (almost two times greater). Conclusions and relevance These findings identify clinical signs and diagnoses that can serve as prognostic indicators for underage kitten survival in a shelter/rescue setting and can aid in enhancing protocols for monitoring, intervention and euthanasia decision-making.

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Ultrasound Imaging to Estimate Carcass Quality of Pasundan Cattle based on Body Condition Score

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner ◽

10.14334/jitv.v26i1.2584 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Syifa Khairunnisa ◽

Savitri Novelina ◽

Nena Hilmia ◽

Didik N Hadi ◽

Dedi Rahmat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultrasound Imaging ◽

Body Condition ◽

Artificial Insemination ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Biceps Femoris ◽

Intramuscular Fat ◽

Carcass Quality ◽

Marbling Score ◽

Condition Score

This research aimed to estimate carcass quality of Pasundan cattle using ultrasound imaging based on Body Condition Score (BCS). Total 31 head of female cattle with age ranging from 4 to 7 years from Regional Technical Implementation Unit of the Center for Artificial Insemination and Artificial Insemination for Beef Cattle Development at Ciamis West Java, Indonesia with BCS ranging from 1.0-4.0. The marbling score, intramuscular fat (IMF), backfat thickness (LP), and thickness musculus of m. longissimus dorsi (LD), m. psoas major (PM), m. psoas minor (PMN), m. gluteus medius (GM) and m. biceps femoris (BF) were scanned using ultrasound on 3 different locations, i.e. on 12th-13th ribs (thorax), lumbar 4th - 5th (lumbar), and between tuber coxae and tuber ischii (gluteal) with 5 MHz frequency of convex transducer. The results showed that BCS increased when LP, marbling score and IMF from m. LD, m. PM, m. PMN, and m. GM was rising. Pasundan cattle showed marbling scores ranging from score 1 to 5 and percentage IMF ranging from 2.62% to 4.82%. Body Condition Score affected carcass quality of Pasundan cattle on parameters such as musculus thickness, marbling score, and intramuscular fat (IMF) from ultrasound imaging of m. LD, m. PM. m. PMN, m. GM, and m. BF.

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Tissue mobilisation in Holstein-Friesian cattle selected for divergence in efficiency, defined as residual feed intake

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an14291 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (9) ◽

pp. 1254 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G. C. Waghorn ◽

K. A. Macdonald ◽

M. M. Verwoerd

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Residual Feed Intake ◽

Energy Requirements ◽

Holstein Friesian ◽

Condition Score ◽

Selection For ◽

Friesian Cattle ◽

Pastoral Farming

Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of feed (energy) requirements of individuals, relative to the population mean. Two groups, of ~120 Holstein-Friesian heifer calves (aged 6–9 months), which differed in efficiency by ~20%, were reared and mated. Liveweight and body condition score (BCS) were measured from 1 week pre-calving, for 16 weeks. Measurements were undertaken in 221, 59 and 104 of these animals as they entered their first (aged 2 years), second or third calving, respectively. The cattle were managed under conditions typical of commercial pastoral farming, and the objective was to measure effects of divergence for RFI on post-calving liveweight and BCS change, to indicate tissue mobilisation. The measurements made showed no difference between RFI selections for liveweight before the first (466 kg), second (535 kg) or third (569 kg) calving. Selection for divergent RFI did not affect liveweight at nadir (2–6 weeks post-calving), weight loss to nadir, or BCS at any time. Tissue mobilisation and re-synthesis is energetically inefficient, and although a greater post-calving loss from inefficient cf. efficient cows may have been anticipated, this was not supported by the similarity in liveweights, liveweight and BCS change in the selection lines for RFI.

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Study of animal welfare status in dairy cow herds in Hungary

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1203509g ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 509-516 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R.T. Gudaj ◽

E. Brydl ◽

J. Lehoczky ◽

I. Komlósi

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Animal Welfare ◽

Dairy Cow ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Normal Behaviour ◽

Preliminary Results ◽

Condition Score ◽

Welfare Measures

Animal welfare is a hot topic among consumers, producers and researches nowadays. The major welfare problems of dairy cows are mastitis, lameness, and any conditions which lead to impaired reproduction, inability to express normal behaviour, emergency physiological responses or injury. This paper summarizes preliminary results of project taken in 27 Hungarian dairy farms evaluating general animal welfare. The most important areas for improving animals? wellbeing are related to facilities and comfort of resting. Findings include slippery floors, cows struggling laying and standing in cubicles. Other measures include hair loss, hocks, neck rail injuries and number of thin cows (Body Condition Score 1 and 2). Mouldy silage and low quality of other feedstuff was also found. In conclusion, preliminary results confirm strong demand for monitoring farms and discussions with managers and farmers about welfare measures needed to be taken on farms immediately.

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