scholarly journals Characterization of the Normal Portal and Hepatic Blood Flow of Adult Holstein-Friesian Cows

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Daniel Barreiro-Vázquez ◽  
Marta Miranda ◽  
M. Isabel Barreiro-Vilanova ◽  
F. Javier Diéguez ◽  
Andrés Barreiro-Lois
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Hepatic Blood Flow ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Anatomical Point ◽  
Friesian Cows

In the past, hepatic blood flow in cows was invasively characterized to investigate different pathologies and physiological conditions. However, hepatic blood flow can be easily evaluated with transabdominal Doppler ultrasound. Sixteen healthy adult non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein-Friesian cows were examined using B-mode and Doppler ultrasound between the right flank and 9th intercostal space to establish the best approach to the different parts of the portal and hepatic vein systems, and determine normal blood flow characteristics. The main portal vein was characterized by a turbulent, high-velocity flow due to the opposing confluence of the splenic and cranial mesenteric veins, while hepatic and caudal vena cava veins have laminar blood flow, in which the phasicity is considered mainly respiratory in origin. Reference values were determined in relation to the anatomical point of observation. In conclusion, transabdominal Doppler ultrasound of the portal system is a simple technique that allows non-invasive characterization of portal and hepatic blood haemodynamics in cows.

scholarly journals The Methodology of Doppler-Derived Central Blood Flow Measurements in Newborn Infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koert A. de Waal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Superior Vena ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Newborn Infants ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Flow Measurements ◽  
General Guide ◽  
Blood Flow Measurements

Central blood flow (CBF) measurements are measurements in and around the heart. It incorporates cardiac output, but also measurements of cardiac input and assessment of intra- and extracardiac shunts. CBF can be measured in the central circulation as right or left ventricular output (RVO or LVO) and/or as cardiac input measured at the superior vena cava (SVC flow). Assessment of shunts incorporates evaluation of the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale. This paper describes the methodology of CBF measurements in newborn infants. It provides a brief overview of the evolution of Doppler ultrasound blood flow measurements, basic principles of Doppler ultrasound, and an overview of all used methodology in the literature. A general guide for interpretation and normal values with suggested cutoffs of CBFs are provided for clinical use.

scholarly journals Characterization of Myeloid Cellular Populations in Mesenteric and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Holstein-Friesian Cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara M. Oliveira ◽  
Ana Pinto ◽  
Alexandra Correia ◽  
Paula G. Ferreira ◽  
Manuel Vilanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Friesian Cows

scholarly journals Surgical Ligation of Extrahepatic Shunt under Guidance of Doppler Ultrasound, Portography, and Portal Pressure Monitoring

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsugi Shimoda ◽  
Takayuki Shimizu ◽  
Keiichi Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Portal Pressure ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Portal Flow ◽  
Surgical Ligation ◽  
Disturbance Of Consciousness

A 54-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C was admitted to our hospital because of a disturbance of consciousness and hyperammonemia. Abdominal angiography revealed a portosystemic shunt between the superior mesenteric vein and inferior vena cava. Endoscopic examination showed no varix. As interventional treatment was unsuccessful, surgical ligation of the shunt was performed. After surgery, portography revealed a huge shunt. Before ligation, the portal pressure, portal flow speed, and volume at the umbilical portion were 24 H2O. 5.6 cm/s and 203 ml/min, respectively. Finally the shunt was ligated. The portal flow speed and volume increased for 14 days following surgery and then stabilized. No varices were observed postoperatively. Doppler ultrasound, portography, and portal pressure monitoring can be used to reveal haemodynamic changes in the portal system and justify surgical ligation of portosystemic shunt.

The Blood Flow Characteristics in Borderline Ovarian Tumors Based on Both Color Doppler Ultrasound and Histopathological Analyses

1998 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Emoto ◽  
Toshihiro Udo ◽  
Hirotsugu Obama ◽  
Fuyuki Eguchi ◽  
Toru Hachisuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Color Doppler Ultrasound ◽  
Ovarian Tumors ◽  
Borderline Ovarian Tumors

scholarly journals Minor involvement of nitric oxide during chronic endotoxemia in anesthetized pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. G416-G424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Pastor ◽  
Antoine Hadengue ◽  
Andreas K. Nussler
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Hepatic Blood Flow ◽  
Vascular Reactivity ◽  
Inferior Vena ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Dependent Modification ◽  
A Minor

To study the modifications of hepatic blood flow and hepatic function over time during endotoxemia, 10 pigs received a continuous intravenous infusion of endotoxin (Endo, 160 ng ⋅ kg−1 ⋅ h−1) over 18 h and 7 control (Ctrl) animals received a saline infusion. The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in this endotoxic model was assessed by measuring plasma concentrations of[Formula: see text],[Formula: see text], and cGMP, by testing vascular reactivity to ACh, and by evaluating inducible NO synthase (NOS 2) expression in hepatic biopsies. Endotoxin induced hypotensive and normokinetic shock in association with few modifications of hepatic blood flow, and hepatic injury was observed in both groups. Endotoxin did not increase plasma concentrations of[Formula: see text],[Formula: see text], and cGMP. The ACh-dependent decrease of mean arterial pressure was reduced in Endo pigs, whereas a minor difference was observed between Ctrl and Endo pigs for ACh-dependent modification of hepatic perfusion. Hepatic NOS 2 mRNA was not detected in Ctrl pigs. In Endo pigs, NOS 2 protein expression was detected only in tissues surrounding the portal vein and the inferior vena cava, whereas NOS 2 mRNA was expressed in all hepatic biopsies. Thus, although endotoxemia induces NOS 2 expression in the liver, our findings show that NO involvement is lower in pigs than in rodents during endotoxemia.

scholarly journals Variability of mammary blood flow in lactating Holstein-Friesian cows during the first twelve weeks of lactation

2010 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Götze ◽  
A. Honnens ◽  
G. Flachowsky ◽  
H. Bollwein
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Friesian Cows

Characterization of milk fatty acids based on genetic and herd parameters

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeroen ML Heck ◽  
Heim JF van Valenberg ◽  
Henk Bovenhuis ◽  
Jan Dijkstra ◽  
Toon CM van Hooijdonk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Milk Fatty Acids ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Friesian Cows

The objective of this study was to characterize the fatty acids (FA) in milk based on genetic and herd parameters to investigate the origin of the different FA in milk. Milk samples of 1912 Dutch Holstein-Friesian cows were analysed for 39 different FA including odd and branched-chain fatty acids. The proportion of variation caused by genetic and herd effects was calculated. In addition, genetic and herd correlations among the fatty acids were estimated and a clustering technique was used to visualise these correlations. The results indicated that in Dutch milk C12:0 is not completely synthesised de novo but also partly blood derived. It was suggested that C20:0 in milk is formed from the action of elongase enzymes on C18:0 and that the odd-chain FA C5:0–C13:0 and a part of C15:0 and C17:0 are synthesised de novo while the other part of C15:0 and C17:0 is blood derived. Furthermore, this work gives an overview of the opportunities to change the concentration of individual FA both by breeding and feeding. It is clearly shown that the extent to which the individual FA can be changed varies greatly and is dependent on the origin of the different FA in milk.

scholarly journals Changes in Hepatic Blood Flow and Liver Function during Closed Abdominal Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy following Cytoreduction Surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Dupont ◽  
Eduardo R. C. Schiffer ◽  
Marion J. White ◽  
John R. A. Diaper ◽  
Marc-Joseph Licker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Hepatic Blood Flow ◽  
Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Fluid Management ◽  
Vena Cava ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Abdominal Pressure

Background. The increase in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) during closed abdominal hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) leads to major haemodynamic changes and potential organ dysfunction. We investigated these effects on hepatic blood flow (HBF) and liver function in patients undergoing HIPEC following cytoreductive surgery and fluid management guided by dynamic preload indices. Methods. In this prospective observational clinical study including 15 consecutive patients, we evaluated HBF by transesophageal echocardiography and liver function by determination of the indocyanine green plasma disappearance rate (ICG-PDR). Friedman’s two-way analysis of variance by ranks and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were performed for statistical analysis. Results. During HIPEC, HBF was markedly reduced, resulting in the loss of any pulsatile Doppler flow signal in all but one patient. The ICG-PDR, expressed as median (interquartile 25–75), decreased from 23 (20–30) %/min to 18 (12.5–19) %/min (p<0.001). Despite a generous crystalloid infusion rate (27 (22–35) ml/kg/h), cardiac index decreased during the increased IAP period, inferior vena cava diameter decreased, stroke volume variation and pulse pressure variation increased, lung compliance dropped, and there was an augmentation in plateau pressure. All changes were significant (p<0.001) and reversed to baseline values post HIPEC. Conclusion. Despite optimizing intravenous fluids during closed abdominal HIPEC, we observed a marked decrease in HBF and liver function. Both effects were transient and limited to the period of HIPEC but could influence the choice between closed or open abdominal cavity procedure for HIPEC and should be considered in similar clinical situations of increased IAP.

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