scholarly journals Mineral Nutritional Status of Yaks (Bos Grunniens) Grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingshan Fan ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
Fujiang Hou
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Bos Grunniens ◽  
The Relationship

Minerals are essentially important for supporting livestock’s health, as well as productivity. This study aimed to investigate the mineral status of yaks (Bos grunniens) grazing on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) and the relationship between macro and micro mineral nutrients among soil, forages, and blood in four counties of the QTP. The soil samples (n = 320), forages (n = 320), and blood serum (n = 320) were collected from four randomly selected yak farms in each location during July (warm season) and December (cold season), and were analyzed for macro minerals (P, Ca, K, Mg, Na) and micro minerals (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se). Based on this study, both of the macro and micro minerals were very variable between seasons and many of the macro and micro minerals, such as P, Mg, K, S, Na, Se, and Cu, were found to be below the requirement level for yaks in all four counties. It was significantly shown that the concentrations of both macro and micro minerals in soil and forages influenced the serum concentration of minerals, showing the deficient status of yaks.

scholarly journals Influence of main characteristics of nervous processes on the sodium-potassium ratio in blood of cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (95) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
O. V. Zhurenko ◽  
V. I. Karpovskiy ◽  
O. V. Danchuk
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Sodium And Potassium

The goal of the study was to confirm the influence of nervous processes on the sodium-potassium ratio in the blood of cows. Blood sampling was performed twice, in summer and in winter. It was found that in animals with different types of HNA, the sodium-potassium ratio in the different blood fractions was slightly different, but was within the physiological limits. In particular, the index of sodium-potassium ratio in whole blood, serum and blood cells of cows, depending on the type of HNA and the seasons was respectively 1.6–2.5 r.u., 15.1–21.5 r.u. and 0.11–0.18 r.u. It should be noted that in cows of SBM and SBI type of HNA, this indicator in different fractions of blood, regardless of the season, did not differ significantly. The strength of nerve processes in summer (r = -0.53–0.58; P < 0.05–0.01) and in winter was inversely related to the sodium-potassium ratio in whole blood, serum and blood cells of cows (r = -0.77–0.871; P < 0.001). The balance of nervous processes in summer is inversely related to the content of potassium in whole blood (r=-0.64; P < 0.01), serum (r = -0.55; P < 0.05) and blood cells (r = -0.60; P <0.01). However, in winter, the balance of nerve processes is directly related only to the content of this metal in whole blood of cows (r = 0.54; P < 0.05). The strength of nerve processes in the warm season significantly limited the content of potassium in whole blood, serum and blood cells of cows – η2χ = 0.33–0.43 (P < 0.05–0.01). Whereas in cold season the index of the strength of influence on the content of this element was much higher – η2χ = 0.52–0.69 (P < 0.01–0.001). Regression analysis determined the correlation of sodium-potassium ratio in the blood of cows with the main characteristics of nervous processes. Moreover, it was found that when the strength or balance of the nerve processes is changed by one unit, the sodium-potassium ratio in the serum and blood cells in the summer changes in the opposite direction, respectively, by 1.54–1.59 r.u. (P < 0.05) and 0.02 r. u. (P < 0.05). Whereas in winter only the strength of nervous processes limited this index in serum (b = -3.1; P <0.001) and blood cells (b = -0.03; P < 0.001), thus in winter up to 59% (P < 0.001) variations of this index in blood serum and up to 76% in blood cells could be caused by the strength of nerve processes. There was not confirmed significant dependence of sodium-potassium ratio in different fractions of blood of cows on the mobility of nervous processes (b = -0.01–0.53; P > 0.05). Significant correlation was found between the type of HNA and the sodium-potassium ratio in whole blood, serum and blood cells (F = 7.8–21.0 > FU = 3.01; P < 0.001). The season of year also greatly influenced the sodium-potassium ratio in whole blood (F = 18.5 > FU = 4.26; P < 0.001), serum (F = 10.6 > FU = 4.26; P < 0.01) and cow blood cells (F = 8.35 > FU = 4.26; P < 0.01). Therefore, the studies indicated a significant influence of the main characteristics of cortical nerve processes on the content of sodium and potassium in the blood of cows.

scholarly journals Isotopic constraints on atmospheric sulfate formation pathways in the Mt. Everest region, southern Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Shohei Hattori ◽  
Mang Lin ◽  
Sakiko Ishino ◽  
Becky Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Southern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Sulfate Formation

Abstract. As an important atmosphere constituent, sulfate aerosols exert profound impacts on climate, ecological environment, and human health. The Tibetan Plateau (TP), identified as the Third Pole, contains the largest land ice masses outside the poles and has attracted wide attention on its environment and climatic change. However, the mechanisms of sulfate formation in this specific region remain poorly characterized. Oxygen-17 anomaly (Δ17O) has been used as a probe to constrain the relative importance of different pathways leading to sulfate formation. Here, we report the Δ17O values in atmospheric sulfate collected at a remote site in the Mt. Everest region to decipher the possible formation mechanisms of sulfate in such a pristine environment. Throughout the sampling campaign (April–September 2018), the Δ17O in non-dust sulfate show an average of 1.7 ± 0.5 ‰ which is higher than most existing data in modern atmospheric sulfate. The seasonality of Δ17O in non-dust sulfate exhibits high values in the pre-monsoon and low values in the monsoon, opposite to the seasonality in Δ17O for both sulfate and nitrate (i.e., minima in warm season and maxima in cold season) observed from diverse geographic sites. This high Δ17O in non-dust sulfate found in this region clearly indicates the important role of the S(IV) + O3 pathway in atmospheric sulfate formation promoted by high cloud water pH condition. Overall, our study provides an observational constraint on atmospheric acidity in altering sulfate formation pathways particularly in dust-rich environments, and such identification of key processes provides an important basis for a better understanding of the sulfur cycle in the TP.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Spatial and Seasonal Variation of the Error–Intensity Relationship in Satellite-Based Precipitation Measurements Using an Adaptive Parametric Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1700-1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Liu ◽  
Soroosh Sorooshian ◽  
Xiaogang Gao
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Parametric Model ◽  
Spatial And Seasonal Variation ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Pdf Model ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Studies have been reported about the efficacy of satellites for measuring precipitation and about quantifying their errors. Based on these studies, the errors are associated with a number of factors, among them, intensity, location, climate, and season of the year. Several error models have been proposed to assess the relationship between the error and the rainfall intensity. However, it is unknown whether these models are adaptive to different seasons, different regions, or different types of satellite-based estimates. Therefore, how the error–intensity relationship varies with the season or region is unclear. To investigate these issues, a parametric joint pdf model is proposed to analyze and study the 9-yr satellite-derived precipitation datasets of Climate Prediction Center (CPC) morphing technique (CMORPH); PERSIANN; and the real-time TRMM product 3B42, version 7 (TRMM-3B42-RTV7). The NEXRAD Stage IV product is the ground reference. The adaptability of the proposed model is verified by applying it to three locations (Oklahoma, Montana, and Florida) and by applying it to cold season, warm season, and the entire year. Then, the heteroscedasticities in the errors of satellite-based precipitation measurements are investigated using the proposed model under those scenarios. The results show that the joint pdfs have the same formulation under these scenarios, whereas their parameter sets were adaptively adjusted. This parametric model reveals detailed information about the spatial and seasonal variations of the satellite-based precipitation measurements. It is found that the shape of the conditional pdf shifts across the intensity ranges. At the ~10–20 mm day−1 range, the conditional pdf is L shaped, while at the ~40–60 mm day−1 range, it becomes more bell shaped. It is also concluded that no single satellite-based precipitation product outperforms others with respect to the different scenarios (i.e., seasons, regions, and climates).

scholarly journals Isotopic constraints on atmospheric sulfate formation pathways in the Mt. Everest region, southern Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 8357-8376
Author(s):  
Kun Wang ◽  
Shohei Hattori ◽  
Mang Lin ◽  
Sakiko Ishino ◽  
Becky Alexander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Sulfur Cycle ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Sampling Campaign ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Southern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Sulfate Formation

Abstract. As an important atmosphere constituent, sulfate aerosols exert profound impacts on climate, the ecological environment, and human health. The Tibetan Plateau (TP), identified as the “Third Pole”, contains the largest land ice masses outside the poles and has attracted widespread attention for its environment and climatic change. However, the mechanisms of sulfate formation in this specific region still remain poorly characterized. An oxygen-17 anomaly (Δ17O) has been used as a probe to constrain the relative importance of different pathways leading to sulfate formation. Here, we report the Δ17O values in atmospheric sulfate collected at a remote site in the Mt. Everest region to decipher the possible formation mechanisms of sulfate in such a pristine environment. Throughout the sampling campaign (April–September 2018), the Δ17O in non-dust sulfate show an average of 1.7 ‰±0.5 ‰, which is higher than most existing data on modern atmospheric sulfate. The seasonality of Δ17O in non-dust sulfate exhibits high values in the pre-monsoon and low values in the monsoon, opposite to the seasonality in Δ17O for both sulfate and nitrate (i.e., minima in the warm season and maxima in the cold season) observed from diverse geographic sites. This high Δ17O in non-dust sulfate found in this region clearly indicates the important role of the S(IV)+O3 pathway in atmospheric sulfate formation promoted by conditions of high cloud water pH. Overall, our study provides an observational constraint on atmospheric acidity in altering sulfate formation pathways, particularly in dust-rich environments, and such identification of key processes provides an important basis for a better understanding of the sulfur cycle in the TP.

scholarly journals Seasonal ice dynamics in the lower ablation zone of Dagongba Glacier, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, from multitemporal UAV images

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Yin Fu ◽  
Qiao Liu ◽  
Guoxiang Liu ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Seasonal Dynamics ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Surface Elevation ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Ablation Zone ◽  
Glacier Surface ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Southeastern Tibetan Plateau

Abstract Most glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau have experienced continuous mass losses in response to global warming. However, the seasonal dynamics of glaciers on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau have rarely been reported in terms of glacier surface elevation and velocity. This paper presents a first attempt to explore the seasonal dynamics of the debris-covered Dagongba Glacier within the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. We use the multitemporal unoccupied aerial vehicle images collected over the lower ablation zone on 8 June and 17 October 2018, and 13 May 2019, and then perform an analysis concerning climatic fluctuations. The results reveal that the mean surface elevation decrease of the Dagongba Glacier during the warm season ( $2.81\pm 0.44$ m) was remarkably higher than the cold season ( $0.72\pm 0.45$ m). Particularly notable glacier surface elevation changes were found around supraglacial lakes and ice cliffs where ice ablation rates were $\sim$ 3 times higher than the average. In addition, a larger longitudinal decline of glacier surface velocity was observed in the warm season than that in the cold season. In terms of further comparative analysis, the Dagongba Glacier experienced a decrease in surface velocity between 1982–83 and 2018–19, with a decrease in the warm season possibly twice as large as that in the cold season.

scholarly journals Seasonal Dynamics of a Temperate Tibetan Glacier Revealed by High-Resolution UAV Photogrammetry and In Situ Measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2389
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Chuanxi Zhao ◽  
Matthew Westoby ◽  
Tandong Yao ◽  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Seasonal Dynamic ◽  
Surface Elevation ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Ablation Zone ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Seasonal Signals

The seasonal dynamic changes of Tibetan glaciers have seen little prior investigation, despite the increase in geodetic studies of multi-year changes. This study compares seasonal glacier dynamics (“cold” and “warm” seasons) in the ablation zone of Parlung No. 4 Glacier, a temperate glacier in the monsoon-influenced southeastern Tibetan Plateau, by using repeat unpiloted aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys combined with Structure-from-Motion (SfM) photogrammetry and ground stake measurements. Our results showed that the surveyed ablation zone had a mean change of −2.7 m of ice surface elevation during the period of September 2018 to October 2019 but is characterized by significant seasonal cyclic variations with ice surface elevation lifting (+2.0 m) in the cold season (September 2018 to June 2019) but lowering (−4.7 m) in the warm season (June 2019 to October 2019). Over an annual timescale, surface lowering was greatly suppressed by the resupply of ice from the glacier’s accumulation area—the annual emergence velocity compensates for about 55% of surface ablation in our study area. Cold season emergence velocities (3.0 ± 1.2 m) were ~5-times larger than those observed in the warm season (0.6 ± 1.0 m). Distinct spring precipitation patterns may contribute to these distinct seasonal signals. Such seasonal dynamic conditions are possibly critical for different glacier responses to climate change in this region of the Tibetan Plateau, and perhaps further afield.

K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed ◽  
Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽  
Sahabi Yusuf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production.  Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.

The Relationship between Nutritional Knowledge and Attitudes toward Food Intake and Nutritional Status of People with HIVAIDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 213-223
Author(s):  
Meirina Dwi Larasati ◽  
Nurul Dwi Anggriyani ◽  
Susi Tursilowati ◽  
Ria Ambarwati ◽  
Yuniarti Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
The Relationship
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