scholarly journals The Different Colors of mAbs in Solution

Antibodies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Alexandre Ambrogelly
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Therapeutic Protein ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Critical Quality Attribute ◽  
Recombinant Therapeutic Protein ◽  
Protein Variants ◽  
Antibody Solution

The color of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody solution is a critical quality attribute. Consistency of color is typically assessed at time of release and during stability studies against preset criteria for late stage clinical and commercial products. A therapeutic protein solution’s color may be determined by visual inspection or by more quantitative methods as per the different geographical area compendia. The nature and intensity of the color of a therapeutic protein solution is typically determined relative to calibrated standards. This review covers the analytical methodologies used for determining the color of a protein solution and presents an overview of protein variants and impurities known to contribute to colored recombinant therapeutic protein solutions.

scholarly journals Use of Viscosity to Probe the Interaction of Anionic Surfactants with a Coagulant Protein from Moringa oleifera Seeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Maikokera ◽  
Habauka M. Kwaambwa
Keyword(s):  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Anionic Surfactants ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Capillary Viscometer ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
V Protein ◽  
Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate ◽  
Physical Quantities

The intrinsic viscosity of the coagulant protein was evaluated from the flow times of the protein solutions through a capillary viscometer, and the results suggested the coagulant protein to be globular. The interactions of the coagulant protein with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) were also investigated by capillary viscometry. We conclude that there is strong protein-surfactant interaction at very low surfactant concentrations, and the behavior of the anionic surfactants in solutions containing coagulant protein is very similar. The viscometry results of protein-SDS system are compared with surface tension, fluorescence, and circular dichroism reported earlier. Combining the results of the four studies, the four approaches seem to confirm the same picture of the coagulant protein-SDS interaction. All the physical quantities when studied as function of surfactant concentration for 0.05% (w/v) protein solution either exhibited a maximum or minimum at a critical SDS concentration.

scholarly journals THE ELIMINATION OF DISCREPANCIES BETWEEN OBSERVED AND CALCULATED P.D. OF PROTEIN SOLUTIONS NEAR THE ISOELECTRIC POINT WITH THE AID OF BUFFER SOLUTIONS

1922 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 617-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Loeb
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Buffer Salt ◽  
Buffer Solutions

1. It had been noticed in the previous experiments on the influence of the hydrogen ion concentration on the P.D. between protein solutions inside a collodion bag and aqueous solutions free from protein that the agreement between the observed values and the values calculated on the basis of Donnan's theory was not satisfactory near the isoelectric point of the protein solution. It was suspected that this was due to the uncertainty in the measurements of the pH of the outside aqueous solution near the isoelectric point. This turned out to be correct, since it is shown in this paper that the discrepancy disappears when both the inside and outside solutions contain a buffer salt. 2. This removes the last discrepancy between the observed P.D. and the P. D. calculated on the basis of Donnan's theory of P.D. between membrane equilibria, so that we can state that the P.D. between protein solutions inside collodion bags and outside aqueous solutions free from protein can be calculated from differences in the hydrogen ion concentration on the opposite sides of the membrane, in agreement with Donnan's formula.

scholarly journals Clinical validation of the “in silico” prediction of immunogenicity of a human recombinant therapeutic protein

2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Koren ◽  
A.S. De Groot ◽  
V. Jawa ◽  
K.D. Beck ◽  
T. Boone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Silico ◽  
Therapeutic Protein ◽  
Clinical Validation ◽  
In Silico Prediction ◽  
Recombinant Therapeutic Protein

Oscillatory Flow Between Two Hemispheres for Shearing Protein Solution

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejuan Kong ◽  
Anita Penkova ◽  
Satwindar Singh Sadhal
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Shear Flow ◽  
Protein Aggregation ◽  
Oscillatory Flow ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Liquid Region ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Aggregation Rate

Protein aggregation rate is known to be influenced by shear flow in protein solutions. This has important physiological implications as many of the body functions involve shear flow. Fluid mechanical shear can affect interactions between protein molecules, initiate protein aggregation, and further affect their biological activity. The shear rate is therefore an important parameter either to determine or to influence the properties of the protein solution when it forms a nucleus or aggregates. For experiments, the number density of nuclei can be controlled by using an optimal shear rate and protein concentration. However, this requires theoretical information on the shear rate for the experimental conditions. With this motivation, we have designed an experiment in which we can effectively apply shear with flow characteristics that can be calculated. Specifically, in a small hemispherically-shaped bowl, 4 mm in diameter we place the protein solution and insert a rounded rod that can be vibrated rotationally or laterally, maintaining spherical symmetry in the liquid region. This system is particularly useful when only small quantities of expensive protein solutions can be used for experimentation. We have carried out the mathematical analysis of the time-dependent flow field between two concentric hemispheres by the perturbation method using ε = U0/ωa ≪ 1 as a small parameter where U0 is a characteristic velocity, ω is the oscillation frequency and a is a length scale based on the vessel dimensions (bowl radius). We have obtained an analytical solution for the velocity field, and the shear rate in the liquid. In addition, with the nonlinear interaction of the oscillatory flow, there is a nonzero time-independent mean flow (known as streaming). With the integrated effect of shear in the liquid region, this result will be useful for conducting aggregation experiment in which the effective shear rate can be correlated to the aggregation rate.

scholarly journals Potential and limits of a colloid approach to protein solutions

Soft Matter ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Stradner ◽  
Peter Schurtenberger
Keyword(s):  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Solution Properties ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Entire Concentration Range ◽  
Colloid Science ◽  
Science Concepts

We critically discuss the application of colloid science concepts to better understand protein solution properties in the entire concentration range.

Inaccuracy of Labeling and Visual Inspection for Microsporidian Parasites in Anglerfish Lophius litulon (Jordan, 1902) Collected from Chinese Retail Markets in Sardinia, Italy

2015 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1232-1236 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOMENICO MELONI ◽  
COSTANTINO ARCA ◽  
PIERLUIGI PIRAS
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Microsporidian Parasite ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Fish Flesh ◽  
Trade Name ◽  
Scientific Name

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of labeling and the efficacy of visual inspection to detect the lesions by visible parasites in anglerfish Lophius litulon. One hundred samples were collected over a 2-year period (2011 to 2012) from Chinese retail markets in Sardinia, Italy. To assess the conformity of the items with the trade name, a preliminary visual inspection of the samples by a simple morphological analysis was performed. According to the Council Regulations (EC) 104/2000, 1224/2009, and 2074/2005, the Italian labels were examined to verify the appropriate indication of relevant information on traceability (trade name, scientific name, geographical area, and production method), and the samples of L. litulon were subjected to visual inspection to detect “visible parasites.” Altogether, a high percentage of mismatching (70%) between the scientific name and trade name was pointed out. Moreover, 60% of the samples were visibly infected by Spraguea lophii, a microsporidian parasite of the nervous tissue that forms typical lesions (xenomas) in the fish flesh near the vertebral column. Although S. lophii is not pathogenic to humans, the presence of xenomas can decompose the fish flesh and render it unfit for human consumption. The high percentage of mislabeling, together with the inaccuracy in the visual inspection by Chinese food business operators highlighted the need to improve the European Union control system of fishery products imported from China and marketed in Europe.

SPHERULITIC GROWTH IN PROTEIN SOLUTIONS

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
PUI SHAN CHOW ◽  
JING ZHANG ◽  
XIANG YANG LIU ◽  
REGINALD BENG HEE TAN
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Model System ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Protein Solution ◽  
Liquid Separation ◽  
Spherulitic Growth ◽  
Crystal Growth Process

Lysozyme was chosen as a model system for investigation of spherulitic growth in protein solution. Solutions of various concentrations of lysozyme and sodium chloride were studied under an optical microscope using polarized light. Spherulites were observed in the liquid-liquid separation regime. Images at various stages during the crystal growth process are presented. In a separate set of experiments, it was demonstrated that the presence of foreign particles could promote spherulitic growth even without liquid-liquid separation.

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