scholarly journals Interdental Plaque Microbial Community Changes Under In Vitro Violet LED Irradiation

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Dan Wang ◽  
Takayuki Nambu ◽  
Hiroaki Tanimoto ◽  
Naohiro Iwata ◽  
Kazushi Yoshikawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Violet Light ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Led Irradiation

Oral microbiome dysbiosis has important links to human health and disease. Although photodynamic therapy influences microbiome diversity, the specific effect of violet light irradiation remains largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the effect of violet light-emitting diode (LED) irradiation on interdental plaque microbiota. Interdental plaque was collected from 12 human subjects, exposed to violet LED irradiation, and cultured in a specialized growth medium. Next-generation sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA genes revealed that α-diversity decreased, whereas β-diversity exhibited a continuous change with violet LED irradiation doses. In addition, we identified several operational taxonomic units that exhibited significant shifts during violet LED irradiation. Specifically, violet LED irradiation led to a significant reduction in the relative abundance of Fusobacterium species, but a significant increase in several species of oral bacteria, such as Veillonella and Campylobacter. Our study provides an overview of oral plaque microbiota changes under violet LED irradiation, and highlights the potential of this method for adjusting the balance of the oral microbiome without inducing antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Comparative antimicrobial efficacy study of different commercially available toothpaste in India: An in vitro study

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-131
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Oral Pathogens

Antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents have been recommended for lowering oral bacteria growth. The main purpose of this study is to examine the efficacy of different toothpaste formulations in providing complete oral cavity protection against oral pathogens. By using a modified well agar diffusion assay, twenty kinds of toothpaste were examined for antimicrobial efficacy against two oral pathogens: Streptococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The examination indicated that the majority of the non-herbal dentifrices and combinations of herbal and chemical-based dentifrices chosen for the investigation were viable against both microbial strains, however, to differing degrees. TP1 and TP17 were found the best against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, with 21.553 mm and 23.443 mm as the zone of inhibition. From the herbal dentifrices, TP15 was found to have significant effect on E. coli, followed by TP19 for S. aureus. Nevertheless, toothpaste TP15 and TP19 were not effective against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. In correlation, the inhibition zones of every single other dentifrice were found to be less. Antimicrobial activity against test organisms was stronger in a sodium lauryl sulphate-based dental formulations, when combined with fluoride. A formulation including TP15 exhibited substantial activity against the tested bacterium E. coli among herbal dentifrices. Statistical analysis demonstrated that the effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria was greater than against Gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, herbal toothpaste can be incorporated with chemotherapeutic agents to enhance its effectiveness against pathogens present in the oral microbiome. This comparison aids in the identification of the toothpaste’s shortcomings and benefits over other formulations, widening the scope of more potent toothpaste products.

scholarly journals Nitric Oxide Donor Modulates a Multispecies Oral Bacterial Community—An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Nambu ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Chiho Mashimo ◽  
Hugo Maruyama ◽  
Kosuke Kashiwagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Tetrazolium Salt ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
Α Diversity

The deterioration of human oral microbiota is known to not only cause oral diseases but also to affect systemic health. Various environmental factors are thought to influence the disruption and restoration of the oral ecosystem. In this study, we focused on the effect of nitric oxide (NO) produced by denitrification and NO synthase enzymes on dental plaque microbiota. Interdental plaques collected from 10 subjects were exposed to NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and then cultured in a specialized growth medium. Depending on the concentration of exposed SNP, a decrease in α-diversity and a continuous change in β-diversity in the dental plaque community were shown by sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA genes. We also identified eight operational taxonomic units that were significantly altered by NO exposure. Among them, the exposure of NO donors to Fusobacterium nucleatum cells showed a decrease in survival rate consistent with the results of microbiota analysis. Meanwhile, in addition to NO tolerance, an increase in the tetrazolium salt-reducing activity of Campylobacter concisus cells was confirmed by exposure to SNP. This study provides an overview of how oral plaque microbiota shifts with exposure to NO and may contribute to the development of a method for adjusting the balance of the oral microbiome.

scholarly journals Proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics and 16S DNA sequencing of dental plaque from patients with diabetes and periodontal disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine A. Overmyer ◽  
Timothy W. Rhoads ◽  
Anna E Merrill ◽  
Zhan Ye ◽  
Michael S. Westphall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

AbstractOral microbiome influences human health, specifically pre- and type 2 diabetes (Pre-DM/DM) and periodontal diseases (PD), through complex microbial interactions. To explore these relations, we performed 16S rDNA sequencing, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics analyses on supragingival dental plaque collected from individuals with Pre-DM/DM (n=39), Pre-DM/DM and PD (n=37), PD alone (n=11), or neither (n=10). We identified on average 2,790 operational taxonomic units and 2,025 microbial and host proteins per sample and quantified 110 metabolites and 415 lipids. Plaque samples from Pre-DM/DM patients contained higher abundance of Fusobacterium and Tannerella vs. plaques from metabolically healthy. Phosphatidylcholines, plasmenyl-phosphatidylcholines, ceramides containing non-OH fatty acids, and host proteins related to actin filament rearrangement were elevated in plaques from PD vs. non-PD. Cross-omic correlation analysis enabled the detection of a strong association between Lautropia and mono-methyl phophospotidlyethanolamine (PE-NMe), striking because synthesis of PE-NMe is uncommon in oral bacteria. Lipidomics analysis of in vitro cultures of Lautropia mirabilis confirmed the bacteria’s synthesis of PE-NMe. This comprehensive analysis revealed a novel microbial metabolic pathway and significant associations of host-derived proteins with PD.

scholarly journals Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with Deep-UV LED irradiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Inagaki ◽  
Akatsuki Saito ◽  
Hironobu Sugiyama ◽  
Tamaki Okabayashi ◽  
Shouichi Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Uv Led ◽  
Duv Led ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Led Irradiation

AbstractThe spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections worldwide has raised concerns about the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2. Devices that rapidly inactivate viruses can reduce the chance of infection through aerosols and contact transmission. This in vitro study demonstrated that irradiation with a deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) of 280 ±5 nm wavelength rapidly inactivates SARS-CoV-2 obtained from a COVID-19 patient. Development of devices equipped with DUV-LED is expected to prevent virus invasion through the air and after touching contaminated objects.

The High Potential of Ozone Gas to Inactivate Echinococcus granulosus Protoscoleces During Hydatid Cyst Surgery

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 708-712
Author(s):  
Hossein Mahmoudvand ◽  
Majid Fasihi Harandi ◽  
Massumeh Niazi ◽  
Abdolreza Rouientan ◽  
Fazel Mohammadi-Moghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Resistant Strains

Background: In medicine, ozone therapy is effectively used in a broad spectrum of diseases. Reviews have shown that ozone gas demonstrates potent antimicrobial effects against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, such as oral bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasite even in resistant strains. The present investigation was designed to assess the protoscolicidal effects of ozone gas on hydatid cysts protoscoleces in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Hydatid cyst protoscoleces were acquired from sheep livers that were slaughtered at Kerman slaughterhouse, Iran. The viability of protoscoleces was assessed by the eosin exclusion examination after exposure with ozone gas for 1 to 14 min in vitro and ex vivo. Results: In this study, in vitro assay showed that ozone gas at the concentration of 20 mg/L killed 85 and 100% of hydatid cyst protoscoleces after 4 and 6 min of treatment, respectively. However, in the ex vivo analysis, a longer time was needed to confirm a potent protoscolicidal activity such that ozone gas after an exposure time of 12 min, 100% of the protoscoleces were killed within the hydatid cyst. Conclusion: : In conclusion, the findings of the present study showed that ozone gas at low concentrations (20 mg/L) and short times (4-6 min) might be used as a novel protoscolicidal drug for use in hydatid cyst surgery. However, more clinical surveys are required to discover the precise biological activity of ozone gas in animal and human subjects.

scholarly journals In vitro Increased Respiratory Activity of Selected Oral Bacteria May Explain Competitive and Collaborative Interactions in the Oral Microbiome

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Hernandez-Sanabria ◽  
Vera Slomka ◽  
Esteban R. Herrero ◽  
Frederiek-Maarten Kerckhof ◽  
Lynette Zaidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Activity ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Collaborative Interactions

scholarly journals Gut/Oral Bacteria Variability May Explain the High Efficacy of Green Tea in Rodent Tumor Inhibition and Its Absence in Humans

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4753
Author(s):  
Guy R. Adami ◽  
Christy Tangney ◽  
Joel L. Schwartz ◽  
Kim Chi Dang
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Tissue Response ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Epithelium ◽  
And Function ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Selection Of

Consumption of green tea (GT) and GT polyphenols has prevented a range of cancers in rodents but has had mixed results in humans. Human subjects who drank GT for weeks showed changes in oral microbiome. However, GT-induced changes in RNA in oral epithelium were subject-specific, suggesting GT-induced changes of the oral epithelium occurred but differed across individuals. In contrast, studies in rodents consuming GT polyphenols revealed obvious changes in epithelial gene expression. GT polyphenols are poorly absorbed by digestive tract epithelium. Their metabolism by gut/oral microbial enzymes occurs and can alter absorption and function of these molecules and thus their bioactivity. This might explain the overall lack of consistency in oral epithelium RNA expression changes seen in human subjects who consumed GT. Each human has different gut/oral microbiomes, so they may have different levels of polyphenol-metabolizing bacteria. We speculate the similar gut/oral microbiomes in, for example, mice housed together are responsible for the minimal variance observed in tissue GT responses within a study. The consistency of the tissue response to GT within a rodent study eases the selection of a dose level that affects tumor rates. This leads to the theory that determination of optimal GT doses in a human requires knowledge about the gut/oral microbiome in that human.

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