scholarly journals Colonization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among Medical Students in Tertiary Institution in Central Malaysia

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 382
Author(s):  
Sanjiv Rampal ◽  
Nur Hidayah Zainuddin ◽  
Nur Athirah Elias ◽  
Tengku Zetty Maztura Tengku Jamaluddin ◽  
Sandra Maniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or MRSA infection is virulent and presents with a broad spectrum of severity. Limited regional reports that specifically outlined the potential risk of medical students being part of the dissemination of MRSA in healthcare settings were noted. This study aims to assess the prevalence and contributory factors of colonization of MRSA on neckties, headscarves, and ID badges among medical students in a local medical university in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 256 medical students. A validated questionnaire was used to collect the data, and sample swabs were collected between July and August 2013 by swabbing neckties, headscarves, or identification badges. The swabs were then streaked onto mannitol salt agar (MSA) and incubated at 37 °C overnight. Out of 433 samples taken, 40 swabs (9.24%) were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Out of the 40 swabs, five (12.5%) isolates were MRSA (one culture was isolated from the headscarf of a preclinical student, one culture was isolated from the necktie of clinical students, while the remaining three were isolated from identification badges of clinical students. There was no significant association between age, gender, ethnicity, and phase of medical students with the colonization of MRSA (p > 0.05). There was a significant association between knowledge score on hand hygiene practice and phase of medical students. MRSA colonies were present on neckties, headscarves, and identification badges of medical students of all phases. The findings from this study suggest the need for improvement of hand hygiene knowledge and discontinuity of mandatory use of physical ID badges and neckties among medical students.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Nasal Passage among Medical and Non-Medical Students at Al-Jouf University

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Nojood Rheel Al-rawily ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasal Passage ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Test Sensitivity

This study aimed to compare the occurrence of potentially nasal Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) of both female medical students and non-medical students at Al-Jouf University and its resistance & sensitivity of methicillin antibiotic. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 females’ volunteers. Students including 15 medical students and 15 non-medical students. Specimens were taken from the subjects by a sterile moistened swab, which inserted into each nostril in turn, to a depth of approximately 1 cm, and rotated five times. Then the specimens were subjected to bacteriological examination, isolated S. aureus were subjected for further identification by biochemical tests. Then methicillin antibiotic test sensitivity and resistant were performed on isolates. We found that S. aureus in both samples medical and non-medical with 60% ,and methicillin resistant S. aureus in each samples medical and non-medical with 66.7% as Statistical analysis demonstrated.

scholarly journals Nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among medical students of Belgrade University

2013 ◽  
Vol 141 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 349-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Cirkovic ◽  
Slobodanka Djukic ◽  
Dragana Vukovic ◽  
Goran Stevanovic ◽  
Milena Svabic-Vlahovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sccmec Type ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Phenotypic Characteristics ◽  
Carriage Rate ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Strains

Introduction Infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) present the growing problem in the whole world. Carriage of MRSA is most frequent in the nose, and medical students come in contact both with patients and different persons in the community. Therefore, they may be significant for the transmission of MRSA from hospitals to out- of-hospital communities and vice versa. Objective. The aim of this study was to establish the carriage rate among students of the second, third and fourth year of study at the School of Medicine in Belgrade and to analyze their genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Methods. In total 533 nasal samples were taken. The samples were incubated in Trypcase-soy broth supplemented with 6.5% NaCl, and thereafter the swabs were inoculated on mannitol salt agar supplemented with 2 ?g/mL of oxacillin. The presence of nuc, mecA and Panton-Valentine leukocidin genes was examined by PCR. The characteristics of the MRSA strains were determined using: antibiotic susceptibility testing by Vitek2 System, SCCmec, agr typing and MLST. Results. MRSA was isolated from two of 533 investigated samples (0.37%). MRSA were isolated from the students of the second and third year of study. Profiles of strains were: ST80 (SCCmec type IV, agr type 3) and ST152 (SCCmec type V, agr type 1). MRSA strains were multiresistant. Conclusion. The nasal carriage rate of MRSA in population of medical students of the first year of study in Belgrade is low. Genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MRSA strains indicate their community origin. MLST typing revealed that isolates belong to ST80 and ST152.

scholarly journals Panton Valentine Gene in both Community-acquired and Healthcare-acquired Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Ain Shams University Hospitals

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Mohamed ◽  
L F Fathi ◽  
N N Salaheldeen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Abstract Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogen that is associated with both hospital and community infections. Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is an important virulence factor of S. aureus that is considered by many authors a marker of community acquired MRSA (CA-MRSA). Aim of the Work This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PVL genes among healthcare acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) and CA-MRSA isolates, and to test the hypothesis that PVL is a reliable marker of CA-MRSA isolates. Material and Methods This comparative cross-sectional study was done on fifteen community acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) and fifteen hospital acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA), obtained from patients attending outpatient clinics, presenting with community-acquired pyogenic infections and patients with healthcare acquired pyogenic infections in Intensive Care Units (ICUs), during the period from May 2017 till February 2018. Clinical specimens included pus and different body fluids. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated and identified using conventional microbiological methods3. Isolates were then tested for methicillin resistance by culture on mannitol salt agar (MSA) with cefoxitin4. The presence of mecA and pvl genes in all MRSA isolates was subsequently detected by PCR5,6. Results Among 15 HA-MRSA isolates, mecA gene was positive in 40% (6/15) of isolates, while pvl gene was positive in 53.3% (8/15) of isolates. Among 15 CA-MRSA isolates, mecA gene was positive in 46.7% (7/15) of isolates, while pvl gene was positive in 26.7% (4/15) of isolates. Conclusion We conclude that pvl gene is not a sole genetic marker for diagnosis CA-MRSA, as there was no significant correlation between mecA that encodes for methicillin resistance and pvl genes among fifteen CA-MRSA isolates (P value =1).

Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage in Medical Students of Universiti Teknologi MARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaini Mohd Zain ◽  
Muhammad Fikri Johari ◽  
Nurul Shahirah Mohd Husin ◽  
Nurul Syamimi Rozman ◽  
Athirah Ab Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Tissue Necrosis ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Panton Valentine Leukocidin

Introduction: To determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal carriage and detection of S. aureus leukotoxins among medical students of Universiti Teknologi MARA. Methods: Both sides of the anterior nares of 136 volunteers, comprising 68 preclinical and 68 clinical medical students, were swabbed and immediately cultured onto mannitol salt agar for growth of S. aureus. Standard microbiological techniques were conducted to identify and confirm the S. aureus colonies and susceptibility test against oxacillin were conducted by using Kirby-Bauer method to determine their resistance to methicillin. Polymerase chain reaction was performed for detection of leukotoxins, i.e., Panton-Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) and -haemolysin genes. Results: Nineteen students (14%) consisting of 10 preclinical (14.7%) and 9 clinical (13.2%) were nasal carriers of S. aureus. However, none of the S. aureus isolates were MRSA. No PVL gene was detected but eight of them were positive for -haemolysin gene. Conclusion: There were no MRSA nasal carriers among the medical students, but a low prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriers was detected. These carriers do not pose as high risk because none of the strains of S. aureus possess both the -haemolysin toxin and the PVL toxin that are associated with tissue necrosis.

scholarly journals Detection of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Dairy Products and Anterior Nares of Dairy Workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
Ranjana K.C. ◽  
Ganga Timilsina ◽  
Anjana Singh ◽  
Supriya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Dairy Workers

Objectives: To isolate methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from anterior nares of dairy workers and dairy products and assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Methods: Swab samples collected from anterior nares of dairy workers and dairy product (butter) were inoculated into mannitol salt agar and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Identification was done based on colony characteristics, Gram's staining, catalase, oxidase and coagulase test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA was confirmed by using cefoxitin disc. Results: A total of 109 S. aureus (98 from dairy workers and 11 from butter samples) were isolated. Out of them 32 MRSA were isolated from dairy workers and 4 from butter samples. The association between age group and MRSA was found insignificant (p = 0.115). The association of MRSA between male and female workers was found significant (>0.05). About 86% of the MRSA isolates were susceptible to Gentamicin (86.11%) followed by Ciprofloxacin (77.78%). Conclusion: Detection of MRSA among dairy workers and dairy products warrants proper handling and adequate control measures to prevent transmission of MRSA from dairy industry.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus on Paper Currency Notes

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Rikhi Ram Marasini ◽  
Pratikshya Shrestha ◽  
Prabhat Dhakal ◽  
Sukra Raj Shrestha ◽  
Sirjana Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Paper Currency ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Hygiene Measures

The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in paper currency. The paper currencies in circulation in Pokhara Metropolitan City were inspected. Bills of various denominations (Rs 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 500 and 1000) were collected from five different locations; namely Food and Vegetable Shop, Bus conductor, Hospital Pharmacy, Butcher Shop and Grocery Shop. Collected sample were cultured and incubated for 24 hours at 37 oC in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Broth. The inoculums were further cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) and Blood Agar (BA) media to obtain colonies, which were examined and evaluated for various parameters like gram staining and biochemical tests for identification. Then, antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolates was performed using standard procedures. A total of 35 sample of paper currency were processed, all of which showed positive growth. Out of 86 total isolates, 21 (24.42%) were Staphylococcus aureus followed by Coagulase Negative Staphylococci 19 (22.09%), Diptheroids 14 (16.3%), Bacillus spp 13 (15.11%), Micrococci 9 (10.46%), Streptococcus pneumonia 4 (4.65%), Viridans Streptococcus 4 (4.65%) and Streptococcus pyogenes 2 (2.32%). The total prevalence of MRSA in this study was 7 (33.33%). Paper currency contaminated with MRSA poses a high threat to those handling the bills as well as the community. Thus, this study suggests proper hygiene measures to be adopted after handling of paper currency to minimize the risk of contamination and emergence of diseases.

scholarly journals Detection of mecA gene by latex agglutination and its molecular analysis by PCR in methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (07) ◽  
pp. 1363-1370
Author(s):  
Aneela Khawaja ◽  
Iffat Javed ◽  
Sohaila Mushtaq ◽  
Saeed Anwar ◽  
Faiqa Arshad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Agglutination Method ◽  
Resistant Strains

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a devastating question that is threatening the health globally. The extensive and indiscriminative use of antibiotics has evolved a notorious resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.  This resistance developed through possession of mecA gene, which codes for modified penicillin binding protein (PBP2a) and the emergent strain being labeled “methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus”. Conventional phenotypic techniques for detection of MRSA rely on standardization of cultural characteristics. The drawbacks of diagnostic error to report MRSA include: poor prognosis, expensive treatment, dissemination of multi-drug resistant strains and even treatment failure. Latex agglutination method can be adopted as a more accurate and quick strategy for rapid detection of methicillin resistance. Objectives: To compare detection of mecA gene in methicillin resistant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by latex agglutination and PCR; by assessing the sensitivity and specificity of both methods. Study Design: Descriptive Cross-Sectional study. Setting: Pathology Department, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore. Period: From January 2015 to December 2015; according to standard operating procedures at Microbiology laboratory. Material & Methods: A total 713 consecutive, non-duplicate isolates of Staphylococcus aureus were processed. Methicillin resistance was determined using cefoxitin (30mg) by Kirby-Bauer method using CLSI guideline (2016), latex agglutination method; and PCR for mecA gene. Results: The results showed that out of 713 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 92 (12.90%) isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and were labelled as MRSA. majority MRSA isolates recovered from pus (44.57%) and wound swab (20.65%), followed by blood (13.04%), fluid (8.70%), CSF (4.35%), CVP (3.26%), HVS (3.26%) and tracheal secretion (2.17%). By latex agglutination method, 87 (94.50%) were positive for PBP2a; while on PCR mecA gene was detected only in 82 (89.10%) MRSA isolates. When assessed with PCR (gold standard) the sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of latex agglutination was 100% and 94.57%, respectively. Conclusion: Latex agglutination test can be employed as rapid and reliable diagnostic technique in MRSA isolates for mecA gene detection, where resources for molecular methods are inadequate. This can effectually lessen the misdiagnosis of resistant strains, and over/ ill-use of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antibiotic resistance pattern of Staphylococcus aureus with reference to MRSA isolates from pediatric patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raja Ram Gurung ◽  
Prashanna Maharjan ◽  
Ganga GC
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Methicillin Resistant

Abstract Background: Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important superbugs distributed throughout the world. It causes minor skin infections to severe complications including nosocomial infections in both hospitals and community settings. These strains have multi-drug resistant property. Hence, they are difficult to manage which increase health-related costs and simultaneously intensifying the need for new antibiotics. The extent of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in children is largely unknown. The study determines the current status of S. aureus and MRSA causing various infections in pediatric patients visiting International Friendship Children’s Hospital (IFCH). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients visiting a hospital. Various clinical specimens were aseptically collected and processed according to standard microbiological procedures. Isolation and identification of S. aureus were done by microscopy, mannitol fermentation, and coagulase positivity. All identified S. aureus isolates subjected to in-vitro antibiogram by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique adopting Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guideline. Isolates resistant to cefoxitin were considered to be MRSA. Whereas, isolates produced D-shaped inhibition zone around clindamycin when kept near erythromycin were considered to be Inducible Clindamycin Resistant (ICR). Results: 672 various types of clinical samples were processed from the microbiology laboratory from June and November 2015. Out of 300 culture positive samples, 52 (17.3%) were S. aureus isolates, among them 39 (75.0%) were found to be MRSA. The D-test showed that Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin-B (MLSB) phenotype was 15.4%. Conclusion: The study shows the MRSA occurrence is prevalent in pediatric patients and newer classes’ drugs are found more effective than β-lactam drugs to treat S. aureus infection. However, restriction on the indiscriminate use of such drugs may be an effective strategy to control the drug resistance. Keywords: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLSB) phenotype, Inducible Clindamycin Resistant (ICR) test or D-zone test, Antibiotic resistance, Nepal

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document