scholarly journals Effects of Green Lettuce Leaf Extract on Sleep Disturbance Control in Oxidative Stress-Induced Invertebrate and Vertebrate Models

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 970
Author(s):  
Kyungae Jo ◽  
Singeun Kim ◽  
Yejin Ahn ◽  
Hyung Joo Suh
Keyword(s):  
Gabaa Receptor ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Vibration Stress

This study investigated the effect of ethanol-extracted green lettuce leaf (GLE) on sleep behavior in physical stress-induced invertebrate and vertebrate models. In Drosophila melanogaster, the group that experienced vibration stress showed decreased sleep time compared to the no-vibration-stress control group, but the GLE treatment group recovered this lost sleep time. The GLE group also recovered the gene expression of downregulated superoxide dismutase induced by vibration stress conditions. According to electroencephalography analysis of rats, non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep significantly decreased with a decrease in sleep time for the group in which immobilization stress was induced. In the GLE group (120 mg/kg), the change in sleep pattern caused by stress was restored, and NREM sleep increased by 68.8%, improving overall sleep quality. In addition, GLE upregulated the expression levels of oxidation-related factors and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor. Quercetin-3-glucuronide (Q3G) was evaluated as a sleep-promoting active substance contained in GLE using the pentobarbital-induced sleep test and showed the effect of prolonged sleep time. Q3G inhibited [3H]-flumazenil binding in a concentration-dependent manner with GLE. Taken together, the results indicate that GLE effectively binds to the GABAA receptor to promote sleep, demonstrating the potential of Q3G as an active substance.

scholarly journals Sequestration of erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA in BALB/c mice treated with goat bile

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Kartika Arum Wardani ◽  
Kholida Nur Aini ◽  
Heny Arwati ◽  
Willy Sandhika
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei Anka ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Bile Concentration

Abstract Sequestration of Plasmodium berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes occurs in BALB/c mice as characteristic of  Plasmodium falciparum infection in humans. Animals’ bile has been widely used for centuries in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Goat bile has been used in healing infectious and non-infectious diseases; however, no report on the use of goat bile against malaria infection and sequestration. The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between parasitemia and sequestration in the liver of P.berghei ANKA-infected BALB/c mice treated with goat bile. This research was an in vivo experimental study using the post-test control group design. The male BALB/c mice aged ± 6 weeks, body weight 20-25 g were used. The mice were divided into five groups where Group 1-3 were mice treated with goat bile 25%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. Group 4-5 were negative (sterile water) and positive controls (DHP). Parasitemia was observed daily from each mouse and the number of sequestered infected erythrocytes on the endothelium of sinusoids. The data were analyzed using t independent test. Antimalarial activity of goat bile was shown by the lower parasitemia in goat bile-treated mice compared with the negative control. The average number of sequestration was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. The higher the concentration, the lower the number of sequestration. Sequestration was correlated with parasitemia (p=0,0001). Sequestration of P.berghei ANKA-infected erythrocytes correlated with parasitemia, and was goat bile concentration-dependent manner. Keywords: Malaria, parasitemia, sequestration, goat bileCorrespondence: [email protected]

scholarly journals Relaxant effect of quercetin on rabbit isolated bladder smooth muscles contractions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Hassan Sadraei ◽  
Sabihe Tabesh
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Flavonoid Compound ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organ Bath ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Relaxant Effect

Introduction: Quercetin is a flavonoid compound found in many medicinal plants. Antispasmodic effect of quercetin has been reported in ileum and uterus smooth muscles but not in bladder. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate relaxant effect of quercetin in rabbit isolated bladder. Methods: Male rabbit was asphyxiated with carbon dioxide and then sacrificed. The whole bladder was dissected out and placed in oxygenated Tyrode’s solution. Isolated bladder was cut into longitudinal strips and placed in an organ bath for contraction studies. Contractions were induced with KCl (20mM), acetylcholine (5μM) and electrical field stimulation (EFS). Full inhibitory concentration–response curve was constructed for quercetin following addition of above spasmogens. Quercetin was added into the organ bath with 2 fold increments in concentration until maximum response was achieved. Nifedipine was used as positive control group and equivalent volume of quercetin vehicle (water + DMSO) was used as negative control group.Results: Quercetin (4 μg/mL to 640 μg/mL) in a concentration dependent manner inhibited isolated bladder strips contracted by KCl (IC50=159±25 μg/mL), acetylcholine (IC50=43±9.1 μg/mL) and EFS (IC50=38±9.3 μg/mL). In the highest used concentration, quercetin completely removed contractile responses to KCl, acetylcholine and electrical filed stimulation (EFS). Nifedipine totally inhibited KCl response (IC50=115±36 ng/mL) but only partially inhibited acetylcholine and EFS responses. Conclusion: These results confirm the relaxant effect of quercetin on rabbit bladder and if similar effects are seen in human studies, then quercetin would be a suitable drug candidate to be investigated for bladder incontinence.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Silymarin against Rapamycin-induced Apoptosis and Proliferation Inhibition in Endothelial Progenitor Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Guohua Han ◽  
Pei Gao ◽  
Kun Qiao ◽  
Yusheng Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor Cells ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Endothelial Progenitor ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Inhibition Of Proliferation ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Proliferation And Migration

For this study, peripheral blood samples were collected from human volunteers. Mononuclear cells (MNC) were separated by density centrifugation and were induced to differentiate into endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in vitro. Different concentrations of rapamycin and silymarin were introduced to the EPCs over 24 hours and then EPCs were analyzed for proliferation, migration, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Compared with the control group, rapamycin (1, 10, 100 ng/mL) inhibited the proliferation and migration of EPCs in a concentration dependent manner ( P<0.05). Silymarin (50, 100 μg/mL) enhanced the proliferation and migration of EPCs and inhibited apoptosis in a concentration dependent manner ( P<0.05). By adding rapamycin (1 ng/mL) and silymarin (25, 50, 100 μg/mL) over 24 hours, silymarin inhibited the pro-apoptotic effect of rapamycin on EPCs, and reversed the inhibition of proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of EPCs by rapamycin ( P<0.05).

Allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors in acutely dissociated neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (6) ◽  
pp. C1726-C1734 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shimura ◽  
N. Harata ◽  
M. Tamai ◽  
N. Akaike
Keyword(s):  
Gabaa Receptor ◽  
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus ◽  
Gabaa Receptors ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Equilibrium Potential ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Gabaa Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Inward Currents ◽  
Concentration Response Curve

The gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-induced response was investigated in acutely dissociated suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) neurons of 11- to 14-day-old rats, under the voltage-clamp condition of nystatin-perforated patch recording. At a holding potential of -40 mV, application of GABA induced inward currents in a concentration-dependent manner. Pentobarbital and 5 beta-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one (pregnanolone) similarly induced inward currents. GABA-induced inward currents were suppressed in a concentration-dependent manner by pretreating neurons with a GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline. Bicuculline (3 x 10(-6) M) shifted the concentration-response curve of GABA to the left in a competitive manner. Reversal potential of the GABA response (EGABA) was -3.4 +/- 0.7 mV, close to the theoretical Cl- equilibrium potential of -4.1 mV. Pretreating SCN neurons with diazepam, pentobarbital, and pregnanolone enhanced the 3 x 10(-6) M GABA response. Diazepam (3 x 10(-8) M), pentobarbital (3 x 10(-5) M), and pregnanolone (10(-7) M) shifted the concentration-response curve of GABA to the left without changing the maximal amplitude of GABA responses. EGABA in the presence of diazepam, pentobarbital, or pregnanolone was the same as that in their absence. These results show that the GABA response in acutely dissociated SCN neurons is mediated by the GABAA receptor. Because the GABAA receptor of SCN neurons is allosterically augmented by diazepam, pentobarbital, and pregnanolone, similarly as in other regions of the central nervous system, the present study opens up ways to functionally modulate the GABAA receptors in SCN.

scholarly journals Emotion dysregulation in idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Sun Jun ◽  
Ryul Kim ◽  
Hye-Min Jung ◽  
Jung-Ick Byun ◽  
Jin Myoung Seok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cognitive Emotion Regulation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Korean Version

Abstract Study Objectives To characterize emotion regulation strategies in patients with idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) and to explore whether these strategies are associated with clinical symptoms. Methods In this cross-sectional multicenter study, a total of 94 polysomnography-confirmed iRBD patients (mean age, 67.6 years; men, 56%) and 50 healthy controls (mean age, 65.4 years; men, 48%) completed the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ), the Korean version of the RBD questionnaire-Hong Kong (RBDQ-KR), the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory (BDHI), the second edition of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA-K). Results The iRBD group had lower CERQ adaptive scores than the control group, whereas the CERQ maladaptive scores were not significantly different between the groups. Among the CERQ adaptive subscales, the scores for positive refocusing, refocusing on planning, and positive reappraisal were significantly lower in the iRBD group than in the control group. Higher CERQ adaptive scores were correlated with lower scores on RBDQ-KR factor 1 (dream-related) and the BDI-II and higher MoCA-K scores but were not correlated with RBDQ-KR factor 2 (behavioral manifestation) or BDHI scores. Among the dream content-related items of RBDQ-KR factor 1, the CERQ adaptive score was associated only with frequent nightmares. No correlation was found between CERQ maladaptive scores and any variable except for a positive correlation with BDI-II scores. Conclusions Our results provide evidence of emotion regulation deficits in iRBD patients. Furthermore, these results were linked to dream-related factors, especially nightmares, along with depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals 0789 Decreased Sigma Band Power During NREM Sleep in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A300-A300
Author(s):  
Y Lee ◽  
B Lee
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Band Power ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

Abstract Introduction REM sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is characterized by dream enacting behaviors and a loss of atonia during REM sleep. Early detection of RBD is important because it is considered premonitory symptoms neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we investigated the slow and fast sigma band power of patients with RBD using frequency analysis. Methods Twenty patients who were diagnosed as RBD according to the ICSD-3 criteria and 20 age-matched controls who underwent polysomnography (PSG) for other sleep disorders (insomnia, snoring) and showed normal to mild obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). NREM sleep EEG data was extracted and N1 sleep data was excluded to minimize arousal artifact. Fast Fourier transform-based spectral power analysis was used to compute the power spectral densities of the EEG in the MATLAB environment. The sigma bands were divided into 2 discrete bands: slow sigma (11 to 13 Hz) and- fast sigma (13 to 15 Hz). Mann-Whitney U test by SPSS was used. Results RBD patients (61.9 ± 7.1 years old; 12 men) had a significantly lower sigma band power than the control group (61.5 ± 1.1 years old; 11 men) in central region (p = 0.028). Particularly, the slow sigma band power showed a bigger difference in all regions except O1 (F3 = 0.017, F4 = 0.027, C3 = 0.004, C4 = 0.009, O2 = 0.017). Conclusion Sigma power was lower in the RBD patients than in the control. It suggests that RBD has impaired cortical activity. Thus, decreased spindle activity during NREM sleep may be a potential biomarker of RBD. Support  

scholarly journals Functional Divergence of Mammalian TFAP2a and TFAP2b Transcription Factors for Bidirectional Sleep Control

Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-752
Author(s):  
Yang Hu ◽  
Alejandra Korovaichuk ◽  
Mariana Astiz ◽  
Henning Schroeder ◽  
Rezaul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Functional Divergence ◽  
Nrem Sleep ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Quiet Sleep ◽  
Sleep Behavior ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Sleep Control

Sleep is a conserved behavioral state. Invertebrates typically show quiet sleep, whereas in mammals, sleep consists of periods of nonrapid-eye-movement sleep (NREMS) and REM sleep (REMS). We previously found that the transcription factor AP-2 promotes sleep in Caenorhabditiselegans and Drosophila. In mammals, several paralogous AP-2 transcription factors exist. Sleep-controlling genes are often conserved. However, little is known about how sleep genes evolved from controlling simpler types of sleep to govern complex mammalian sleep. Here, we studied the roles of Tfap2a and Tfap2b in sleep control in mice. Consistent with our results from C. elegans and Drosophila, the AP-2 transcription factors Tfap2a and Tfap2b also control sleep in mice. Surprisingly, however, the two AP-2 paralogs play contrary roles in sleep control. Tfap2a reduction of function causes stronger delta and theta power in both baseline and homeostasis analysis, thus indicating increased sleep quality, but did not affect sleep quantity. By contrast, Tfap2b reduction of function decreased NREM sleep time specifically during the dark phase, reduced NREMS and REMS power, and caused a weaker response to sleep deprivation. Consistent with the observed signatures of decreased sleep quality, stress resistance and memory were impaired in Tfap2b mutant animals. Also, the circadian period was slightly shortened. Taken together, AP-2 transcription factors control sleep behavior also in mice, but the role of the AP-2 genes functionally diversified to allow for a bidirectional control of sleep quality. Divergence of AP-2 transcription factors might perhaps have supported the evolution of more complex types of sleep.

scholarly journals Protective Activity of Aspirin Eugenol Ester on Paraquat-Induced Cell Damage in SH-SY5Y Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Zhen-Dong Zhang ◽  
Ya-Jun Yang ◽  
Zhe Qin ◽  
Xi-Wang Liu ◽  
Shi-Hong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Neuroblastoma ◽  
Aspirin Eugenol Ester

Aspirin eugenol ester (AEE) is a new pharmaceutical compound esterified by aspirin and eugenol, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other pharmacological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of AEE on paraquat- (PQ-) induced cell damage of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells and its potential molecular mechanism. There was no significant change in cell viability when AEE was used alone. PQ treatment reduced cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. However, AEE reduced the PQ-induced loss of cell viability. Flow cytometry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and 4 ′ 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining were used to evaluate cell apoptosis. Compared with the PQ group, AEE pretreatment could significantly inhibit PQ-induced cell damage. AEE pretreatment could reduce the cell damage of SH-SY5Y cells induced by PQ via reducing superoxide anion, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) and increasing the levels of mitochondrial membrane potential ( Δ Ψ m ). At the same time, AEE could increase the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decrease the activity of malondialdehyde (MDA). The results showed that compared with the control group, the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and Bcl-2 was significantly decreased, while the expression of caspase-3 and Bax was significantly increased in the PQ group. In the AEE group, AEE pretreatment could upregulate the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt, and Bcl-2 and downregulate the expression of caspase-3 and Bax in SH-SY5Y cells. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and the silencing of PI3K by shRNA could weaken the protective effect of AEE on PQ-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, AEE has a protective effect on PQ-induced SH-SY5Y cells by regulating the PI3K/Akt signal pathway to inhibit oxidative stress.

Anti-Proliferative Efficacy of Icariin on HepG2 Hepatoma and Its Possible Mechanism of Action

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (06) ◽  
pp. 1153-1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Xia Yang ◽  
Iduna Fichtner ◽  
Monika Becker ◽  
Margit Lemm ◽  
Xue-Mei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Anticancer Efficacy ◽  
Cd8 Cells

The aim of the present work was to explore the anti-hepatoma effects of icariin both in vitro and in vivo and to elucidate its potential mechanism of action. The MTT assay was applied to test the anti-proliferative effects of icariin in vitro. HepG2 bearing NMRI nu/nu mice were used to test the anticancer effects of icariin in vivo. Immunohistochemical assay and flow cytometry assay (FACS) were applied to detect the possible mechanisms of action of icariin. MTT assay illustrated that icariin inhibited the proliferation of HepG2 cells in a concentration dependent manner; meanwhile, icariin inhibited the tumor growth in HepG2 bearing NMRI nu/nu mice. The tumor weight was inhibited by 55.6% and tumor volume was inhibited by 47.2%. Icariin did not influence the spleen and body weights or blood parameters. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that the expressions of both CD31 and Ki67 in the icariin treated group were significantly lower than those in the control group (p < 0.01). FACS assay showed that icariin dramatically decreased the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ cells in bone marrow and CD19+ cells in blood on day 8. On day 17, the percentage of CD8+ cells in blood was lower than those in the control group. CD4/CD8 ratio in icariin group was significantly elevated in bone marrow on day 17. Icariin showed anticancer efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. The possible mechanism of action could be related to its anti-angiogenesis and anti-proliferative effects in tumors.

Quinolones and fenbufen interact with GABAA receptor in dissociated hippocampal cells of rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Akaike ◽  
T. Shirasaki ◽  
T. Yakushiji
Keyword(s):  
Gabaa Receptor ◽  
Pyramidal Neurons ◽  
Equilibrium Potential ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Patch Clamp Technique ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Quinolone Antibiotics ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

1. Interaction of quinolone antibiotics and the anti-inflammatory agent fenbufen with the gamma-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) receptor-chloride channel complex in pyramidal neurons freshly dissociated from the hippocampal CA1 region of the rats was investigated in whole-cell mode, using the patch-clamp technique under voltage-clamp conditions. 2. Quinolones in clinical doses had no effects on the GABA-gated Cl- current (ICl) but slightly suppressed the response at concentrations greater than 10(-5) M. A metabolite of fenbufen, 4-biphenylacetic acid (BPA), also had little effect on the GABA response at therapeutic concentrations. 3. Coadministration of one of quinolones and BPA suppressed the GABA-gated ICl with increase in each of them in a concentration-dependent manner, and there was a parallel shift of the concentration-response curve for GABA to the right but with no effect on the maximum response, thereby indicating a competitive antagonism. The inhibitory potency of antibiotics in combination with BPA was in the order of norfloxacin much greater than enoxacin greater than cyprofloxacin greater than pipemidic acid much greater than ofloxacin greater than cinoxacin = piromidic acid = nalidixic acid = 0. 4. Norfloxacin and BPA, administered simultaneously, also strongly suppressed pentobarbital sodium (PB)-gated ICl, but they did not act on benzodiazepine (BZP) receptors. 5. Both GABA- and PB-induced ICls reversed at the Cl- equilibrium potential (ECl). In the presence of BPA, the quinolone-induced inhibition of GABA-gated ICls showed no voltage dependence. 6. It was concluded that, in the presence of an anti-inflammatory agent, the quinolone antibiotics decrease the affinity of GABAA receptors, the result being induction of epileptogenic neurotoxicities.

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