Dietary Arginine Supplementation Improves Intestinal Mitochondrial Functions in Low-Birth-Weight Piglets but Not in Normal-Birth-Weight Piglets

Our previous studies revealed that L-arginine supplementation had beneficial effects on intestinal barrier functions of low-birth-weight (LBW) piglets, which were associated with the enhanced antioxidant capacity. Moreover, mitochondrial functions are closely related to the redox state. This study was to explore potential mechanisms of L-arginine-induced beneficial effects against intestinal dysfunction by regulating mitochondrial function of LBW piglets. Twenty 4-day-old normal birth weight (NBW) piglets (BW: 2.08 ± 0.09 kg) and 20 LBW siblings (BW: 1.16 ± 0.07 kg) were artificially fed either a basal diet or a basal diet supplemented with 1.0% L-arginine for 21 d, respectively. Growth performance, intestinal morphology, redox status, mitochondrial morphology, and mitochondrial functions were examined. Data were subjected to two-way analysis of variance. LBW piglets presented lower (p < 0.05) ADG, shorter (p < 0.05) intestinal villus height, lower (p < 0.05) jejunal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content and higher (p < 0.05) concentrations of Ca2+ and 8-OH-dG in jejunal mitochondria, compared with NBW piglets. Supplementation with 1.0% L-arginine significantly increased (p < 0.05) ADG, the activities of CAT, SOD, and GPx, intestinal villus height and mRNA abundances of ZO-1 (2-fold) in the jejunum of LBW piglets, but not in NBW piglets. Furthermore, the concentrations of ATP and the transcription of COX IV, COX V genes were up-regulated (p < 0.05) and the concentration of Ca2+ and 8-OH-dG were decreased (p < 0.05) in arginine-treated LBW piglets. The results suggest that mitochondrial morphology is affected, and mitochondrial functions are impaired in the jejunum of LBW piglets. While supplementation with 1.0% L-arginine relieved intestinal dysfunction through enhancing antioxidant capacity and improving mitochondrial functions via repairing mitochondrial morphology, normalizing mitochondrial calcium, and increasing ATP concentration in the jejunum of LBW piglets. However, supplementation with L-arginine has no significant beneficial effects on intestinal health in NBW piglets.

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Berat Badan, Panjang Badan dan Faktor Genetik sebagai Prediktor Terjadinya Stunted pada Anak Sekolah

JURNAL NUTRISIA ◽

10.29238/jnutri.v19i2.257 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

Hetriana Leksananingsih ◽

Slamet Iskandar ◽

Tri Siswati

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

School Children ◽

Genetic Factors ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Chi Square ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Riskesdas in 2013 showed that Yogyakarta (DIY) had a prevalence of stunted new kid in school is less than the national average, which is 14.9% (MOH, 2013). Stunted or short, is a linear growth retardation has been widely used as an indicator to measure the nutritional status of individuals and community groups. Stunted can be influenced by several factors: birth weight, birth length match and genetic factors. Objective: To determine the weight, length of low birth weight and genetic factors as predictors of the occurrence of stunted on elementary school children. Methods: The study was a case control analytic. Research sites in SD Muhammadiyah Ngijon 1 Subdistrict Moyudan. The study was conducted in May and June 2015. The subjects were school children grade 1 to grade 5 the number of cases as many as 47 children and 94 control children. With the inclusion criteria of research subjects willing to become respondents, was present at the time of the study, they have a father and mother, and exclusion criteria have no data BB and PB birth, can not stand upright. The research variables are BBL, PBL, genetic factors and TB / U at this time. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and Odd Ratio (OR) calculation. Results: In case group as much as 91.5% of normal birth weight and length of 80.9% of normal birth weight, most of the height of a normal mother and father as many as 85.1%. In the control group as much as 78.7% of normal birth weight and 61.7% were born normal body length, height mostly normal mom and dad that 96.7% of women and 90.4% normal normal father. Statistical test result is no significant correlation between height mothers with stunted incidence in school children, and the results of chi-square test P = 0.026 with value Odd Ratio (OR) of 3.9 and a range of values from 1.091 to 14.214 Cl95%. Conclusion: High maternal body of mothers can be used as predictors of the occurrence of stunted school children and mothers with stunted nutritional status have 3.9 times the risk of having children with stunted nutritional status.

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Antioxidant Levels in Cord Blood of Term Low Birth Weight Neonates Requiring Delivery Room Resuscitation

Journal of Neonatology ◽

10.1177/0973217921991402 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097321792199140

Author(s):

Rimjhim Sonowal ◽

Anamika Jain ◽

V. Bhargava ◽

H.D. Khanna ◽

Ashok Kumar

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Cord Blood ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Study Groups ◽

Delivery Room ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Major Congenital Malformations

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of various antioxidants, namely, vitamin A and E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the cord blood of term low birth weight (LBW) neonates who required delivery room resuscitation (DRR). Materials and Methods: This case control study included 37 term LBW neonates who needed DRR as cases and 44 term neonates as controls (15 term LBW and 29 term normal birth weight) who did not require resuscitation at birth. Neonates suffering from major congenital malformations, infection, or hemolytic disease were excluded. Standard methods were used to measure the levels of vitamin A, vitamin E, SOD, catalase, and GPx levels in the cord blood. Results: Vitamin A and E levels were significantly low in cases compared to term LBW controls as well as term normal birth weight controls. Levels of SOD, GPx, and catalase were comparable in different study groups. Conclusion: Our study shows that term LBW neonates requiring DRR had significantly low levels of vitamin A and E in their cord blood. This might compromise their ability to tolerate oxidative stress during DRR.

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Full-term low birth weight infants have differentially hypermethylated DNA related to immune system and organ growth: a comparison with full-term normal birth weight infants

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-020-04961-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ikuyo Hayashi ◽

Ken Yamaguchi ◽

Masahiro Sumitomo ◽

Kenji Takakura ◽

Narumi Nagai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Full Term ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Low Birth Weight Infants ◽

Organ Growth ◽

Normal Birth

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Serum somatomedin-C and bioassayable growth-promoting activity (thymidine activity) in appropriate and small-for-gestational-age human newborns

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1100032 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 110 (1) ◽

pp. 32-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. Thiériot-Prévost ◽

F. Daffos ◽

F. Forestier

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Thymidine Incorporation ◽

Serum Transferrin ◽

Normal Birth Weight ◽

Somatomedin C ◽

Activated Lymphocytes ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Foetal Growth ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Human Foetuses

Abstract. The serum level of radioimmunoassayable somatomedin-C and the bioassayable growth-promoting activity evaluated by the stimulating effect of serum upon thymidine incorporation into activated lymphocytes have been measured in the blood of term human foetuses. Comparison between those with a low birth weight and those with normal birth weight has shown that small-forgestational-age subjects have lower somatomedin-C (0.31 ± 0.03 vs 0.52 ± 0.03) and thymidine activity (1.03 ± 0.11 vs 1.50 ± 0.07) (P< 0.001). A positive correlation between somatomedin and thymidine activity was found. There was no difference in serum transferrin levels between both groups. It is suggested that somatomedin, and probably other growth-promoting factors measured by the thymidine bioassay, play a role in regulation of the foetal growth.

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