scholarly journals Miniaturized PIFA for 5G Communication Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Antenna Gain ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
5G Communication ◽  
Internal Antenna

This paper designed a miniaturized Planar Inverted-F Antenna for 5G communication networks, including Long-Term Evolution Advanced mobile communication services. By showing the radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio, and antenna gain of the designed Planar Inverted-F Antenna, this paper evaluates its performance. To show the key characteristics of the Planar Inverted-F Antenna, this paper modeled and simulated it with various variances. Moreover, the real Planar Inverted-F Antenna was fabricated and measurements were done to validate the simulated characteristics of the internal antenna.

scholarly journals Miniaturized PIFA for 5G Communication Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Antenna Gain ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
5G Communication ◽  
Internal Antenna

This paper designed a miniaturized Planer Inverted-F Antenna for 5G communication networks including Long Term Evolution Advanced mobile communication services. With showing the radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio, and antenna gain of the designed Planer Inverted-F Antenna, this paper evaluates its performance. To show the key characteristics of the Planer Inverted-F Antenna, this paper modeled and simulated it with various variances. Moreover, the real Planer Inverted-F Antenna is fabricated, and measurements were done to validate the simulated characteristics of the internal antenna.

The Long-Term Trend toward Increased Dispersion in the Distributions of City Sizes

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1725-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M Roehner
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
City Size ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Spatial Decomposition ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Major Occupation

City-size distributions follow a Pareto distribution, a property which is also known as the rank-size rule. Yet very different Pareto powers, α, are to be observed, ranging from 0.5 to 2. In this paper two complementary models are proposed to relate observed values of α to basic economic phenomena. In the first, the interdependence between cities and their economic environment is analysed. It is therefore a spatial model in which production, transportation, and land productivities are the pertinent variables. In the second model the economic evolution taking place inside cities is analysed. This involves the population of major occupation groups as significant variables. Historical data are presented showing that improved communication networks and economic progress result in decreasing values of α. Both models account for this long-term evolution. It is known, however, that in some areas the distribution of city sizes does not follow the rank-size rule. It is shown that a better understanding of such distributions can be obtained from a spatial decomposition of city-size distributions.

On a Way to the Self-Optimizing LTE Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 618 ◽  
pp. 538-542
Author(s):  
Albert Asmaryan ◽  
Irina Borovik
Keyword(s):  
Load Balancing ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Figure Of Merit ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Load Balancing Algorithm

Main achievements in load balancing algorithm in a long-term-evolution (LTE) mobile communication system are presented. As result a self-optimizing system, that could be implement in the real networks. Basic target functions, such as the signal-to-noise ratio distribution, bit error rate, energy efficiency are derived as a figure of merit. The framework is exemplified by basic investigations on load balancing technology.

scholarly journals Seven Challenges for Communication in Modern Railway Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Yaacoub ◽  
Ahmad Alsharoa ◽  
Hakim Ghazzai ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Lte Advanced ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Mobile Relays

To meet the increasing demands for passenger data rates, modern railway communication networks face significant challenges. The advent of 5G communications after the long-term evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems provides several technological advances to address these challenges. In this paper, after reviewing the main 5G communication aspects for modern railways, we describe seven main challenges faced by train connectivity, and discuss appropriate solutions. Specifically, we elaborate on techniques for ensuring connectivity and energy efficiency for the passengers' user equipment (UE) through the use of mobile relays (MRs) on top of the train wagons in conjunction with intelligent resource allocation.

scholarly journals Key performance requirement of future next wireless networks (6G)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3249-3255
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. A. Solyman ◽  
Khalid Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Research Application ◽  
Performance Requirement ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Broad Overview

Given the massive potentials of 5G communication networks and their foreseeable evolution, what should there be in 6G that is not in 5G or its long-term evolution? 6G communication networks are estimated to integrate the terrestrial, aerial, and maritime communications into a forceful network which would be faster, more reliable, and can support a massive number of devices with ultra-low latency requirements. This article presents a complete overview of potential 6G communication networks. The major contribution of this study is to present a broad overview of key performance indicators (KPIs) of 6G networks that cover the latest manufacturing progress in the environment of the principal areas of research application, and challenges.

scholarly journals Cloud based Convergent Unrestricted Mobile Communication Assistance via Evolutionary Adaptive Ad hoc Strategies for Disaster Relief

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3460-3462
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Public Communication ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Mobile Communication Networks ◽  
The Government

The mobile communication networks and towers go down or cease to exist leading to poor connectivity during disasters. When communication becomes paralyzed, it is vital to build a disaster relief solution with available resources. Without data connectivity, it is essential that an emergency protocol should be implemented by the government that uses the available paralyzed communication resources spread across various communication networks by pooling to form one single communication network backed by cloud facilities to restore connectivity. In this paper the authors introduce a new emergency protocol approach to design an unrestricted cloud-based mobile technology during disaster enabling instant communication services to the disaster zones that works best under the command of the government. This protocol can act faster than the existing communication network put in place for public communication, with the additional advantage of being more robust and capable of withstanding disaster conditions

Developing Wireless Network Design in 4G Long Term Evolution for Healthcare

2013 ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aini Syuhada Md Zain ◽  
Abid Yahya ◽  
Mohd Fareq Abd. Malek ◽  
Normaliza Omar
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
4G Lte ◽  
Network Technologies ◽  
New Applications

The current growth of mobile data usage and emergence of new applications have greatly motivated the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to work on Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE is the most recent standard in the mobile network technology to be developed based on GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies with the aim of optimizing the capacity and speed of 3G mobile communication networks. In this chapter, the structures and features of fourth generation (4G) LTE are investigated at the early stages of telemedical research. The chapter also provides a comparison of WiMAX and LTE standards on various aspects, as well as the potential of technology in healthcare applications. Issues and challenges of wireless technologies in healthcare applications and services are finally presented.

scholarly journals Azimuth Null-Reduced Radiation Pattern, Ultralow Profile, Dual-Wideband and Low Passive Intermodulation Ceiling Mount Antenna for Long Term Evolution Application

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 114761-114777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kok Jiunn Ng ◽  
Mohammad Tariqul Islam ◽  
Adam Alevy ◽  
Mohd. Fais Mansor ◽  
Choon Chung Su
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Passive Intermodulation

scholarly journals A CPW-Fed Quasi-PIFA Antenna Using Quasi-Lumped Resonators for Mobile Phones

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Majid Rafiee ◽  
Mohd Fadzil bin Ain ◽  
Aftanasar Md. Shahar
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Patch Size ◽  
Return Loss ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Operating Frequency ◽  
Antenna Gain ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Lumped Elements ◽  
Small Room

A novel single CPW-fed Quasi-Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) using quasi-lumped elements is developed for mobile communication handheld terminals operating at 2.6 GHz. The antenna is composed of an inductor covered by a set of interdigital and parasitic capacitors. The proposed antenna achieves a measured bandwidth of 11% for return loss with the antenna gain of about 4 dBi. The antenna is designed in single layer (zero height) which is appropriate to be used in thin devices where a small room is considered for the antenna. The proposed antenna is suitable for use in Long Term Evolution band 7. The operating frequency of introduced antenna depends on the number of interdigital fingers and inductor length rather than the total resonator patch only, so that the operating frequency can be altered while the total patch size remains unchanged. The calculated operating frequency is confirmed by simulation and measurement. Also the dipole-like simulated radiation pattern is confirmed by measurement.

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