scholarly journals Key performance requirement of future next wireless networks (6G)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3249-3255
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. A. Solyman ◽  
Khalid Yahya
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Research Application ◽  
Performance Requirement ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Broad Overview

Given the massive potentials of 5G communication networks and their foreseeable evolution, what should there be in 6G that is not in 5G or its long-term evolution? 6G communication networks are estimated to integrate the terrestrial, aerial, and maritime communications into a forceful network which would be faster, more reliable, and can support a massive number of devices with ultra-low latency requirements. This article presents a complete overview of potential 6G communication networks. The major contribution of this study is to present a broad overview of key performance indicators (KPIs) of 6G networks that cover the latest manufacturing progress in the environment of the principal areas of research application, and challenges.

The Long-Term Trend toward Increased Dispersion in the Distributions of City Sizes

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1725-1740 ◽  
Author(s):  
B M Roehner
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Pareto Distribution ◽  
City Size ◽  
Size Distributions ◽  
Spatial Decomposition ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Major Occupation

City-size distributions follow a Pareto distribution, a property which is also known as the rank-size rule. Yet very different Pareto powers, α, are to be observed, ranging from 0.5 to 2. In this paper two complementary models are proposed to relate observed values of α to basic economic phenomena. In the first, the interdependence between cities and their economic environment is analysed. It is therefore a spatial model in which production, transportation, and land productivities are the pertinent variables. In the second model the economic evolution taking place inside cities is analysed. This involves the population of major occupation groups as significant variables. Historical data are presented showing that improved communication networks and economic progress result in decreasing values of α. Both models account for this long-term evolution. It is known, however, that in some areas the distribution of city sizes does not follow the rank-size rule. It is shown that a better understanding of such distributions can be obtained from a spatial decomposition of city-size distributions.

scholarly journals Miniaturized PIFA for 5G Communication Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Pattern ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Antenna Gain ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
5G Communication ◽  
Internal Antenna

This paper designed a miniaturized Planar Inverted-F Antenna for 5G communication networks, including Long-Term Evolution Advanced mobile communication services. By showing the radiation pattern, voltage standing wave ratio, and antenna gain of the designed Planar Inverted-F Antenna, this paper evaluates its performance. To show the key characteristics of the Planar Inverted-F Antenna, this paper modeled and simulated it with various variances. Moreover, the real Planar Inverted-F Antenna was fabricated and measurements were done to validate the simulated characteristics of the internal antenna.

scholarly journals On multiplexing data streams using trellis-coded modulation in centralized wireless networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
Nikita Yankovskii ◽  
Igor Pastushok
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Wireless Network ◽  
Error Rate ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Media Access Control ◽  
Mac Layers ◽  
Simultaneous Transmission

Problem statement: The proliferation of services and applications requiring ultra-low latency and high reliability of data transmission in communication networks leads to creating new approaches and architectures in order to ensure the simultaneous transmission of Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC)  traffic. Providing efficient eMBB and URLLC multiplexing schemes with preset key performance indicators for each stream is the most challenging problem in wireless network development. Purpose: To provide a simultaneous transmission of eMBB and URLLC streams without reducing the user experience of eMBB services by developing a multiplexing scheme and the coherent architecture of physical (PHY) and media access control (MAC) layers in the downlink channel. Results: An eMBB and URLLC multiplexing scheme has been proposed, along with a coherent architecture for PHY and MAC layers, ensuring the given wireless network key performance indicators. The proposed solution performance has been estimated by simulation. The multiplexing scheme outperforms the baseline solution in Bit Error Rate and Frame Error Rate metrics. The coherent PHY and MAC layers architecture provides transmission with an arrival rate of 400 messages per millisecond and 99% message delivery probability in one millisecond. Practical relevance: The obtained results allow communication system developers to deploy centralized wireless networks at industrial objects.

scholarly journals Combined Access Barring Scheme for IoT Devices Using Bayesian Estimation

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2191
Author(s):  
Waqas Tariq Toor ◽  
Maira Alvi ◽  
Mamta Agiwal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Success Probability ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Access Delay ◽  
Extended Access ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
High Energy Consumption

This paper focuses on proposing a new access barring scheme for internet of things (IoT) devices in long term evolution advanced (LTE/LTE-A) and 5G networks. Massive number of IoT devices communicating simultaneously is one of the hallmarks of the future communication networks such as 5G and beyond. The problem of congestion also comes with this massive communication for which access barring is one of the solutions. So, it is required that sophisticated access barring techniques are designed such that the congestion is avoided and these devices get served in less time. Legacy access barring schemes like access class barring (ACB) and extended access barring (EAB) suffer from high energy consumption and high access delay respectively. However, our proposed scheme provides less energy consumption than ACB while giving less access delay than EAB. The proposed scheme maximizes the success probability while reducing the number of collisions at the same time. The scheme is based on an approximation of the number of IoT devices based on details available to the eNodeB of the number of idle, successful and collided preambles. Extensive Matlab simulations are performed to validate our claims and analysis.

scholarly journals Seven Challenges for Communication in Modern Railway Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias Yaacoub ◽  
Ahmad Alsharoa ◽  
Hakim Ghazzai ◽  
Mohamed-Slim Alouini
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Lte Advanced ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Mobile Relays

To meet the increasing demands for passenger data rates, modern railway communication networks face significant challenges. The advent of 5G communications after the long-term evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) systems provides several technological advances to address these challenges. In this paper, after reviewing the main 5G communication aspects for modern railways, we describe seven main challenges faced by train connectivity, and discuss appropriate solutions. Specifically, we elaborate on techniques for ensuring connectivity and energy efficiency for the passengers' user equipment (UE) through the use of mobile relays (MRs) on top of the train wagons in conjunction with intelligent resource allocation.

scholarly journals Realization of LTE physical layer baseband processing architecture for narrowband IOT

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.31) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
S Syed Ameer Abbas ◽  
M Venisubha ◽  
S Siva Gayathri ◽  
S J. Thiruvengadam
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Machine Communication ◽  
3Gpp Long Term Evolution ◽  
Resource Elements

The 3GPP Long Term Evolution represents the major innovation in cellular technology. NB-IoT is the 3GPP standard for machine to machine communication finalized within LTE Release13. NB-IoT technology occupies frequency band of 180 kHz bandwidth which corresponds to one resource block in LTE transmission. The Long Term Evolution (LTE) supports higher data rates, higher bandwidth, Low latency, good Quality of Service whereas objective of Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB - IOT) is to achieve extended coverage, to support massive number of smart devices and have multi - year long battery life. So the main focus is linking LTE with IOT. The objective of this paper proposes transmitter architecture of PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel) and PUSCH(Physical uplink Shared Channel) in SISO and SIMO configurations for physical uplink channels of LTE. The physical uplink  and downlink channel processing involves scrambling, modulation, layer mapping, transform precoding, and resource element mapping at the transmitter and the receiver block to have demapping from the resource elements and detection of data. At present, the data for on-off control has been worked and the whole framework has been simulated using Modelsim and implemented in Spartan 6.

Developing Wireless Network Design in 4G Long Term Evolution for Healthcare

2013 ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aini Syuhada Md Zain ◽  
Abid Yahya ◽  
Mohd Fareq Abd. Malek ◽  
Normaliza Omar
Keyword(s):  
Communication Networks ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Long Term Evolution ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Term Evolution ◽  
4G Lte ◽  
Network Technologies ◽  
New Applications

The current growth of mobile data usage and emergence of new applications have greatly motivated the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to work on Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE is the most recent standard in the mobile network technology to be developed based on GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies with the aim of optimizing the capacity and speed of 3G mobile communication networks. In this chapter, the structures and features of fourth generation (4G) LTE are investigated at the early stages of telemedical research. The chapter also provides a comparison of WiMAX and LTE standards on various aspects, as well as the potential of technology in healthcare applications. Issues and challenges of wireless technologies in healthcare applications and services are finally presented.

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