scholarly journals Assessment of Hamstring: Quadriceps Coactivation without the Use of Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1615
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Torres ◽  
David Chorro ◽  
Archit Navandar ◽  
Javier Rueda ◽  
Luís Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Activation Pattern ◽  
Post Injury ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction

This study aimed to study the coactivation patterns of the hamstring and quadriceps muscle groups during submaximal strength exercises commonly used in injury prevention in soccer without the use of maximum voluntary isometric contraction testing. This was used to compare: (i) the inter-limb differences in muscle activation; (ii) the intra-muscular group activation pattern and (iii) the activation pattern during different phases of the exercise. Muscle activation was recorded by surface electromyography in 19 elite, male, youth soccer players. Participants performed the following: Bulgarian squat, lunge and squat. Electrical activity was recorded for the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and semitendinosus. No significant inter-limb differences were found (F1, 13 = 619; p = 0.82; η2 = 0.045). Significant differences were found in the muscle activation between individual muscles within the quadriceps and hamstrings muscle group for each of the exercises: Bulgarian squat (F1,18 = 331: p < 0.001; η2 = 0.80), lunge (F4,72 = 114.5; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.86) and squat (F1,16 = 247.31; p < 0.001; η2 = 0.93). Differences were found between the different phases of each of the exercises (F2,26 = 52.27; p = 0.02; η2 = 0.80). The existence of an activation pattern of each of the muscles in the three proposed exercises could be used for muscle assessment and as a tool for reconditioning post-injury.

scholarly journals Quadriceps and hamstrings coactivation in exercises used in prevention and rehabilitation of hamstring strain injury in young soccer players

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Torres ◽  
David Chorro ◽  
Archit Navandar ◽  
Javier Rueda ◽  
Luís Fernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Activation Pattern ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Hamstring Strain ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Injury Recovery

AbstractThis study aimed to study the co-activation of hamstring-quadriceps muscles during submaximal strength exercises without the use of maximum voluntary isometric contraction testing and compare (i) the inter-limb differences in muscle activation, (ii) the intra-muscular group activation pattern, and (iii) the activation during different phases of the exercise. Muscle activation was recorded by surface electromyography of 19 elite male youth players. Participants performed five repetitions of the Bulgarian squat, lunge and the squat with an external load of 10 kg. Electrical activity was recorded for the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and semitendinosus. No significant inter-limb differences were found (F1, 13=619; p=0.82; partial η2=0.045). Significant differences were found in the muscle activation between different muscles within the muscle group (quadriceps and hamstrings) for each of the exercises: Bulgarian squat (F1,18=331: p<0.001; partial η2=0.80), lunge (F4,72=114.5; p<0.001; partial η2=0.86) and squat (F1,16=247.31; p<0.001; partial η2=0.93).Differences were found between the concentric, isometric and eccentric phases of each of the exercises (F2, 26=52.27; p=0.02; partial η2=0.80). The existence of an activation pattern of each of the muscles in the three proposed exercises could be used for muscle assessment and as a tool for injury recovery.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Lower Limb Muscles’ Electromyographic Activity during the Leg Press Exercise and Its Variants: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4626
Author(s):  
Isabel Martín-Fuentes ◽  
José M. Oliva-Lozano ◽  
José M. Muyor
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Leg Press

The aim of this study was to analyze the literature on muscle activation measured by surface electromyography (sEMG) of the muscles recruited when performing the leg press exercise and its variants. The Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to report this review. The search was carried out using the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases. The articles selected met the following inclusion criteria: (a) a cross-sectional or longitudinal study design; (b) neuromuscular activation assessed during the leg press exercise, or its variants; (c) muscle activation data collected using sEMG; and (d) study samples comprising healthy and trained participants. The main findings indicate that the leg press exercise elicited the greatest sEMG activity from the quadriceps muscle complex, which was shown to be greater as the knee flexion angle increased. In conclusion, (1) the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis elicited the greatest muscle activation during the leg press exercise, followed closely by the rectus femoris; (2) the biceps femoris and the gastrocnemius medialis showed greater muscular activity as the knee reached full extension, whereas the vastus lateralis and medialis, the rectus femoris, and the tibialis anterior showed a decreasing muscular activity pattern as the knee reached full extension; (3) evidence on the influence of kinematics modifications over sEMG during leg press variants is still not compelling as very few studies match their findings.

scholarly journals Differences of Thigh Muscle Activation During Various Squat Exercise on Stable and Unstable Surfaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-395
Author(s):  
Soojin Kim ◽  
Joo-Hyun Lee ◽  
Jihye Heo ◽  
Eunwook Chang
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Unstable Surface ◽  
Co Activation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare thigh muscle activities and muscle co-activation when performing squats, wall squats, and Spanish squats on stable and unstable ground.METHODS: Twenty-two healthy male subjects (age: 22.50±2.70 years, height: 178.72±6.04 cm, mass: 76.50±6.80 kg, body mass index: 24.00±2.10 kg/m2, and Godin activity questionnaire: 56.30±24.10) voluntarily participated in the study. All of the participants performed three different squat exercises on the floor and the BOSU ball with an electromyograph attached to each participant’s quadriceps (rectus femoris, RF; vastus lateralis, VL; and vastus medialis, VM) and hamstrings (biceps femoris, BF; semitendinosus, ST; and semimembranosus, SM). Repeated measures of analysis of variance were utilized to compare muscle activity during the three squats exercises by floor type.RESULTS: RF (p<.001, η2=.689), VL (p<.001, η2=.622), and VM (p=.002, η2=.375) showed significant differences between exercises. Spanish squats yielded greater BF activity than did wall squats (p=.018, η2=.269). ST yielded greater muscle activity with the BOSU ball than on the floor (p=.018, η2=.269). Finally, there was a significant ground exercise interaction effect on the co-activation, showing greater muscle co-activation with Spanish squats on the BOSU ball compared to squats, squats on the BOSU ball, and wall squat on the BOSU ball.CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study indicate that Spanish squats could be an effective exercise option for the facilitation of RF, VL, VM, and BF muscle activation. In particular, performing Spanish squats on an unstable surface could be useful for patients who need to improve their quadriceps muscle activation.

Altering muscle activity in the lower extremities by bipedal landing with different drop tasks and shoes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Changxiao Yu ◽  
Chenhao Yang ◽  
Liqin Deng ◽  
Weijie Fu
Keyword(s):  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Movement Control ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Lower Extremity Muscle ◽  
Body Tissues

BACKGROUND: The ability of the lower-extremity muscle activation directly affects the performance and in turn interacts with the loading conditions of the muscle itself. However, systematic information concerning the characteristics of lower-extremity muscle during landings is lacking. In particular, the landing height and shoes are also important factors based on the actual situation, which could further contribute to understanding the neuromuscular activity and how biochemical response of the body tissues to double-leg drop landings. OBJECTIVE: The study was to investigate the effects of landing tasks on the activation of lower-extremity muscles and explore the relationship among movement control, landing heights, shoe cushioning, and muscle activities. METHODS: Twelve male basketball players were recruited to perform drop jump (DJ) and passive landing (PL) from three heights (30, 45, and 60 cm) while wearing highly-cushioned basketball shoes (HC) and less-cushioned control shoes (LC). EMG electrodes were used to record the activities of the target muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior, and lateral gastrocnemius) during the landing tasks. RESULTS: Pre- and post-activation activity of the lower-extremity muscles significantly decreased during PL compared with those during DJ (p< 0.05). No significant shoe effects on the characteristics of muscle activation and coactivation during DJ movements were observed. However, the participants wearing LC showed significantly higher muscle post-activation (p< 0.05) at the three drop heights during PL compared with those wearing HC. Coactivation of the ankle muscles was higher in LC than in HC during 30-cm PL (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The activation patterns of lower-extremity muscles can be significantly influenced by landing types. Highly-cushioned basketball shoes would help reduce the risk of injuries by appropriately tuning the muscles during the PL.

scholarly journals Electromyographic evaluation of the lower limbs of patients with Down syndrome in hippotherapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariane Fernandes Ribeiro ◽  
Ana Paula Espindula ◽  
Alex Abadio Ferreira ◽  
Luciane Aparecida Pascucci Sande de Souza ◽  
Vicente De Paula Antunes Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Motor Behavior ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Gluteus Medius ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Functional Results ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Tensor Fasciae Latae

Hippotherapy is a therapeutic method that uses the horse’s movement to achieve functional results in practitioners with Down syndrome (DS), who present motor and neurophysiological changes that affect the musculoskeletal system. Evaluating the motor behavior related to the control and the improvement of muscle activation in practitioners with Down syndrome subjected to hippotherapy. 10 practitioners were divided into two groups: Down Group (DG) – practitioners with DS, and Healthy Group (HG) – practitioners with no physical impairment. The muscles gluteus medius, tensor fasciae latae, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius were evaluated by electromyography using gross RMS values, which correspond to muscle activation; the evaluations were performed on the 1st and 10th hippotherapy sessions (frequency: once a week), and after 2 months interval without treatment, they were performed on the 1st and 10th hippotherapy sessions (frequency: twice a week). It was noted that activation of the studied muscles increased with the passing of sessions, regardless the weekly frequency of attendance; however, the period without treatment resulted in reduction of this effect. Practitioners with DS presented satisfactory changes in muscle activation pattern, in learning and in motor behavior during hippotherapy sessions. 

scholarly journals Comparison of quadriceps muscle activation in exercises with different duration of concentric and eccentric contractions

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 291-297
Author(s):  
G Freire da Silva ◽  
F Douglas Tourino ◽  
RC Ribeiro Diniz ◽  
L Túlio de Lacerda ◽  
HC Martins Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Muscle Action ◽  
Emg Signal ◽  
Knee Extension Exercise

Aim: The objective of the present study was to compare the amplitude of the electromyographic (EMG) signal of the quadriceps muscle portions vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) and the activation ratio (VM/VL, VM/RF and VL/RF) in protocols with different durations of concentric and eccentric muscular actions. Material and method: Twelve female volunteers performed the knee extensor exercise with two different protocols [1s for concentric muscle action and 5s for eccentric muscle action (1:5); 5s of concentric muscle action and 1s of eccentric muscle action (5:1)] and 3 sets of 6 repetitions, 180s of pause between each sets and a intensity of 50% of 1RM. The root mean square of the amplitude of the normalized EMG signal was calculated for each repetition in each series. Results: it was observed an increase in the activation of the VM and VL portions in equivalent repetitions of each series and for the VL portion, the 1: 5 protocol provided greater activation compared to the other protocol. No differences were found for muscles activation ratios VM/RF and VL/RF, being that for the VM/VL ratio there was only change at one repetition. Conclusion: The results suggest that the portions of the quadriceps muscle may present different EMG responses in similar protocols, but this fact may not interfere in the synergism between them. The reduced degrees of freedom of the knee extension exercise and the characteristics of the protocols adopted may be the elements that contributed to the limited alterations that occurred in the present study.

Factors contributing to lower metabolic demand of eccentric compared with concentric cycling

2017 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Peñailillo ◽  
Anthony J. Blazevich ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Length Changes

This study compared muscle-tendon behavior, muscle oxygenation, and muscle activity between eccentric and concentric cycling exercise at the same work output to investigate why metabolic demand is lower during eccentric cycling than with concentric cycling. Eleven untrained men (27.1 ± 7.0 y) performed concentric cycling (CONC) and eccentric cycling (ECC) for 10 min (60 rpm) at 65% of the maximal concentric cycling power output (191 ± 45 W) 4 wk apart. During cycling, oxygen consumption (V̇o2), heart rate (HR), vastus lateralis (VL) tissue total hemoglobin (tHb), and oxygenation index (TOI) were recorded, and muscle-tendon behavior was assessed using ultrasonography. The surface electromyogram (EMG) was recorded from VL, vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles, and cycling torque and knee joint angle during each revolution were also recorded. Average V̇o2 (−65 ± 7%) and HR (−35 ± 9%) were lower and average TOI was greater (16 ± 1%) during ECC than CONC, but tHb was similar between bouts. Positive and negative cycling peak crank torques were greater (32 ± 21 and 48 ± 24%, respectively) during ECC than CONC, but muscle-tendon unit and fascicle and tendinous tissue length changes during pedal revolutions were similar between CONC and ECC. VL, VM, RF, and BF peak EMG amplitudes were smaller (24 ± 15, 22 ± 18, 16 ± 17, and 18 ± 9%, respectively) during ECC than CONC. These results suggest that the lower metabolic cost of eccentric compared with concentric cycling was due mainly to a lower level of muscle activation per torque output. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study shows that lower oxygen consumption of eccentric compared with concentric cycling at the same workload is explained by lower muscle activity of agonist and antagonist muscles during eccentric compared with during concentric cycling.

scholarly journals Muscle Activation Differs between Three Different Knee Joint-Angle Positions during a Maximal Isometric Back Squat Exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Marchetti ◽  
Josinaldo Jarbas da Silva ◽  
Brad Jon Schoenfeld ◽  
Priscyla Silva Monteiro Nardi ◽  
Silvio Luis Pecoraro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Squat Exercise

The purpose of this study was to compare muscle activation of the lower limb muscles when performing a maximal isometric back squat exercise over three different positions. Fifteen young, healthy, resistance-trained men performed an isometric back squat at three knee joint angles (20°, 90°, and 140°) in a randomized, counterbalanced fashion. Surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activation of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), semitendinosus (ST), and gluteus maximus (GM). In general, muscle activity was the highest at 90° for the three quadriceps muscles, yet differences in muscle activation between knee angles were muscle specific. Activity of the GM was significantly greater at 20° and 90° compared to 140°. The BF and ST displayed similar activation at all joint angles. In conclusion, knee position alters muscles activation of the quadriceps and gluteus maximus muscles. An isometric back squat at 90° generates the highest overall muscle activation, yet an isometric back squat at 140° generates the lowest overall muscle activation of the VL and GM only.

scholarly journals Identification of changes in kinematics and electromyographic parameters during dual-task gait: a comparative study between young and elderly female subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 701-709
Author(s):  
Camilla Zamfolini Hallal ◽  
Deborah Hebling Spinoso ◽  
Mary Hellen Morcelli ◽  
Ligia Cristiane Fonseca ◽  
Mauro Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dual Task ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Step Length ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Female Subjects

Abstract Introduction : Falls during gait are one of the leading causes of death and injuries in elderly adults. Objective : This study aimed to compare the performance of young (YG) and elderly (EG) adults during dual-task gait (using a traffic light simulator) according to kinematics and electromyographic parameters. Materials and methods : 17 young and 18 elderly physically fit female subjects participated in this study. The volunteers walked on a treadmill under two different conditions: normal gait (M1) and dual-task gait (M2). We recorded EMG signals from the rectus femoris (RF), vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) and soleus (SO). The following kinematic data were obtained: step length, step time and self-selected velocity. Data analysis was performed using Wilcoxon's, Mann-Whitney, T-student tests and T-student for independent samples. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results : For both groups, there was greater muscle activation of the RF, VM, VL, BF and SO during M2 than during M1. The YG showed lower muscle activation of the RF, VM, BF and SO during M2 when compared to EG. The EG had smaller step length than the YG. The step length values detected during M1 were higher than the ones collected during M2. During M2, the YG showed higher step time compared to the EG. Elderly subjects walked at a lower self-selected velocity than young subjects. Conclusions : Our findings suggest that dual-task gait modify the neuromuscular behavior in elderly subjects, increasing the risk of falls.

scholarly journals Neuromuscular Responses of Elite Skaters During Different Roller Figure Skating Jumps

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Patrícia Dias Pantoja ◽  
André Mello ◽  
Giane Veiga Liedtke ◽  
Ana Carolina Kanitz ◽  
Eduardo Lusa Cadore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Figure Skating ◽  
Vastus Medialis ◽  
Lateral Gastrocnemius ◽  
Neuromuscular Activity

AbstractThis study aimed to describe the neuromuscular activity of elite athletes who performed various roller figure skating jumps, to determine whether the muscle activation is greater during jumps with more rotations and in which phase the muscles are more active. This study also aimed to analyze if there is any difference in the muscle activity pattern between female and male skaters. Four elite skaters were evaluated, and each participated in two experimental sessions. During the first session, anthropometric data were collected, and the consent forms were signed. For the second session, neuromuscular data were collected during jumps, which were performed with skates at a rink. The following four roller figure skating jumps were evaluated: single Axel, double Axel, double Mapes and triple Mapes. The neuromuscular activity of the following seven muscles was obtained with an electromyograph which was fixed to the waist of each skater with a strap: biceps femoris, lateral gastrocnemius, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and gluteus maximus. The signal was transmitted wirelessly to a laptop. During the roller figure skating jumps, the lateral gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and gluteus maximus, showed more activation during the jumps with more rotations, and the activation mainly occurred during the propulsion and flight phases. Female skaters demonstrated higher muscle activities in tibialis anterior, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis and gluteus maximus during the landing phase of the triple Mapes, when compared to their male counterparts. The results obtained in this study should be considered when planning training programs with specific exercises that closely resemble the roller figure skating jumps. This may be important for the success of elite skaters in competitions.

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