scholarly journals In Vitro Accuracy of Static Guided Implant Surgery Measured by Optical Scan: Examining the Impact of Operator Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Cheng Lin ◽  
Masahiro Ishikawa ◽  
Bai-Hung Huang ◽  
Mao-Suan Huang ◽  
Hsin-Chung Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Method ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Implant Surgery ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Operator Experience ◽  
Surgical Guide ◽  
Optical Scan ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Studies examining the effect of operator experience on the accuracy of static guided implant surgery have used postoperative computed tomography (CT) images to measure the error, with inconsistent results. The purpose of this study was to try to clarify this issue by using a measurement method based on the postoperative optical scan. Thirty dentists were divided into an experienced group and an inexperienced group. On a partially edentulous mandibular model in the manikin head, each dentist placed three implants via the stereolithographic (SLA) surgical guide. The implant positions were identified by a desktop scanner and compared with the planned positions using a metrology software program. No statistically significant differences were observed for any of the measured positional and angular deviations of the three implant sites between experienced and inexperienced operators (p > 0.01). All the mean values of deviations of the inexperienced group, except the depth deviation, were less than the experienced group. Implants inserted by dentists under 40 years old had significantly better accuracy than senior doctors in the global deviation at implant apex (p = 0.006). Within the limits of this study, we concluded that operator experience is not a critical factor in achieving the accuracy of guided implant surgery via the tooth-supported SLA surgical guide. Large deviations could occur even with the aid of the SLA surgical guide, and care must be taken to avoid errors for both experienced and inexperienced operators.

scholarly journals Survey of Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids and In Vitro Antioxidant Potency Between Fig Peels and Pulps: Chemical and Chemometric Approach

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2574
Author(s):  
Lahcen Hssaini ◽  
Francisca Hernandez ◽  
Manuel Viuda-Martos ◽  
Jamal Charafi ◽  
Rachid Razouk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition ◽  
Almost All

In the present study, chromatic coordinates, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity (LPIC) essays and their relative IC50 were investigated in 25 fig cultivars growing in Morocco. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the variation in these compounds among light and dark-colored cultivars, (ii) their partitioning between fruit peel and pulp and (iii) to display network connections among these variables. Twelve phenolic compounds (PCs) were isolated in peel extract versus eight in pulp samples. Anthocyanins, mainly cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the predominant compounds in peels, where the mean concentrations were 75.90 ± 18.76 and 77.97 ± 18.95 µg/g dw, respectively. On the other hand, (−)-epicatechin and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were the major compounds in the pulp extracts, where the mean values were 5.23 ± 4.03 and 9.01 ± 5.67 µg/g dw, respectively. A two-dimensional hierarchically clustered heatmap was applied to the dataset to explore correlations in the dataset and similarities between cultivars, without dimensionality reduction. Results showed that anthocyanins, particularly pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the main contributors to the peels’ free radical scavenging capacity. This capacity was particularly higher in the peel of dark-colored figs compared to the fruit pulp. The local cultivar “INRA 1301” showed the most promising phenolic profile due to its very high levels of almost all detected PCs, especially (−)-epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidine-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidine-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (54.66, 141.08, 35.48, 494.08, 478.66, 12.56 µg/g dw, respectively). Having the darkest figs in the collection (L* = 25.72, c* = 22.09 and h° = 20.99), this cultivar has also combined promising IC50 values, which were of 19.85, 40.58 and 124.78 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS and LPIC essays, respectively.

scholarly journals Biases in CloudSat Falling Snow Estimates Resulting from Daylight-Only Operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2041
Author(s):  
Lisa Milani ◽  
Norman B. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Satellite Missions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Mean

Falling snow is a key component of the Earth’s water cycle, and space-based observations provide the best current capability to evaluate it globally. The Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) on board CloudSat is sensitive to snowfall, and other satellite missions and climatological models have used snowfall properties measured by it for evaluating and comparing against their snowfall products. Since a battery anomaly in 2011, the CPR has operated in a Daylight-Only Operations (DO-Op) mode, in which it makes measurements primarily during only the daylit portion of its orbit. This work provides estimates of biases inherent in global snowfall amounts derived from CPR measurements due to this shift to DO-Op mode. We use CloudSat’s snowfall measurements during its Full Operations (Full-Op) period prior to the battery anomaly to evaluate the impact of the DO-Op mode sampling. For multi-year global mean values, the snowfall fraction during DO-Op changes by −10.16% and the mean snowfall rate changes by −8.21% compared with Full-Op. These changes are driven by the changes in sampling in DO-Op and are very little influenced by changes in meteorology between the Full-Op and DO-Op periods. The results highlight the need to sample consistently with the CloudSat observations or to adjust snowfall estimates derived from CloudSat when using DO-Op data to evaluate other precipitation products.

​Impact of Extreme Hot Environmental Temperature Period on Marker Enzymes of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Non-descript Sheep from Arid Tracts of Rajasthan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anandita Srivastava ◽  
Nalini Kataria
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Marker Enzymes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Enzymes Of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Background: The present investigation was envisaged to find out the impact of extreme hot environmental temperature period (ETP) on marker enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in male and female non-descript sheep of various age groups i.e. 4 to 13 months from arid tracts of Rajasthan. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) marker enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism were considered for study. Methods: During the period October 2016-June 2017 blood samples were collected to harvest sera for spectrophotometric method from 240 healthy animals selected from private slaughter house during moderate and extreme hot environmental temperature periods (ETPs). The mean values of markers attained during moderate ETP were reckoned as the control. It was 10.00 ± 0.10 UL-1 and 42.00±1.00 respectively. Conclusion: The mean value of MDH was significantly (p≤0.05) higher while G-6-PDH significantly (p≤0.05) lowers during extreme hot temperature in comparison to moderate period. Therefore, it could be concluded that variations in enzyme markers were associated with changes in environmental temperatures. Probably ETP were able to produce a profound effect on carbohydrate metabolism in sheep. Therfore it can be suggested that during the period of extreme temperature balanced ration must be provided to the animal along with proper management to decrease the severity of temperature impact.

scholarly journals SAT-434 Phenotype and Genotype Analysis of Patients with Resistance to Thyroid Hormone β: A Single-Center Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karn Wejaphikul ◽  
Prapai Dejkhamron ◽  
Stefan Groeneweg ◽  
W Edward Visser ◽  
Kevalee Unachak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Mutation Analysis ◽  
Novel Mutation ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Antithyroid Drugs ◽  
Thyroid Function Tests ◽  
Resistance To Thyroid Hormone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction Resistance to thyroid hormone β (RTHβ) is caused by mutations in THRB, the gene that encodes thyroid hormone receptor β. The clinical phenotype is variable and may include goiter, tachycardia, and learning disability with or without hyperactive behavior. The biochemical hallmark of RTHβ is elevated T4 and T3 with non-suppressed TSH concentrations. We here describe the phenotype and genotype of three Thai patients diagnosed with RTHβ in a pediatric referral center. Patients had previously been misdiagnosed and inappropriately treated with antithyroid drugs (ATDs). Methods Clinical features and thyroid function tests (TFTs) of three unrelated RTHβ patients were retrospectively reviewed. Genomic DNA of the RTHβ patients and affected family members was amplified for exon 7-10 of the THRB gene and sequenced to identify mutation by Sanger sequencing. The impact of the p.L341V novel mutation on the affinity for T3 and T3-induced transcriptional activity was previously determined in vitro. Results Three female patients were diagnosed with RTHβ. All of them had been misdiagnosed with hyperthyroidism and treated with ATDs prior to referral. The mean age at diagnosis was 8 years. The main presenting symptoms were diffuse goiter and tachycardia. The mean duration of ATD treatment was 3 years. During the treatment, patients had fluctuating thyroid hormone and increased TSH levels. An older sister and mother of one patient also had similar TFTs abnormalities, for which the mother had undergone a subtotal thyroidectomy. RTHβ was diagnosed based on the high FT3 and FT4 with normal (non-suppressed) TSH concentrations and confirmed by mutation analysis. Anti-thyroid peroxidase, anti-thyroglobulin, and TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) were negative, excluding autoimmune thyroid disease. Heterozygous missense mutations of the THRB gene were identified in all patients and affected family members. Two mutations had been previously reported (p.R243W and p.L456F), and one mutation was novel (p.L341V). In vitro studies confirmed an important role of Leu341 in T3 binding of the TRβ and functional impairment of the p.L341V novel mutation and were reported separately. According to available literature, only nine Thai RTHβ patients (in three families) carrying three different mutations (p.G251V, p.M313T, and p.A317T) had been previously reported. Goiter was the most common clinical finding, and almost all patients had a history of receiving unnecessary treatment with ATDs. Conclusion We report a series of RTHβ patients carrying THRB gene mutations, including one novel mutation (p.L341V). Clinicians should be alert that RTHβ can be found in patients with goiter and tachycardia. Elevated T4 and T3 with non-suppressed TSH concentration is the main diagnostic clue for this disease. Mutation analysis allows definitive diagnosis of RTHβ and may help to avoid potential misdiagnosis and improper treatment.

scholarly journals Records of performance and sanitary status from a dairy cattle herd in southern Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-09 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cláudio E. F. Cruz ◽  
Djeison L. Raymundo ◽  
Cristine Cerva ◽  
Saulo P. Pavarini ◽  
André G. C. Dalto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Cattle Diseases ◽  
Dairy Cattle Herd ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Voluntary Waiting Period

Over the last decades, the emphasis on the health of dairy cows has changed from an individual to a herd level. In this scenario, the role played by the recording system and its interpretation by veterinarians has gained primordial importance. The records of productive and reproductive performance and of sanitary status from a southern Brazilian dairy cattle herd have been presented and discussed. The period of study was 2000-2009. Mean values per lactation period were 349D 8436M 290F 275P 201SCS (D: days in lactation, M: kg of milk yield, F: kg of fat, P: kg of protein and SCS: somatic cell score in 1000 cells/ml of milk). Major indexes of reproductive efficiency included age at first calving (31 months), services per conception (2.1), intercalving interval (428 days), calving to conception interval (146 days), mean annual rates of parturitions (76.2%), fetal losses (9.8-19.0%), and stillbirths (3.6%), apart of voluntary waiting period (94 days). Main information on sanitary status of the herd was associated with the mean prevalence of common disorders of dairy cattle such as anaplasmosis (29.8%), mastitis (27.8%), digital diseases (26.3%), ovarian cysts (21.3%), placental retention (19.7%), postpartum uterine infections (10.6%), and calf diarrhea (23.7%) and pneumonia (16.8%), among others. In addition, culling reasons (low reproductive performance [56.3%] and udder/mastitis problems [33.6%]), causes of cattle deaths (anaplasmosis [16.4%] and leukosis [11.4]), and the impact of cattle diseases such as tuberculosis, leukosis, and neosporosis on the herd have also been presented and succinctly discussed. Numbers between brackets represent rates accumulated in the 10-year period.

Biomechanical study of thoracolumbar junction fixation devices with different diameter dual-rod systems

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ung-Kyu Chang ◽  
Jesse Lim ◽  
Daniel H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Biomechanical Testing ◽  
Load Sharing ◽  
Biomechanical Study ◽  
Compression Force ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Fixation Devices ◽  
Thoracolumbar Region ◽  
Rod System ◽  
The Mean

Object Advances in the design of a smaller-diameter rod system for use in the thoracolumbar region prompted the authors to undertake this biomechanical study of two different thoracolumbar implants. Methods In vitro biomechanical testing was performed using human cadaveric spines. All specimens were loaded to a maximum moment of 5 Nm with 300-N axial preload in six modes of motion. Two types of anterior implants with different rod diameters were applied to intact T10–12 specimens in two groups. The loading was repeated and the range of motion (ROM) was measured. A T-11 corpectomy was then performed and a strain gauge–mounted carbon fiber stackable cage was implanted. The ROM and compression force on the cage were measured, and the mean values were compared between these two groups. With stabilization of the intact spine, ROM decreased least in extension and greatest in bending compared with the intact specimens. After corpectomy and stabilization, ROM increased in extension by 104.89 ± 53.09% in specimens with a 6.35-mm rod insertion and by 83.81 ± 16.96% in those with a 5.5-mm rod, respectively; in flexion, ROM decreased by 26.98 ± 27.43% (6.35 mm) and by 9.59 ± 15.42% (5.5 mm), respectively; and in bending and rotation, both groups each showed a decrease in ROM. The load sharing of the cage was similar between the two groups (the 6.35-mm compared with 5.5-mm rods): 47.44 and 44.73% (neutral), 49.16 and 39.02% (extension), 61.90 and 56.88% (flexion), respectively. Conclusions There were no statistical differences in the ROM and load sharing of the cage when either the 6.35-or 5.5-mm-diameter dual-rod was used.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-based examination of the medial ligament complex shows gender- and age-related differences in laxity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Lutz ◽  
Matthias J. Feucht ◽  
Judith Wechselberger ◽  
Michael Rasper ◽  
Wolf Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knee Joint ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Medial Knee ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Joint Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Purpose Ultrasound (US) examination of the medial joint space of the knee has played a subordinate diagnostic role up till now. The purpose of the present study was to describe mean values of medial joint width and to investigate the impact of gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) on medial joint laxity in healthy knees using modern, dynamic US in a standardized fashion in unloaded and standardized loaded conditions. Methods A total of 65 subjects with 79 healthy knees were enrolled in this study. All volunteers underwent clinical examination of the knee. The medial knee joint width was determined using US in a supine position at 0° and 30° of knee flexion in unloaded and standardized loaded (= 15 Dekanewton, daN) conditions using a specific device. Mean values were described and correlations between medial knee joint width and gender, age, and BMI were assessed. Results Thirty-two females and 33 males were enrolled in this study. The mean medial joint width in 0° unloaded was 5.7 ± 1.2 mm and 7.4 ± 1.4 mm loaded. In 30° of knee flexion, the mean medial joint width was 6.1 ± 1.1 mm unloaded and 7.8 ± 1.2 mm loaded. The average change between unloaded and loaded conditions in 0° was 1.7 ± 1.0 mm and in 30° 1.7 ± 0.9 mm. A significant difference between genders was evident for medial joint width in 0° and 30° of flexion in unloaded and loaded conditions (p < 0.05). With rising age, a significant increased change of medial joint space width between unloaded and loaded conditions could be demonstrated in 0° (p = 0.032). No significant correlation between BMI and medial joint width in US could be found. Conclusion Mean values of medial joint width in unloaded and standardized loaded conditions using a fixation device could be demonstrated. Based on the results of this study, medial knee joint width in US is gender- and age-related in healthy knees. These present data may be useful for evaluating patients with acute or chronic pathologies to the medial side of the knee. Level of evidence III.

Granulokinetics in normal dogs

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Raab ◽  
J. W. Athens ◽  
O. P. Haab ◽  
D. R. Boggs ◽  
H. Ashenbrucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hexadimethrine Bromide ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Blood Granulocyte ◽  
Number Of Cells

Dog granulocytes were labeled in vitro with radioactive diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP32) and then returned to the circulation of the donor. Granulocytes were separated from whole blood by utilizing hexadimethrine bromide as the sedimenting agent and saponin as a lysing agent. The labeled granulocytes disappeared from the circulation in an exponential fashion with a mean (±1 sd) half-time disappearance of 5.6 ± 0.95 hr. The size of the total blood granulocyte ( TBGP), circulating granulocyte ( CGP), and marginal granulocyte ( MGP) pools, and the granulocyte turnover rate ( GTR) were measured in 31 normal, unanesthetized dogs. The mean values ± 1 sd, expressed as number of cells x107/kg body wt., were as follows: TBGP, 102 ± 34.8; CGP, 54 ± 20.7; MGP, 48 ± 23.4; and GTR, 305 ± 111.5 cells/kg day. The values observed in anesthetized and in unanesthetized, splenectomized dogs were not significantly different from the above values.

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