Survey of Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids and In Vitro Antioxidant Potency Between Fig Peels and Pulps: Chemical and Chemometric Approach

In the present study, chromatic coordinates, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity (LPIC) essays and their relative IC50 were investigated in 25 fig cultivars growing in Morocco. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the variation in these compounds among light and dark-colored cultivars, (ii) their partitioning between fruit peel and pulp and (iii) to display network connections among these variables. Twelve phenolic compounds (PCs) were isolated in peel extract versus eight in pulp samples. Anthocyanins, mainly cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the predominant compounds in peels, where the mean concentrations were 75.90 ± 18.76 and 77.97 ± 18.95 µg/g dw, respectively. On the other hand, (−)-epicatechin and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were the major compounds in the pulp extracts, where the mean values were 5.23 ± 4.03 and 9.01 ± 5.67 µg/g dw, respectively. A two-dimensional hierarchically clustered heatmap was applied to the dataset to explore correlations in the dataset and similarities between cultivars, without dimensionality reduction. Results showed that anthocyanins, particularly pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the main contributors to the peels’ free radical scavenging capacity. This capacity was particularly higher in the peel of dark-colored figs compared to the fruit pulp. The local cultivar “INRA 1301” showed the most promising phenolic profile due to its very high levels of almost all detected PCs, especially (−)-epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidine-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidine-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (54.66, 141.08, 35.48, 494.08, 478.66, 12.56 µg/g dw, respectively). Having the darkest figs in the collection (L* = 25.72, c* = 22.09 and h° = 20.99), this cultivar has also combined promising IC50 values, which were of 19.85, 40.58 and 124.78 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS and LPIC essays, respectively.

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In vitro anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities of five Indian cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit peel extracts

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology ◽

10.15171/jhp.2019.35 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 238-247

Author(s):

Katike Umamahesh ◽

Bandikari Ramesh ◽

Bathal Vijaya Kumar ◽

Obulam Vijaya Sarathi Reddy

Keyword(s):

Mangifera Indica ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Mango Fruit ◽

Study Evaluation ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Mango Peel ◽

Anti Oxidant ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Introduction: All parts of the mango plant contain secondary metabolites that possess several beneficial properties. In the present study, evaluation of in vitro anti-oxidant, anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities of five Indian cultivars of mango fruit peel extracts were carried out.Methods: Different solvent (hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol) extracts of five Indian cultivars of mango fruit peels were prepared by using soxhalate, and the aqueous extract was prepared by maceration. In vitro anti-oxidant activities of these extracts were determined by using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging methods. Their anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities were determined by agar-well diffusion and HRBC (human red blood cell) methods, respectively.Results: All the five mango peel extracts showed good anti-oxidant activities, especially the methanolic extract of peel of Sindhura cultivar showed better IC50 values of DPPH (21.62±1.82 μg/mL), ABTS (21.33±1.94 μg/mL), H2O2 (19.87±2.61 μg/mL) and NO (57.29±2.17 μg/mL) radical scavenging activities than other extracts. It also possessed higher contents of phenolics (169.18±3.28 mg of GAE/g) and flavonoids (26.18±1.84 mg of QE/g) than the other extracts. All peel extracts of five cultivars of mango fruit revealed good anti-microbial activities against bacterial and fungal cultures and also possessed significant anti-inflammatory activity.Conclusion: The present study revealed that all the mango peel extracts have potential antioxidant activity, as well as better anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities.

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Toothbrush-Dentifrice Abrasion of Dental Sealants: An In Vitro Study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1735798 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Angkhana Sangpanya ◽

Pornpoj Fuangtharnthip ◽

Vanida Nimmanon ◽

Praewpat Pachimsawat

Keyword(s):

Abrasive Wear ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Mean Values ◽

Flowable Composite ◽

Dental Sealants ◽

The Mean ◽

D Values ◽

Almost All ◽

One Way Anova

Abstract Objective This study sought to investigate the toothbrush-dentifrice abrasion of dental sealants. Materials and Methods Weight loss (∆W) and depth loss (∆D) were used as abrasion indicators. Sealant samples from nine products were soaked in dentifrice slurry and abraded by using a toothbrushing machine with a brushing force of 300 g. The mean percentages of ∆W and mean values of ∆D after 24,000 and 48,000 strokes of brushing were compared by using paired t-test. A comparison of these mean values among sealant products was performed by using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison analysis (Scheffe's test). Results Abrasive wear was observed in all sealants. Teethmate F-1 (Kuraray Noritake, Tokyo, Japan)—a fluoride-releasing unfilled sealant—exhibited the maximum abrasive wear, with ∆W and ∆D values of 1.14% ± 0.37% and 12.84 ± 4.28 µm, respectively. Delton (Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, North Carolina, United States), a light-cured unfilled sealant, showed the minimum abrasive wear, with ∆W and ∆D values of 0.41% ± 0.09% and 2.93 ± 1.23 µm, respectively. No statistical differences were observed among unfilled sealants except when compared with Teethmate F-1. Similarly, no differences were observed when comparing among filled sealants and flowable composite. Conclusion Abrasive wear occurred in all sealants after brushing with dentifrice. Almost all unfilled sealants showed less wear compared with both filled sealants and flowable composite. However, the low abrasive values of all sealants after brushing with dentifrice implied that there is no clinical significance to this finding.

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Comparative Assay of the Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Effect of the Cotyledon and Pulp of Chrysophyllum albidum fruit

International Journal of Biochemistry Research & Review ◽

10.9734/ijbcrr/2021/v30i430263 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 41-52

Author(s):

Precious Uchenna Ezeobi ◽

Innocent Onyeze Igwilo ◽

Uchechukwu Chibuzo Ogbodo ◽

Josiah Ndukwe

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Nutritional Composition ◽

Total Carbohydrate ◽

Mean Values ◽

Lipid Peroxidation Inhibition

Background: Chrysophyllum albidum has been widely consumed for its flesh part as a fruit snack and source of vitamins but also grossly under-utilized because of dearth of knowledge on nutritional and therapeutic potencies of other fruit parts. This study thus aimed to comparatively determine the nutritional, phytochemical and in vitro antioxidant properties of the flesh and cotyledon of C. albidum. Methods: Proximate and phytochemical contents were determined according to the methods of Association of Official Analytical Chemists (2000). Mineral concentrations were evaluated using Atom Analyzer according to the protocols of AOAC (2000). Antioxidant properties were assayed through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl radical scavenging, reducing power and lipid peroxidation abilities according to the methods of Barros et al (2007). Results: Findings indicated a higher percentage contents of ash (3.83 ± 0.38), moisture (13.86 ± 0.84), crude fiber (11.07 ± 2.72) and crude protein (7.44 ± 0.44) in the flesh than the cotyledon of C. albidum, which were insignificantly different (p > 0.05). On the other hand, crude fat (13.80 ± 2.60) and total carbohydrate (64.96 ± 2.77) were found to be more in the cotyledon than the flesh but also not significantly different (p > 0.05). The mineral analysis revealed a higher but insignificantly different (p > 0.05) concentrations of iron (2.31 ± 0.22), copper (1.23 ± 0.09), zinc (2.94 ± 0.12) and potassium (1.48 ± 0.09) in the flesh than the cotyledon whereas cobalt (3.09 ± 0.92), magnesium (21.13 ± 0.58), sodium (16.27 ± 0.62) and selenium (4.24 ± 0.28) were more in the cotyledon than the flesh although insignificantly different (p > 0.05). While the flesh was observed to significantly contain high total phenol values, the cotyledon showed more significant mean values for tannin, oxalate, saponin and β-carotene than the flesh. The in vitro DPPH free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition findings indicated higher antioxidant activities in the flesh than in the seed. Conclusion: Conclusively, the flesh and seed fruit parts of C. albidum showed considerable and significant amounts of the parameters under study, which can be further exploited for their nutritional and pharmacological essence.

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Inhibitory Effect of Antidesma bunius Fruit Extract on Carbohydrate Digestive Enzymes Activity and Protein Glycation In Vitro

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10010032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Pattamaporn Aksornchu ◽

Netima Chamnansilpa ◽

Sirichai Adisakwattana ◽

Thavaree Thilavech ◽

Charoonsri Choosak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Digestive Enzyme ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Protein Glycation ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ic50 Values

Antidesma bunius (L.) spreng (Mamao) is widely distributed in Northeastern Thailand. Antidesma bunius has been reported to contain anthocyanins, which possess antioxidant and antihypertensive actions. However, the antidiabetic and antiglycation activity of Antidesma bunius fruit extract has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory activity of anthocyanin-enriched fraction of Antidesma bunius fruit extract (ABE) against pancreatic α-amylase, intestinal α-glucosidase (maltase and sucrase), protein glycation, as well as antioxidant activity. A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) chromatogram revealed that ABE contained phytochemical compounds such as cyanidin-3-glucoside, delphinidin-3-glucoside, ellagic acid, and myricetin-3-galactoside. ABE inhibited intestinal maltase and sucrase activity with the IC50 values of 0.76 ± 0.02 mg/mL and 1.33 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, ABE (0.25 mg/mL) reduced the formation of fluorescent AGEs and the level of Nε-carboxymethyllysine (Nε-CML) in fructose and glucose-induced protein glycation during four weeks of incubation. During the glycation process, the protein carbonyl and β-amyloid cross structure were decreased by ABE (0.25 mg/mL). In addition, ABE exhibited antioxidant activity through DPPH radical scavenging activity and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) with the IC50 values 15.84 ± 0.06 µg/mL and 166.1 ± 2.40 µg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) showed an EC50 value of 182.22 ± 0.64 µg/mL. The findings suggest that ABE may be a promising agent for inhibiting carbohydrate digestive enzyme activity, reducing monosaccharide-induced protein glycation, and antioxidant activity.

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Characterization, Stability, and Bioaccessibility of Betalain and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii Fruits and Products of Their Industrialization

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10071593 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1593

Author(s):

Iván Gómez-López ◽

Gloria Lobo-Rodrigo ◽

María P. Portillo ◽

M. Pilar Cano

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽

Fruit Peel ◽

Full Characterization ◽

In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽

Quercetin Glycoside

The aim of the present study was the full characterization, quantification, and determination of the digestive stability and bioaccessibility of individual betalain and phenolic compounds of Opuntia stricta, var. Dillenii fresh fruits (peel, pulp, and whole fruit) and of the products of the industrialization to obtain jam (raw pressed juice (product used for jam formulation), by-product (bagasse), and frozen whole fruit (starting material for jam production)). Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii fruits and products profile showed 60 betalain and phenolic compounds that were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and HPLC-DAD-MS/QTOF, being 25 phenolic acids (including isomers and derivatives), 12 flavonoids (including glycosides), 3 ellagic acids (including glycosides and derivative), and 20 betanins (including degradation compounds). In vitro gastrointestinal digestion was performed by INFOGEST® protocol. Fruit pulp showed the greater content of total betalains (444.77 mg/100 g f.w.), and jam only showed very low amounts of two betanin degradation compounds, Cyclo-dopa-5-O-β-glucoside (and its isomer) (0.63 mg/100 f.w.), and two Phyllocactin derivatives (1.04 mg/100 g f.w.). Meanwhile, fruit peel was the richer tissue in total phenolic acids (273.42 mg/100 g f.w.), mainly in piscidic acid content and total flavonoids (7.39 mg/100 g f.w.), isorhamnetin glucoxyl-rhamnosyl-pentoside (IG2) being the most abundant of these compounds. The stability of betalains and phenolic compounds during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion is reported in the present study. In Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii pulp (the edible fraction of the fresh fruit), the betanin bioaccessibility was only 22.9%, and the flavonoid bioaccessibility ranged from 53.7% to 30.6%, depending on the compound. In non-edible samples, such as peel sample (PE), the betanin bioaccessibility was 42.5% and the greater bioaccessibility in flavonoids was observed for quercetin glycoside (QG1) 53.7%, the fruit peel being the most interesting material to obtain antioxidant extracts, attending to its composition on antioxidant compounds and their bioaccessibilities.

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Functional Effects of Pomegranate Peel Extracts on Milk: Antibacterial Measurements, Antioxidant Activities, and Photochemical Characterizations

Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy ◽

10.1166/jbmb.2021.2097 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 571-579

Author(s):

Rokayya Sami ◽

Ebtihal Khojah ◽

Mona Alharbi ◽

Amina A. M. Al-Mushhin ◽

Mohammed Saeed Alkaltham ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Water Extract ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Pomegranate Peel ◽

Bacteria Growth ◽

Wonderful Variety ◽

Ic50 Values

Consumers are interested in antimicrobial by-products from natural sources. The present study aims to estimate the antibacterial effects of different concentrations and solvent extracts such as methanol, ethanol, and water extract of pomegranate peels with the milk quality application in-vitro. Listeria monocytogens, E. coli, Salmonella, and Staphylococcus aureus were used as bacteria growth indicators in two pomegranate varieties (i.e., Wonderful and Francis). Besides, evaluating somephysical characterization, antibacterial and antioxidant activities. Results showed that the highest inhibition zone of 18.88 mm was observed with 90% ethanol extract of Wonderful variety against Listeria monocytogens, at 0, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/mL concentrations, while the lowest inhibition zone of 11.29 mm was observed with 90% methanol extract of Francis variety, at 12.5 mg/mL concentration. The milk treated with WPE of Wonderful variety maintained the bacterial growth from 1.19 ±0.29 x 109 to 1.43 x 1011 CFU/mL at 4 °C. Punicalagin was the most abundant polyphenolic compound (165.05–190.43 µg/mL) followed by gallic acid (153.08–177.65 µg/mL), and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (91.29–92.5 mg/mL). Acetaldehyde (23.09–27.15 PPM), followed by acetoin (9.65–15.33 PPM) were the most predominant volatile compounds. The WPE treated milk maintained the sensory evaluations such as taste, color, texture, and overall acceptance longer time longer time (i.e., 144 h) than FPE treated milk (i.e., 168 h) at 4°C. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging of capacity (IC50 values) of FPE treated milk were found to be lower than WPE treated milk (i.e., 159.65 µg/mL and 131.87 µg/mL), respectively. While, FPE treated milk reported a higher viscosity content than WPE treated milk (13.11 cP). In conclusion, pomegranate peel extracts especially Wonderful variety may be used to prolong the shelf-life of milk in dairy products manufacturers.

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IN-SILICO AND IN VITRO ASSESSMENT OF SYNTHESIZED DIAZENYLSULFONAMIDES AS APOPTOSIS INDUCERS AND RADICAL SCAVENGERS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽

10.53879/id.57.06.12458 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 57 (06) ◽

pp. 49-59

Author(s):

Priyambada Kshiroda Nandini Sarangi ◽

Jyotirmaya Sahoo ◽

Chita Ranjan Sahoo ◽

Sudhir Kumar Paidesetty ◽

Guru Prasad Mohanta

Keyword(s):

Cell Line ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Cancer Cell Line ◽

Scavenging Effect ◽

Ic50 Values ◽

Radical Scavenging Effect ◽

The Individual ◽

Mcf 7

A series of eight quinoline-thiazole hybrid-bearing diazenylsulfonamides, 4a-4h, were synthesized and characterized by UV-Vis, FT/IR, 1H NMR and lC-MS. These compounds were formed when two prepared intermediate precursors of Schiff-base compounds, (E)-N-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-4phenylthiazol-2-amine (3a) and (E)-N-((2-chloroquinolin-3-yl)methylene)-4-chlorophenylthiazol-2-amine (3b) were converted to the corresponding diazenyl compounds 4a-4h by treating and coupling with the individual diazonium salts of sulfa-drugs. The results of in vitro cytotoxic activity of the synthesized compounds in two cancer cell lines MCF 7 (human breast cancer cell line) and K562 (myelogenousleukemia cell line) have shown the IC50 values as given: 4b against MCF 7 19.52 and against K562 20.55µM; 4d against MCF 7 15.96 and against K562 13.05µM. Moreover, the compound 4-(((Z)-(2-chloroquinolin-3yl)(4-phenylthiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)diazenyl)benzenesulfonic acid (4d) induced maximum percentage of apoptosis. Furthermore, the in vitro antioxidant activity study revealed that among all the synthesized compounds, compound 4d has an excellent radical scavenging effect. Molecular docking was additionally performed to investigate the binding affinity of H-bonding interaction of synthesized compounds with a targeted enzyme and to compare it with the anticancer drugs, dasatinib, bosutinib and dacarbazine.

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Zawartość związków fenolowych w ekstrakcie z propolisu oraz ocena jego aktywności przeciwutleniającej i cytoochronnej względem erytrocytów ludzkich w warunkach stresu oksydacyjnego in vitro

Postępy Fitoterapii ◽

10.25121/pf.2019.20.1.18 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Magdalena Woźniak ◽

Lucyna Mrówczyńska ◽

Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽

Marta Babicka ◽

Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Free Radicals ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Human Erythrocytes ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

Natural Material ◽

Propolis Extract

Introduction. Propolis (bee glue) is a natural product collected by honeybees from buds of various trees, shrubs and other plant species. Extracts of propolis possess numerous biological activities, including antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal and anticancer. For this reason, propolis is currently used in many applications, such as preparations for cold syndrome, dermatological preparations or as a constituent of nutritional supplements and health food. The chemical composition of this natural material is very complex and depending on many factors, including method of extraction and selection of the solvent for the extraction process. Aim. The aim of the study was to determine concentration of selected phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic acids) in extract of Polish propolis and estimate its antioxidant activity and effect on human red blood cells. Material and methods. In the propolis extract was determined concentration of 14 flavonoids and 9 phenolic acids using ultra-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode detector and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. The antioxidant potential of propolis extract was evaluated applying DPPH˙ free radical scavenging activity assay and Fe3+ reducing power assay. Moreover, the cytotoxicity and cytoprotective potential of propolis extract was estimated using human erythrocytes in vitro. Results. The propolis extract contained high concentration of pinocembrin, galangin, chrysin, apigenin, kaempferol, coumaric acid and cinnamic acid. It exhibited also high antioxidant potential. The antiradical activity of examined propolis extract was equal to 75% approx. activity of both standard antioxidants used in the study, namely Trolox and BHT. The reducing power of extract was equal to 65% approx. of Trolox and 80% of BHT, respectively. The propolis extract had no hemolytic activity, moreover, effectively protected human erythrocytes against free radicals-induced damage in vitro. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the propolis extract of national origin is a rich source of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Therefore, the propolis extract possesses a high antioxidant potential and can protect erythrocytes against free radicals-induced oxidative hemolysis.

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EVALUATION OF IN VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND α-AMYLASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF PHYLLANTHUS INDOFISCHERI BENNET

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i11.14013 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kalpana S ◽

Ramakrushna B. ◽

Anitha S.

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Activity ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Aluminium Chloride ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Flavonoid Content ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Ic50 Values

Objective: The present study evaluates the antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity of leaf and bark extracts of Phyllanthus indofischeri with methanol and water as solvents. In addition to this, the total phenolic content and total flavonoid content was determined.Methods: The total phenolic and total flavonoid content of the extracts was determined by folin ciocaletus reagent method and aluminium chloride colorimetric method respectively. The antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity were measured by various assays, including α, α-diphenyl-ẞ-dipicryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, superoxide radical scavenging, total antioxidant capacity by phosphomolybdate method and porcine pancreatic α-amylase inhibitory assay. The IC50 values were calculated and compared with standards such as gallic acid, ascorbic acid and α-acarbose.Results: The results illustrated that all the extracts of Phyllanthus indofischeri exhibit significant antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity. Among the extracts, methanolic leaf extract showed high levels of activity followed by bark water extract.Conclusion: Phyllanthus indofischeri extracts had shown antioxidant and α-amylase inhibitory activity. On the basis of these results, Phyllanthus indofischeri can be used as a natural antioxidant and hypoglycemic agent against various disorders related to oxidative stress; and the isolation of bioactive compounds was warranted.

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Biomechanical study of thoracolumbar junction fixation devices with different diameter dual-rod systems

Journal of Neurosurgery Spine ◽

10.3171/spi.2006.4.3.206 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 206-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ung-Kyu Chang ◽

Jesse Lim ◽

Daniel H. Kim

Keyword(s):

Biomechanical Testing ◽

Load Sharing ◽

Biomechanical Study ◽

Compression Force ◽

Mean Values ◽

Fixation Devices ◽

Thoracolumbar Region ◽

Rod System ◽

The Mean

Object Advances in the design of a smaller-diameter rod system for use in the thoracolumbar region prompted the authors to undertake this biomechanical study of two different thoracolumbar implants. Methods In vitro biomechanical testing was performed using human cadaveric spines. All specimens were loaded to a maximum moment of 5 Nm with 300-N axial preload in six modes of motion. Two types of anterior implants with different rod diameters were applied to intact T10–12 specimens in two groups. The loading was repeated and the range of motion (ROM) was measured. A T-11 corpectomy was then performed and a strain gauge–mounted carbon fiber stackable cage was implanted. The ROM and compression force on the cage were measured, and the mean values were compared between these two groups. With stabilization of the intact spine, ROM decreased least in extension and greatest in bending compared with the intact specimens. After corpectomy and stabilization, ROM increased in extension by 104.89 ± 53.09% in specimens with a 6.35-mm rod insertion and by 83.81 ± 16.96% in those with a 5.5-mm rod, respectively; in flexion, ROM decreased by 26.98 ± 27.43% (6.35 mm) and by 9.59 ± 15.42% (5.5 mm), respectively; and in bending and rotation, both groups each showed a decrease in ROM. The load sharing of the cage was similar between the two groups (the 6.35-mm compared with 5.5-mm rods): 47.44 and 44.73% (neutral), 49.16 and 39.02% (extension), 61.90 and 56.88% (flexion), respectively. Conclusions There were no statistical differences in the ROM and load sharing of the cage when either the 6.35-or 5.5-mm-diameter dual-rod was used.

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