scholarly journals Rendering Mortars with Low Sand and Cement Content. Incorporation of Sanitary Ware Waste and Forest Biomass Ashes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Brazão Farinha ◽  
Jorge de Brito ◽  
Rosário Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Sanitary Ware ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Cement Powder ◽  
Biomass Ashes

The incorporation of wastes in new materials and products is an emerging trend, reducing virgin materials’ consumption and landfill deposition and the associated environmental impacts. Cement-based mortars can encapsulate some wastes, with the benefits stated above. In three previous researches, it was found that forest biomass bottom ashes (up to 15% by volume of cement), powder of sanitary ware (up to 20% by volume of sand) and sanitary ware particles above 2 mm (100% by volume of sand) can be incorporated in rendering mortars, replacing cement or sand. Several tests were performed, and it was found that each waste’s incorporation presents advantages and limitations, when compared with a reference mortar. In this research, the aim was to take advantage of the best features of each waste, combining them in order to optimize the new mortars’ characteristics. Therefore, mortars with one, two and three wastes were analysed in this research. The ternary mix mortar had a volume of wastes equal to 83%, resulting in a mortar with 15% less cement (by volume) and without any natural aggregate (all replaced with the sanitary ware wastes). The fresh, water and mechanical behaviour of the mortars with and without wastes are presented in this research. It was concluded that it is possible to take advantage of the best features of each waste and achieve mortars simultaneously with high volume of wastes and a better performance than the reference mortar (without wastes).

Commercial MEMS Case Studies: The Impact of Materials, Processes and Designs

2008 ◽  
Vol 1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Martin
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
New Product ◽  
High Volume ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Product Planning ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Devices

AbstractMinimizing risk is an important factor in new product planning because high volume breakthrough products require tens of millions of dollars to develop and bring to market. Sometimes risk can be minimized by following the IC model: build new devices on an existing process – just change the mask set. This approach obviously has limits. Adoption of new materials and processes greatly expands the horizon for “disruptive” products. This paper uses a case study approach to examine how changes in masks, materials and unit processes were used, and will continue to be used, to produce MEMS products for high volume applications.

scholarly journals Mechanical behaviour and durability of high volume fly ash cementitious composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (38) ◽  
pp. 305-318
Author(s):  
Usman Haider ◽  
Zdenek Bittnar ◽  
Lubomír Kopecky ◽  
Petr Bittnar ◽  
Jiri Nemecek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Mechanical Behaviour ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Cementitious Composites ◽  
High Volume Fly Ash

scholarly journals Consumption of superplasticizer admixture for different cements and their binder efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1260-1287
Author(s):  
R. T. CECEL ◽  
P. C. R. A. ABRÃO ◽  
F. A. CARDOSO ◽  
V. M. JOHN
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Limestone Filler ◽  
Blended Cements ◽  
Significant Variability ◽  
Optimum Content ◽  
Flow Table

Abstract The optimum content of ether polycarboxylate-based superplasticizer, determined by rotational rheometry, and its effects on the environmental impacts of concretes were studied for cement and limestone filler. To assess the consistency and water reduction, flow-table tests were performed. Then, cement content reduction and binder and carbon intensity indexes were determined through estimation based on theoretical concretes. The evaluated pure and blended cements present significant variability of the optimum consumption of the admixture. The fillers consumed less superplasticizer per area than the other materials and compositions with fillers allowed for greater reduction of water content. The mixtures with superplasticizer presented lower cement rate and binder and carbon intensity indexes. The usage of this type of admixture in optimal content can reduce environment impacts, according to the parameters analyzed.

Reduction of cement content in renderings with fine sanitary ware aggregates

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1605-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Farinha ◽  
J. de Brito ◽  
R. Veiga ◽  
J. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Cement Content ◽  
Sanitary Ware

Applicable Solvent Photoresist Strip Process for High-K/Metal Gate

2012 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Masayuki Wada ◽  
H. Takahashi ◽  
J. Snow ◽  
Rita Vos ◽  
P.W. Mertens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Volume ◽  
Device Fabrication ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Metal Gate ◽  
Technology Innovations ◽  
Integration Schemes ◽  
High K ◽  
Wet Processing ◽  
Near Future ◽  
28 Nm

In the very near future 32(28)-nm node device technology innovations will enter high volume manufacturing. New materials and structures, e.g. high-k (HK), high-k cap (HK cap), metal gate (MG) and SiGe channel, are being highly considered. Requirements for wet processing are varied according to metal-first or metal-last integration schemes. [1, 2, 3] One of the biggest challenges in wet processing for implementing new materials and structures is to achieve both high selectivity and low substrate loss. At some wet cleaning or etching processes, standard chemicals, e.g. APM, HF and O3, can be accommodated by optimizing the chemical condition. However, photoresist (PR) strip processes require the development of new chemicals or techniques, since SPM does not have sufficient compatibility against presently reported materials. This study focused on the PR strip technique via the dissolution and swelling effects in solvent, and an applicable process technique and its effectiveness for 32(28)-nm and beyond device fabrication is reported.

Using Biomass Ashes in Concretes Exposed to Salted Water and Freshwater: Mechanical and Chemical Properties

2012 ◽  
Vol 587 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
Rui Barbosa ◽  
Diogo Dias ◽  
Nuno Lapa ◽  
Benilde Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Reference Formulation ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
Biomass Ashes ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The main aim of this work was to assess the possibility of using biomass ashes as substitutes for cement and natural aggregates in concretes without compromising their mechanical and chemical properties. Thirteen concrete formulations were prepared with different percentages of bottom and fly ashes produced at a forest biomass power plant. These formulations were submitted to mechanical compressive strength assays, after 28, 60 and 90 days of maturation. The reference formulation F1 that was produced without biomass ashes and one formulation incorporating fly and bottom ashes, F4, were selected for further characterization. After 90 days of maturation, the selected formulations were submitted to the leaching test described in the European Standard EN12457-2 (L/S ratio of 10 L/kg, in a batch extraction cycle of 24h) by using two different leaching agents: a synthetic marine medium (ASPM medium) and a synthetic freshwater medium (ISO 6341 medium). The eluates produced were submitted to chemical characterization which comprised a set of metals (As, Sb, Se, Cu, Zn, Ba, Hg, Cd, Mo, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cr VI, Al, Fe, Mg, Na, K and Ca), pH, SO42-, F-, dissolved organic carbon, chlorides, phenolic compounds and total dissolved solids. The substitution of 10% cement by fly ashes has not promoted the reduction of the compressive strength of concrete. The new formulation F4 has presented emission levels of chemical species similar or even lower to those observed for the reference formulation F1.

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