scholarly journals Development of Track Support Stiffness Measurement and Evaluation System for Slab Tracks

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4344
Author(s):  
Jung-Youl Choi ◽  
Sun-Hee Kim ◽  
Man-Hwa Kim ◽  
Jee-Seung Chung
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Material ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Spring Stiffness ◽  
Elastic Materials ◽  
Stiffness Measurement ◽  
Variation Rate ◽  
Current Operating Condition ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation

The track support stiffness measurement and evaluation system for slab tracks proposed in this study enables the calculation of the load–displacement diagram at the various measurement positions. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the track support stiffness directly on-site without evaluating the spring stiffness of the elastic material through sampling or in situ testing, also enabling the evaluation of the deterioration of the elastic material. In addition, the performance evaluation data for elastic materials obtained through field tests using measurement equipment and software to track support stiffness are integrated and managed on the administrator′s computer. Therefore, the replacement plan is established, and the maintenance history is managed by identifying the replacement time and location of elastic materials. It is possible to evaluate the performance and condition of the elastic material at various points during track inspection and the track support stiffness and durability of the elastic material (spring stiffness variation rate, replacement periods, among others) at the current operating condition.

scholarly journals Underwater Holographic Sensor for Plankton Studies In Situ Including Accompanying Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4863
Author(s):  
Victor Dyomin ◽  
Alexandra Davydova ◽  
Igor Polovtsev ◽  
Alexey Olshukov ◽  
Nikolay Kirillov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Ocean ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Measuring Systems ◽  
Water Turbidity ◽  
Background Data ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Size Dispersion

The paper presents an underwater holographic sensor to study marine particles—a miniDHC digital holographic camera, which may be used as part of a hydrobiological probe for accompanying (background) measurements. The results of field measurements of plankton are given and interpreted, their verification is performed. Errors of measurements and classification of plankton particles are estimated. MiniDHC allows measurement of the following set of background data, which is confirmed by field tests: plankton concentration, average size and size dispersion of individuals, particle size distribution, including on major taxa, as well as water turbidity and suspension statistics. Version of constructing measuring systems based on modern carriers of operational oceanography for the purpose of ecological diagnostics of the world ocean using autochthonous plankton are discussed. The results of field measurements of plankton using miniDHC as part of a hydrobiological probe are presented and interpreted, and their verification is carried out. The results of comparing the data on the concentration of individual taxa obtained using miniDHC with the data obtained by the traditional method using plankton catching with a net showed a difference of no more than 23%. The article also contains recommendations for expanding the potential of miniDHC, its purpose indicators, and improving metrological characteristics.

scholarly journals Characterization of interferences to in situ observations of <i>δ</i><sup>13</sup>CH<sub>4</sub> and C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> when using a cavity ring-down spectrometer at industrial sites

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2077-2091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Assan ◽  
Alexia Baudic ◽  
Ali Guemri ◽  
Philippe Ciais ◽  
Valerie Gros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Isotopic Signature ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Industrial Sites ◽  
Source Determination ◽  
Infrared Spectral ◽  
The Subject

Abstract. Due to increased demand for an understanding of CH4 emissions from industrial sites, the subject of cross sensitivities caused by absorption from multiple gases on δ13CH4 and C2H6 measured in the near-infrared spectral domain using CRDS has become increasingly important. Extensive laboratory tests are presented here, which characterize these cross sensitivities and propose corrections for the biases they induce. We found methane isotopic measurements to be subject to interference from elevated C2H6 concentrations resulting in heavier δ13CH4 by +23.5 ‰ per ppm C2H6 ∕ ppm CH4. Measured C2H6 is subject to absorption interference from a number of other trace gases, predominantly H2O (with an average linear sensitivity of 0.9 ppm C2H6 per  % H2O in ambient conditions). Yet, this sensitivity was found to be discontinuous with a strong hysteresis effect and we suggest removing H2O from gas samples prior to analysis. The C2H6 calibration factor was calculated using a GC and measured as 0.5 (confirmed up to 5 ppm C2H6). Field tests at a natural gas compressor station demonstrated that the presence of C2H6 in gas emissions at an average level of 0.3 ppm shifted the isotopic signature by 2.5 ‰, whilst after calibration we find that the average C2H6 : CH4 ratio shifts by +0.06. These results indicate that, when using such a CRDS instrument in conditions of elevated C2H6 for CH4 source determination, it is imperative to account for the biases discussed within this study.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Accuracy of a Multi-Beam LED Scanner Sensor for Measuring Olive Canopies

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 4406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Sola-Guirado ◽  
Sergio Bayano-Tejero ◽  
Antonio Rodríguez-Lizana ◽  
Jesús Gil-Ribes ◽  
Antonio Miranda-Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Test ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Relative Error ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Canopy Trees ◽  
Canopy Volume

Canopy characterization has become important when trying to optimize any kind of agricultural operation in high-growing crops, such as olive. Many sensors and techniques have reported satisfactory results in these approaches and in this work a 2D laser scanner was explored for measuring canopy trees in real-time conditions. The sensor was tested in both laboratory and field conditions to check its accuracy, its cone width, and its ability to characterize olive canopies in situ. The sensor was mounted on a mast and tested in laboratory conditions to check: (i) its accuracy at different measurement distances; (ii) its measurement cone width with different reflectivity targets; and (iii) the influence of the target’s density on its accuracy. The field tests involved both isolated and hedgerow orchards, in which the measurements were taken manually and with the sensor. The canopy volume was estimated with a methodology consisting of revolving or extruding the canopy contour. The sensor showed high accuracy in the laboratory test, except for the measurements performed at 1.0 m distance, with 60 mm error (6%). Otherwise, error remained below 20 mm (1% relative error). The cone width depended on the target reflectivity. The accuracy decreased with the target density.

Traction-Soil Compaction Tradeoffs as a Function of Dynamic Soil-Tire Interation Due to Varying Soil and Loading Conditions

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrini Upadhyaya ◽  
Dan Wolf ◽  
William J. Chancellor ◽  
Itzhak Shmulevich ◽  
Amos Hadas
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Strain Rate Effects ◽  
Disturbed Soil ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The objectives of this study were to investigate soil-pneumatic tire interaction and develop traction-soil compaction prediction model. We have developed an inverse solution technique that employs a response surface methodology to determine engineering properties of soil in-situ. This technique is useful in obtaining actual properties of soil in-situ for use in traction and soil compaction studies rather than using the values obtained in the laboratory by employing remolded and/or disturbed soil samples. We have conducted extensive field tests i the U.S. to develop semi-empirical traction prediction equation for radial ply tires. A user friendly traction-soil compaction program was developed to predict tractive ability of radial ply tires using several different techniques and to estimate soil compaction induced by these tires. A traction prediction model that incorporates strain rate effects on the tractive ability of tires was developed in Israel. A mobile single wheel tester and an in-situ soil test device were developed i Israel to significantly enhance the ability of Israeli investigators to conduct traction-soil compaction research. This project has resulted in close cooperation between UCD, Technion, and ARO, which will be instrumental in future collaboration.

Dual oxidase (DUOX) system genes defects in Children with Congenital Hypothyroidism

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengqi Wang ◽  
Li Xiaole ◽  
Ruixin Ma ◽  
Dehua Zhao ◽  
Shiguo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Target Region ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ef Hand ◽  
Dual Oxidase ◽  
Variation Rate ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Purpose The objectives of this study were to analyze the distribution of Dual oxidase (DUOX) system genes (containing DUOX2, DUOX1, DUOXA2 and DUOXA1) variants in children with congenital hypothyroidism and their phenotypes. Methods Target region sequencing technology was performed on DUOX system genes among 606 congenital hypothyroidism (CH) subjects covering all the exon and intron regions. Detailed clinical data were collected for statistical analysis. Results A total of 95 suspected pathogenic variants were detected in the DUOX system genes, showing a 39.11% rate in variant carrying (237/606). DUOX2 was with the highest rate in this study. There were statistical difference in maximum adjusted dose and current dose of L-T4 between the DUOX system genes non-mutated group with the mutated group (p&lt;0.001; p&lt;0.001). The cases in DUOX system genes mutated group were more likely to develop into transient CH (χ 2 = 23.155, p&lt;0.001) and more likely to manifested as goiter or gland-in-situ (χ 2 = 66.139, p&lt;0.001). In addition, there was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between DUOX system genes mono-allelic and non mono-allelic. Although 20% of the variants affected the functional domain regions (EF hand, and FAD and NADPH binding sites), there was no significant effect on the phenotype severity whether the variation is located in the functional domain regions. Conclusions Our results showed the high variation rate of DUOX2 in the DUOX system genes among the Chinese CH patients. And the complex genotype-phenotype relationship of DUOX system genes broadened the understanding of CH phenotype spectrum.

Evaluating the Impact and ROI of Medical Education Programs

2020 ◽  
pp. 261-293
Author(s):  
Timothy R. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Framework ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Organizational Excellence ◽  
Medical Education Program ◽  
Measurement And Evaluation

Medical education programs must deliver valued results that stakeholders expect in return for their funding investments. In the past, healthcare organizations accepted reports about test results and participant perceptions of the program as adequate evidence of course outcomes. Today, program funders expect evaluations that provide evidence that medical education programs improve organizational excellence measures to justify ongoing funding. This chapter will explain four of the five elements required of a proven, comprehensive evaluation system. This five-element system is necessary to provide the desired organizational excellence evidence that medical educators can adopt to address the needs of stakeholders at different levels of an organization. Specifically, this chapter will overview an evaluation framework, a process model, and guiding principles that are crucial elements of this methodology. The chapter ends with a case study that shows how a medical education team used this measurement and evaluation methodology to plan how they would design and evaluate a medical education program requested by executives to solve an ICU central line infection problem.

Linear Anisotropic Elastic Materials

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. T. C. Ting
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Elastic Material ◽  
Positive Definite ◽  
Material Symmetry ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Elastic Materials ◽  
Rectangular Coordinate System ◽  
Full Symmetry ◽  
Anisotropic Elastic ◽  
Anisotropic Elastic Material

The relations between stresses and strains in an anisotropic elastic material are presented in this chapter. A linear anisotropic elastic material can have as many as 21 elastic constants. This number is reduced when the material possesses a certain material symmetry. The number of elastic constants is also reduced, in most cases, when a two-dimensional deformation is considered. An important condition on elastic constants is that the strain energy must be positive. This condition implies that the 6×6 matrices of elastic constants presented herein must be positive definite. Referring to a fixed rectangular coordinate system x1, x2, x3, let σij and εks be the stress and strain, respectively, in an anisotropic elastic material. The stress-strain law can be written as . . . σij = Cijksεks . . . . . .(2.1-1). . . in which Cijks are the elastic stiffnesses which are components of a fourth rank tensor. They satisfy the full symmetry conditions . . . Cijks = Cjiks, Cijks = Cijsk, Cijks = Cksij. . . . . . .(2.1-2). . .

Development of an in Situ 3He NSF Using SEOP Technique with an Evaluation System for the Pulsed Neutron Source

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (S1) ◽  
pp. S165-S168
Author(s):  
T. Okudaira ◽  
T. Oku ◽  
K. Sakai ◽  
T. Ino ◽  
H. Hayashida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Source ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Pulsed Neutron ◽  
Pulsed Neutron Source

scholarly journals Investigation on Surface Tilting in the Failure Process of Shallow Landslides

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2662
Author(s):  
Shifan Qiao ◽  
Chaobo Feng ◽  
Pengkun Yu ◽  
Junkun Tan ◽  
Taro Uchimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Warning ◽  
Slip Surface ◽  
Failure Process ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Field Monitoring ◽  
Landslide Monitoring ◽  
Warning Systems ◽  
Tilt Sensors

In recent decades, early warning systems to predict the occurrence of landslides using tilt sensors have been developed and employed in slope monitoring due to their low cost and simple installation. Although many studies have been carried out to validate the efficiency of these early warning systems, few studies have been carried out to investigate the tilting direction of tilt sensors at the slope surface, which have revealed controversial results in field monitoring. In this paper, the tilting direction and the pre-failure tilting behavior of slopes were studied by performing a series of model tests as well as two field tests. These tests were conducted under various testing conditions. Tilt sensors with different rod lengths were employed to investigate the mechanism of surface tilting. The test results show that the surface tilting measured by the tilt sensors with no rods and those with short rods located above the slip surface are consistent, while the tilting monitored by the tilt sensors with long rods implies an opposite rotational direction. These results are important references to understand the controversial surface tilting behavior in in situ landslide monitoring cases and imply the correlation between the depth of the slip surface of the slope and the surface tilting in in situ landslide monitoring cases, which can be used as the standard for tilt sensor installation in field monitoring.

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