scholarly journals Monotonic and Fatigue Properties of Steel Material Manufactured by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 5238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wächter ◽  
Marcel Leicher ◽  
Moritz Hupka ◽  
Chris Leistner ◽  
Lukas Masendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Characteristic Values ◽  
The One ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

In this study, the monotonic and cyclic material properties of steel material of medium static strength produced additively in the wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) process were investigated. This investigated material is expected to be particularly applicable to the field of mechanical engineering, for which practical applications of the WAAM process are still pending and for which hardly any characteristic values can be found in the literature so far. The focus of the investigation was, on the one hand, to determine how the material characteristics are influenced by the load direction in relation to the layered structure and, on the other hand, how they are affected by different interlayer temperatures. For this purpose, monotonic tensile tests were carried out at room temperature as well as at elevated temperatures, and the cyclic material properties were determined. In addition, the hardness of the material and the residual stresses induced during production were measured and compared. In addition to the provision of characteristic properties for the investigated material, it was aimed to determine the extent to which the interlayer temperature influences the strength characteristics, since this can have a considerable influence on the production times and, thus, the economic efficiency of the process.

scholarly journals Effects of Material Properties on Angular Distortion in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing: Experimental and Computational Analyses

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Sang-Cheol Park ◽  
Hee-Seon Bang ◽  
Woo-Jae Seong
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Heat Input ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Angular Distortion ◽  
Substrate Thickness ◽  
Deformation Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature Dependent Properties ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

In wire arc additive manufacturing (AM), as in arc welding, arc heat thermally deforms substrates and articles. For industrial applications, deformation characteristics of various materials must be understood and appropriate materials and methods of reducing deformation must be devised. Therefore, angular distortions of different materials were investigated through bead-on-plate welding and finite element analysis. A model that simplifies temperature-dependent properties was developed to establish relationships between thermomechanical properties and angular distortion. A simplified model of temperature-dependent properties was used, and angular distortion characteristics were extensively investigated for different material properties and heat inputs. Coefficient of thermal expansion, density, and specific heat all notably affected angular distortion depending on heat input conditions. Results showed that during wire arc AM, flatness of both substrates and articles could vary depending on material properties, heat input, substrate thickness, and bead accumulation. Study findings can provide insight into deformation characteristics of new materials and how to mitigate thermal distortions.

Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing of Ni-Based Superalloys

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-270
Author(s):  
Evren Yasa ◽  
Ozgur Poyraz
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Complex Geometries ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Volume Production ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aerospace And Defense

Emerging additive manufacturing technologies have been gaining interest from different industries and widened their fields of application among aerospace and defense. The introduction of powder bed fusion processes was one of the significant developments in terms of direct metal part manufacturing of different materials and complex geometries, presenting good properties, and decreasing the need for tooling to allow fast product development as well as small-volume production. In this respect, nickel-based superalloys are one of the most employed material groups for aerospace and defense applications due to their mechanical strength, creep, wear, and oxidation resistance at both ambient and elevated temperatures. Nevertheless, the use of some materials has not become widespread due to several reasons such as processing difficulties, absence of design criteria or material properties. This chapter presents a comprehensive benchmark for powder bed fusion additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloys considering applications, characteristics, and limitations.

scholarly journals Material Properties of Features Produced from EN AW 6016 by Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 1129-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Ünsal ◽  
Markus Hirtler ◽  
Alexander Sviridov ◽  
Markus Bambach
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Microstructure and mechanical properties of specimens produced using the wire-arc additive manufacturing process

2019 ◽  
pp. 095440621988332
Author(s):  
A Astarita ◽  
G Campatelli ◽  
P Corigliano ◽  
G Epasto ◽  
F Montevecchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Layer Stacking ◽  
Static Tensile ◽  
X Ray Computed ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

The additive manufacturing technique is becoming popular and promising in recent years. Some steel ER70S-6 specimens were produced by wire arc additive manufacturing. Before the tensile tests, 3D X-ray computed tomography was applied to detect the presence of internal defects due to the production process. Static tensile tests were performed in order to analyze the influence of the different directions (deposition and layer stacking directions) on the mechanical properties. The digital image correlation technique was applied during the tests for detecting the displacement and strain fields, while infrared thermography was applied for detecting the temperature field of the specimen surface. After the mechanical tests, scanning electron microscopy was employed to analyze the fracture surfaces of the specimens. The results showed the presence of small defects that did not affect the mechanical properties of the specimens and no significant anisotropy was detected in the two directions (deposition and layer stacking directions).

scholarly journals Correlation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Metal Big Area Additive Manufacturing

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Shassere ◽  
Andrzej Nycz ◽  
Mark Noakes ◽  
Christopher Masuo ◽  
Niyanth Sridharan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Loop Control ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Metal Big Area Additive Manufacturing (MBAAM) is a novel wire-arc additive manufacturing method that uses a correction-based approach developed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). This approach is an integrated software method that minimizes the dynamic nature of welding and compensates for build height. The MBAAM process is used to fabricate simple geometry thin walled specimens, using a C-Mn steel weld wire, to investigate the scatter in mechanical properties and correlate them to the underlying microstructure. The uni-axial tensile tests show isotropic tensile and yield properties with respect to building directions, although some scatter in elongation is observed. Large scatter is observed in the Charpy Impact tests. The microstructure characterization reveals mostly homogenous ferrite grains with some pearlite, except for some changes in morphology and grain size at the interface between the build and the base plate. The measured properties and microstructure are compared with the toughness and strength values reported in the literature, and a hypothesis is developed to rationalize the differences. Overall, the MBAAM process creates stable, isotropic, and weld-like mechanical properties in the deposit, while achieving a precise geometry obtained through a real-time feedback sensing, closed loop control system.

An Experimental Determination of Johnson Cook Material and Failure Model Constants for Armour Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 990-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadeb Banerjee ◽  
Sankar Dhar ◽  
Sanjib Acharyya ◽  
Debasis Datta ◽  
Nityananda Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Dynamic Strain ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Dynamic Events ◽  
Steel Material ◽  
Armour Steel

An experimental programme for determination of the Johnson Cook material and failure model constants for a typical armour steel material is reported. Tensile tests on specimens made from the armour material have been conducted at quasi-static and dynamic strain rates and at ambient and elevated temperatures. The analysis of the experimental data generates the model constants that are required as inputs during numerical simulation of dynamic events like armour impact using Johnson Cook constitutive relation and failure model implemented in most of the commercially available Finite Element codes.

Design against Fatigue of Super Duplex Stainless Steel Structures Fabricated by Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing Process

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1965
Author(s):  
Andrew Sales ◽  
Andrei Kotousov ◽  
Ling Yin
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fatigue Tests ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Super Duplex Stainless Steels ◽  
Marine Applications ◽  
Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (AM) is increasingly used to make complex components for a wide spectrum of applications in engineering, medicine and dentistry. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), as one of AM processes, utilises electric arc and metal wire to fabricate fully dense and heavy metal parts at relatively low costs and high-energy efficiencies. WAAM was successfully applied in the production of several welding-based metal structures. Recently, there was a growing interest in WAAM processing of super duplex stainless steels (SDSS) due to their high strength and excellent corrosion resistance, which make them the prime choice for load-bearing structures in marine applications. Although a number of studies investigated the microstructural and mechanical properties of WAAM-processed SDSS components, little is known regarding their fatigue performance, which is critical in engineering design. This study reports on the outcomes of fatigue tests and fracture surface fractography of WAAM-processed SDSS. The results obtained indicate a significant anisotropy of fatigue properties and fatigue crack initiations resulting from internal defects rather than surface flaws. Based on these experimental results, we suggest an effective design methodology to improve the fatigue life of the WAAM-fabricated SDSS components. We also indicate that post-manufacturing surface treatments should not be underlined for the enhanced fatigue resistance of WAAM-processed SDSS structures.

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