scholarly journals Two-Lane Highways Crest Curve Design. The Case Study of Italian Guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8182
Author(s):  
Marco Guerrieri
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Vehicle Body ◽  
Height Distribution ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Curve Design ◽  
Statistical Sample

The main purpose of the research is to evaluate the crest vertical curves radii Rv, not considering a conventional value of the opposing vehicle height h2, but the average vehicle heights h2(m) and the value of the 15th percentile of the height distribution h2(15) of the passenger car population. The study only considered car models with more than 20,000 registered vehicles in Italy. One hundred and fifteen car models belonging to different brands were taken into consideration, for a total of over 9 million vehicles. For the statistical sample analyzed, the following vehicle heights were estimated: h2(m) = 1.48 m and h2(15) = 1.39 m. The deviations between the crest radii calculated with the Italian standard (h2 = 1.10 m), and those obtained for h2(m) = 1.48 m and h2(15) = 1.39 m are up to 12%. The differences ΔHv between the values of the visible vehicle body height Hv = Hv(t) calculated using, respectively, h2(15) = 1.39 m and h2(m) = 1.48 m are modest. The value h2(m) = 1.48 m could be adopted in order to reduce the highways construction costs. In fact, the research shows that the value h2 = 1.10 m is too conservative and leads to oversizing of the crest vertical curves. Therefore, it would be necessary to make an appropriate choice of h2 value in order to take into account the current heights of passenger cars.

Does Separating Trucks from Other Traffic Improve Overall Safety?

2005 ◽  
Vol 1922 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Lord ◽  
Dan Middleton ◽  
Jeffrey Whitacre
Keyword(s):  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Mixed Traffic ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Truck Traffic ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Crash Data ◽  
Vehicle Type

Decision makers have long speculated that building separate roads for trucks and passenger cars, or at least separating these into their own lanes, would accomplish two major objectives: (a) roadways would be made safer for passenger cars and (b) roadways designed specifically for a select class of vehicles rather than for all vehicles might represent overall savings in construction costs. This paper addresses the first objective. Recent studies on the evaluation of safety effects of truck traffic levels on general freeway facilities have not provided a clear understanding of how they affect the number of crashes. In some cases, studies have been contradictory. In addition, no studies have specifically compared passenger car–only with mixed-traffic freeway facilities. The research on which this paper is based aimed to assess whether more homogeneous flows of traffic by vehicle type are safer than the current mixed-flow scenario. An exploratory analysis of crash data was conducted on selected freeway sections of the New Jersey Turnpike for 2002. These sections operate as a dual–dual freeway facility: divided inner and outer lanes. At these locations, the inner lanes have the special characteristic of being for passenger cars only (homogeneous traffic). The selected sections, therefore, offer a very good opportunity to compare the crash experience between passenger car–only and mixed-traffic rural freeway facilities. The results of the study show that outer lanes experience more crashes, both when raw numbers are used and when exposure is included in the analysis. It was shown that truck-related crashes contribute significantly to the total number of crashes on the outer lanes. In fact, trucks are overinvolved in crashes given the exposure on these sections. Although the outcome of this study suggests that separating truck traffic from passenger cars for freeway facilities improves safety, further work is needed to understand the contributing factors leading to truck-related crashes in the outer lanes.

Highway cost allocation methodologies

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 680-687
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Ambo ◽  
F. R. Wilson ◽  
A. M. Sevens
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Cost Allocation ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Unit Costs ◽  
Light Trucks ◽  
Recreational Vehicles ◽  
Axle Loads ◽  
Discounted Costs

Four methodologies of life-cycle highway cost allocation were examined using the province of New Brunswick, Canada, as a case study. The first two methodologies were reported by Wong and Markov. The third methodology was suggested by Rilett et al. The fourth methodology was introduced as part of the research project. It was in line with the procedures practised in public accounts for the construction and maintenance of roads on a continuing basis. The four methodologies were tested using the same data base pertaining to vehicle types; traffic measures (independent vehicle, passenger car equivalents, and equivalent standard axle loads); and costs of construction, maintenance, and rehabilitation. These data were applicable to a major two-lane highway in the study area. Six sites were selected for the case study. An analysis period of 60 years, three traffic growth scenarios, and three pavement design periods were considered. Eleven types of vehicles, comprising passenger cars, light trucks and vans, trucks, buses, and recreational vehicles, were used in the analysis. The assessment of the methodologies resulted in the recommendation of, and the suggestions for, the costing of highways. Key words: equivalent standard axle loads, passenger car equivalents, vehicle count, life-cycle costing, unit costs, accumulated costs, annual costs, discounted costs.

scholarly journals Objective Evaluation of Drivability in Passenger Cars with Dual-Clutch Transmission: A Case Study of Static Gearshift Condition

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Xuexun Guo ◽  
Xiaofei Pei ◽  
Chengcai Zhang ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Dual Clutch Transmission ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Denoising Method ◽  
Fuzzy Matrix ◽  
Predictability Score

This paper is aimed at the problem that the subjective drivability evaluation by experienced test drivers is limited in time efficiency and is of high cost and poor repeatability. In this article, an intelligent drivability objective evaluation tool (I-DOET) for passenger cars with dual-clutch transmission (DCT) is developed and verified by real vehicle testing. First, the signal denoising method and its key parameters, which are suitable for drivability evaluation, are selected based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Besides, combined with the uncertainty characteristics of subjective judgment, a mathematical model of the objective drivability evaluation FARODE (fuzzy AHP-RS based on objective drivability evaluation) is proposed by using the fuzzy comprehensive assessment (FCA) method. The AHP and rough set (RS) method are used to calculate the subjective and objective weights of the drivability evaluation, respectively, and the proportion of subjective and objective weights is determined by the principle of minimum relative information entropy. The fuzzy matrix is built by membership function of the evaluation indexes. Finally, the static gearshift condition focused on by the subjective evaluation experts is taken as a case study. The predictability score is obtained by combining the drivability quantization lever vector, comprehensive weight, and fuzzy matrix. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is applicable for objective drivability evaluation in passenger cars with DCT.

Modeling inventory and environmental impacts of car maintenance and repair: A case study of Ford Focus passenger car

2021 ◽  
pp. 128085
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Danilecki ◽  
Jacek Eliasz ◽  
Piotr Smurawski ◽  
Wojciech Stanek ◽  
Andrzej Szlęk
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Maintenance And Repair

Innovation Failure: Losing Sight of the Big Picture

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Fortoul Obermöller
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Significant Step ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact

The Case Study section of the International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation serves two purposes. First, the case studies presented are concerned with problematical issues that are pertinent to students of entrepreneurship. Thus they constitute appropriate teaching and learning vehicles on a variety of postgraduate and undergraduate programmes. Each case study is accompanied by a set of guidelines for the use of tutors. Second, it is envisaged that those engaged in entrepreneurial activities will find the cases both interesting and useful. The case of PSA Peugeot Citroën's electric passenger car is an example of an innovation perceived as a failure because of its disappointing sales volume. Yet, by limiting our assessment of the electric passenger car to a short-term perspective, we may miss out on an essential part of its value. As part of a wider innovation process, the electric passenger car project is a significant step for PSA in its expertise regarding electric vehicles. Key learning outcomes: (a) to understand that innovation is a complex process with fuzzy frontiers, both in time and space; (b) to understand that innovation is a long-term investment with spillovers into other projects; (c) to be aware of the multiple perspectives that may be adopted when examining innovation; and (d) to be aware of the impact of labelling a project a failure.

Measurement of reverberation time of a passenger car utilizing the wavelet filter bank

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Kwon Lee ◽  
Dong-June Yu
Keyword(s):  
Filter Bank ◽  
Bandpass Filter ◽  
Wavelet Filter ◽  
Reverberation Time ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Concert Hall ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Wavelet Filter Bank

A few researchers have tried to find the measurement of the reverberation time of a passenger car. However, this has proved to be extremely difficult because the reverberation time of a passenger car is too short to measure using the traditional bandpass filter. If the reverberation time is very short, the product of the reverberation time ( T) and the bandwidth ( B) of the traditional bandpass filter is very small. The low level of the product BT required for the measurement of the reverberation time using the traditional bandpass filter is 16. In order to overcome this problem, the wavelet filter bank has been developed. In the paper, this new wavelet filter is employed to measure the reverberation times of five different classes of passenger car. The low level of the product BT required for the measurement of reverberation time using the wavelet filter is 4. Therefore, it was possible to measure the reverberation times of five passenger cars successfully using the new wavelet filter bank. It is found that the reverberation times measured in most passenger cars are around 0.04. It is a very short reverberation time compared with those of general acoustic rooms like a concert hall.

Cab Conceptual Design for the Equipment System Used for Passenger Car Ergonomic Design and Evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 215-216 ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Du ◽  
Jin Dong Ren ◽  
Yong Qing Liu ◽  
Zhong Xian Chen ◽  
Shi Hai Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Cycle Time ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Packaging Design ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Equipment System

Ergonomics is an important validation content in vehicle product development. The traditional evaluation method of ergonomics adopts physical mockups or prototypes, which is very costly, and is inconvenient to modify, and usually cause prolonged development cycle-time. In this paper, in conjunction with enterprise’s requirements, an ergonomic validation equipment system, which has adjustable main parts, was developed. Firstly, requirements were analyzed, and target model cars ranges were determined, and ergonomic contents which can be validated using this equipment were clarified. The packaging characteristic of the passenger car was analyzed, and the reference fiducial marks system used for packaging design were determined. Based on the requirement of occupant accommodation, anthropometries of target population were statistically analyzed. By using revised SAE J1517 H-Point curves models, the drivers’ seating space was designed, as well as the requirement of the driver seat track travel. Based on the analysis of packaging data of passenger cars, and considering the possible changes, controls such as steering wheel, pedals, sticks, etc., were packaged.

Extending Production Life of Mature Fields in the North Sea with Multilateral Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Kelsey ◽  
Magnus Raaholt ◽  
Olav Einervoll ◽  
Rustem Nafikov ◽  
Stian Amble
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
The North ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Successful Case ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Cumulative Production ◽  
The North Sea

Abstract Multilateral technology has for nearly three decades extended the production life of fields in the North Sea by delivering a higher recovery factor supported by the cumulative production of the multiple laterals. Additionally, operators continue to look at methods to reduce the environmental impact of drilling and intervention. Taking advantage of the latest multilateral technology can turn otherwise unviable reservoirs into economically sound targets by achieving a longer field life while minimizing construction costs, risk, and environmental impact. This paper will focus on mature fields in the region that have used multilateral applications for wells that were reaching the end of their life and have been extended to further economic production. This paper discusses challenges faced to provide a multilateral solution for drilling new lateral legs in existing wells where there is a lack of available slots to drill new wells. Additionally, discussion will cover completion designs that tie new laterals into existing production casing. The case study will include discussion of workover operations, isolation methods, and lateral creation systems. The paper focuses on the challenges, solutions, and successful case study of a retrofit multilateral well constructed in the North Sea which extended production life in a mature field by using innovative multilateral re-entry methods. The paper also provides insight as to methodology for continually improving reliability of multilateral installations to maximize efficiencies.

scholarly journals Hydrogen Mobility Europe (H2ME): Vehicle and Hydrogen Refuelling Station Deployment Results

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Speers
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
First Year ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Cell Range ◽  
Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles ◽  
Light Vehicle

Hydrogen Mobility Europe (H2ME, 2015–2022) is the largest European Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (EU FCH JU)-funded hydrogen light vehicle and infrastructure demonstration. Up until April 2017, the 40 Daimler passenger car fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) and 62 Symbio Fuel Cell-Range Extended Electric Vans (FC-REEV)-vans deployed by the project drove 625,300 km and consumed a total of 7900 kg of hydrogen with no safety incidents. During its first year of operation (to April 2017), the NEL Hydrogen Fueling HRS (hydrogen refuelling station) in Kolding, Denmark dispensed 900 kg of hydrogen, and demonstrated excellent reliability (98.2% availability) with no safety incidents. The average hydrogen refuelling time for passenger cars is comparable to that for conventional vehicles (2–3 min).

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