scholarly journals Thermo-Chemical Treatment for Carcass Disposal and the Application of Treated Carcass as Compost

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Jae-In Lee ◽  
Eun-Ji Cho ◽  
Fritz Ndumbe Lyonga ◽  
Chang-Hee Lee ◽  
Sue-Yun Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Germination Index ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Korean Ministry ◽  
Index Value

A mechanized thermo-chemical treatment system was developed to treat the undecomposed carcass and remediate livestock burial sites. Animal carcasses were thus processed via crushing, mixing, and treatment with quicklime treatment, heat treatment (200–500 °C), and mixing with sawdust. The machinery was applied to two sites where 16,000 chickens and 418 pigs had previously been buried in fiber-reinforced plastic storage bins. No dioxins were detected in the gas discharged during processing, and the concentration of total volatile organic compound, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, and styrene were 430.3, 139.0, 18.3, 21.4, and 10.4 μg/m3, respectively, which were below the air pollutant emission standards issued by the Korean Ministry of Environment. Korean standards stipulating the use of treated carcasses as compost (C, N, and P content, heavy metal concentration, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella) were met, but the germination index value was less than 70, not satisfying the criteria. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width, and dry weight of lettuce grown in soil amended with treated carcass product were significantly lower than those grown in low nutrient soil due to the poor germination index of the treated carcass. These results indicate that a composting process is required before the use of the treated carcass as a fertilizer. The addition of zeolite retarded the elution of ammonia from the carcasses and its efficiency was about 87.9%. It is expected that the mechanized thermo-chemical treatment process developed in this study could replace other technologies for the remediation of livestock burial sites.

Spatially Resolved Emission Factors to Reduce Uncertainties in Air Pollutant Emission Estimates from the Residential Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 4483-4493
Author(s):  
Xinlei Liu ◽  
Guofeng Shen ◽  
Laiguo Chen ◽  
Zhe Qian ◽  
Ningning Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Spatially Resolved

scholarly journals Foliar applications of bio-fabricated selenium nanoparticles to improve the growth of wheat plants under drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 706-714
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikram ◽  
Naveed Iqbal Raja ◽  
Bilal Javed ◽  
Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani ◽  
Mubashir Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Selenium Nanoparticles ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

AbstractThe present study was aimed to biosynthesize selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and assess their foliar applications to improve the growth of wheat plants under controlled irrigation and drought stress. Bud aqueous extract of Allium sativum L. was used as a reducing and stabilizing agent of SeNPs followed by their optical and morphological characterization by using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Various concentrations of SeNPs (10, 20, 30, and 40 mg/L) were applied exogenously to drought-tolerant (V1) and drought-susceptible (V2) wheat varieties at the trifoliate stage. Under the positive control conditions, plants were irrigated with 450 mL of water/pot (100% field capacity); and under water-deficit environment, plants were irrigated with 160 mL of water/pot (35% field capacity). Remarkable increase in plant height, shoot length, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root length, root fresh weight, root dry weight, leaf area, leaf number, and leaf length has been observed when 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was used. However, the plant morphological parameters decreased gradually at higher concentrations (40 mg/L) in both selected wheat varieties. Therefore, 30 mg/L concentration of SeNPs was found most preferable to enhance the growth of selected wheat varieties under normal and water-deficient conditions.

Application of ARPS–CMAQ modeling system for urban air pollutant emission abatement

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-473
Author(s):  
X.Y. Zhao ◽  
S.Y. Cheng ◽  
J.B. Li ◽  
X.R. Guo ◽  
H.Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Emission Abatement

Exergoenvironmental Evaluation for a Coal-Fired Power Plant of Near-Zero Air Pollutant Emission

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiliang Hong ◽  
Jianhong Chen ◽  
Deren Sheng ◽  
Wei Li
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Component Level ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Construction Design ◽  
Manufacturing Optimization ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
High Benefit

Owing to the growing environmental concerns, super-critical and ultra-supercritical coal-fired power plants dominate the electricity generation with the demand of near-zero air pollutant emission in China. Therefore, it is highly expected to assess the environmental impact and optimize the design at global and local levels. Exergoenvironmental analysis is a valid approach to investigate the formation of environmental impacts (EIs) associated with energy conversion systems at the component level. It generates information crucial for designing systems with a lower overall environmental impact, based on life cycle assessment (LCA) and exergy analysis. A 600 MW supercritical coal-fired system with and without dust, SO2 and NOx mitigation controls was analyzed. Heat transfer in the boiler, condenser (CND), low pressure cylinder (LP), air preheater (APH) show high potential to decrease the environmental impact due to high exergy destructions. The deaerator (DEA), induced draft fan (IDF), forced draft fan (FDF) should be focussed on construction design and manufacturing optimization. Purification units reveal high benefit for reducing EI produced by coal combustion, but there is a large space for the EI saving for it. The specific EI of electricity in China is much greater than European.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Response of Rodent Tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume) under Different Light Intensities and Concentrations of Paclobutrazol

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Noorwitri Utami ◽  
Lukita Devy ◽  
Arief Arianto
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Concentration Level ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Rodent tuber (Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd) Blume) is one of the medicinal plants used for anticancer treatment, but the information on the cultivation of the plant is limited. The objectives of this research was to study the effect of light intensity and concentration level of paclobutrazol on growth and yield of rodent tuber. This research was conducted at Puspiptek Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia. This experiment arranged in a split plot design with three replications. The main plot is light intensity (35, 55, and 100%). The sub plot is concentration level of paclobutrazol (0, 50, 100, and 150 ppm). Paclobutrazol applied as soil drench at one month after planting. In each application 500 ml solution was used. Variables observed consisted of plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf and tuber fresh weight; and leaf and tuber dry weight. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Duncan Multiple Range test at 5%. The result showed that interaction between light intensity and paclobutrazol affected the whole observed variable. Dry weight of tuber under 35% light intensity was lower than those in other light intensity for all treatments of paclobutrazol. Full sunlight intensity showed better dry weight in all treatments of paclobutrazol. However the dry weight decreasing significantly at 150 ppm paclobutrazol, but still higher than those in 35% light intensity. Therefore, rodent tuber is better cultivated under full sunlight and 55% light intensity with 100 ppm paclobutrazol.

scholarly journals Tracing historical changes, degradation, and original sources of airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Jilin Province, China, by Abies holophylla and Pinus tabuliformis needle leaves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Wang ◽  
Xiangzi Jin ◽  
Han Yeong Kaw ◽  
Zakia Fatima ◽  
Maurizio Quinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Jilin Province ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Pinus Tabuliformis ◽  
Degradation Rates ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Abstract Due to their wide distribution and availability, plant leaves can be considered interesting candidates as biomonitoring substrates for the evaluation of atmospheric pollution. In addition, some species can also retain historical information, for example, related to environmental pollution, due to their leaf class age. In this study, the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Abies holophylla and Pinus tabuliformis needle samples in function of their class age has been investigated to obtain information regarding the degradation constant for each PAH under investigation (α values ranging from 0.173 to 1.870) and to evaluate the possibility to correlate the presence of PAHs in needles with some important pollution environmental factors. Considering air pollutant variables registered in Jilin Province, significant correlations (at 95% confidence level) have been found between coal consumption per year and anthracene contents in needles, while fluorene, phenanthrene, and anthracene resulted correlated with coal consumption. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the total PAH concentration in needles, for both species, increased with their age (from 804 to 3604 ng g− 1 dry weight), showing a general tendency to accumulate these substances through years. PAH degradation rates increased instead with molecular complexity. This study could be considered a first trial to obtain historical environmental information by pine needles biomonitoring.

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