scholarly journals Combined Investigation of Indoor Climate Parameters and Energy Performance of a Winery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 593
Author(s):  
Giorgos Panaras ◽  
Panagiotis Tzimas ◽  
Evangelos I. Tolis ◽  
Giannis Papadopoulos ◽  
Aristeidis Afentoulidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Thermal Parameters ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Photovoltaic Array ◽  
Research Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Theoretical Analyses

Wineries present significant interest on a research level, combining Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) issues related with substances emitted through the wine production, as well as the need for minimizing conventional energy consumption (optimizing energy performance). In the proposed work, experimental and theoretical analyses are presented which aim to achieve both targets, that of improved indoor climate and energy performance. An extensive measurement campaign was implemented, regarding indoor climate thermal parameters, as well as concentration of substances (CO2, VOCs, NO2) affecting IAQ. The results of the parameters were exploited for the assessment of indoor climate; moreover, data from indoor thermal parameters together with values of specific parameters related to the efficiency of the individual devices were utilized in the development of the energy model. The model was used to formulate and evaluate proposals for reducing the energy consumption of the winery. The proposals include the use of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and, in particular, the installation of a photovoltaic array on the roof of the premises. Finally, an economic and technical study was carried out to determine the performance of the suggested interventions and the expected payback period.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Primary Energy Factor Values of Wind Turbines

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rokas Tamašauskas ◽  
Jolanta Šadauskienė ◽  
Patrikas Bruzgevičius ◽  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Factor ◽  
Eu Member States

In order to fulfil the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requirements regarding the reduction of energy consumption in buildings, much attention has been paid to primary energy consumption. Wind energy is one type of primary energy. The analysis of the literature has revealed that wind energy is evaluated by different methods. Therefore, the aim of this article was to calculate the effect of the parameters of wind sources on the primary energy factor of wind turbines. In order to achieve this aim, the primary energy factor of 100 investigated wind turbines and 11 wind farms operating in Lithuania was calculated. Investigation results showed that the difference of the non-renewable primary energy factor between wind turbines due to capacity is 35%. This paper provides a recommendation with regard to EU energy efficiency and renewable energy directives and regulations: All EU member states should use the same or very similar methodology for the calculation of the primary energy factor of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

scholarly journals Integrated energy efficient cooling solutions for large prefabricated panels collective dwellings from the 1970s

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Marius Adam ◽  
Daniel M. Muntean ◽  
Miodrag Popov ◽  
Daniel Grecea ◽  
Viorel Ungureanu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Urban Housing ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Block Level ◽  
The Individual

The intense urbanization process Romania has known during the industrialization period of the 1960-70s led to an exponential shortage in urban housing. Similar to other countries, but more specifically to the former Eastern block, Romanian state-financed collective dwellings were erected starting from standardized projects of Reinforced Concrete Large Prefabricated Panels (RCLPP) blocks of flats, generating nowadays a particular built stock of identical buildings and several apartment types, widespread throughout the entire country. These buildings currently house 60% of the urban population of Romania that own 96% of the apartments, as opposed to the European trends regarding the number of owner-occupied barely reaching 60%. Even though at not even half of their intended lifespan, the collective dwellings do not satisfy basic comfort conditions such as cooling and ventilation, being in an urge of retrofitting and upgrading. Individually applicable cooling systems undertaken by the owners have proved to be acceptable, but did not, however, contribute to a decrease in the overall energy consumption of the buildings. The present paper analyses the individual cooling systems being currently applied in Romanian apartments as opposed to a global-holistic system on block level, in terms of energy consumption and efficiency, flexibility of owner controlled indoor microclimate. The results show the potential of introducing renewable energy sources as viable alternatives for the existing systems.

scholarly journals Comparison of Technologies for CO2 Capture from Cement Production—Part 1: Technical Evaluation

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mari Voldsund ◽  
Stefania Gardarsdottir ◽  
Edoardo De Lena ◽  
José-Francisco Pérez-Calvo ◽  
Armin Jamali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Emission Abatement ◽  
Calcium Looping ◽  
Electricity Mix ◽  
Technical Evaluation ◽  
The Individual

A technical evaluation of CO2 capture technologies when retrofitted to a cement plant is performed. The investigated technologies are the oxyfuel process, the chilled ammonia process, membrane-assisted CO2 liquefaction, and the calcium looping process with tail-end and integrated configurations. For comparison, absorption with monoethanolamine (MEA) is used as reference technology. The focus of the evaluation is on emission abatement, energy performance, and retrofitability. All the investigated technologies perform better than the reference both in terms of emission abatement and energy consumption. The equivalent CO2 avoided are 73–90%, while it is 64% for MEA, considering the average EU-28 electricity mix. The specific primary energy consumption for CO2 avoided is 1.63–4.07 MJ/kg CO2, compared to 7.08 MJ/kg CO2 for MEA. The calcium looping technologies have the highest emission abatement potential, while the oxyfuel process has the best energy performance. When it comes to retrofitability, the post-combustion technologies show significant advantages compared to the oxyfuel and to the integrated calcium looping technologies. Furthermore, the performance of the individual technologies shows strong dependencies on site-specific and plant-specific factors. Therefore, rather than identifying one single best technology, it is emphasized that CO2 capture in the cement industry should be performed with a portfolio of capture technologies, where the preferred choice for each specific plant depends on local factors.

The Analysis of the Influence of Boundary Conditions on the Energy Performance of Houses

2014 ◽  
Vol 1020 ◽  
pp. 513-517
Author(s):  
Kateřina Kubenková ◽  
Barbora Hrubá ◽  
Michal Kraus ◽  
Darja Kubečková
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Statistical Evaluation ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Final Energy ◽  
The Individual

The analysis focuses on the influence of boundary conditions on the final energy intensity of selected groups of houses. The individual energy intensity will be set for the selected buildings. For these buildings, the standard boundary conditions will change (indoor air temperature). The deviation values of resulting energy consumption will be defined by statistical evaluation.

scholarly journals Dynamic Approach to Evaluate the Effect of Reducing District Heating Temperature on Indoor Thermal Comfort

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Benedetta Grassi ◽  
Edoardo Alessio Piana ◽  
Gian Paolo Beretta ◽  
Mariagrazia Pilotelli
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Temperature Operation

To reduce energy consumption for space heating, a coordinated action on energy supply, building fabric and occupant behavior is required to realize sustainable improvements. A reduction in district heating supply temperature is an interesting option to allow the incorporation of renewable energy sources and reduce distribution losses, but its impact on the final users must be considered. This aspect is especially critical as most European countries feature an old building stock, with poor insulation and heating systems designed for high-temperature operation. In this study, a complete methodology is devised to evaluate the effect of district heating temperature reduction on the end users by modeling all the stages of the system, from the primary heat exchanger to the indoor environment. A dynamic energy performance engine, based on EN ISO 52016-1:2017 standard and completed with a heat exchanger model, is implemented, and its outputs are used to calculate thermal comfort indicators throughout the heating season. As a practical application, the method is used to evaluate different scenarios resulting from the reduction of primary supply temperature of a second-generation district heating network in Northern Italy. Several building typologies dating back to different periods are considered, in the conservative assumption of radiator heating. The results of the simulations show that the most severe discomfort situations are experienced in buildings built before 1990, but in recent buildings the amount of discomfort occurrences can be high because of the poor output of radiators when working at very low temperatures. Among the possible measures that could help the transition, actions on the primary side, on the installed power and on the building fabric are considered. The investigation method requires a limited amount of input data and is applicable to different scales, from the individual building to entire urban areas lined up for renovation.

scholarly journals Improving building energy modelling by applying advanced 3D surveying techniques on agri-food facilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Barreca ◽  
Giuseppe Modica ◽  
Salvatore Di Fazio ◽  
Viviana Tirella ◽  
Raimondo Tripodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Geometric Modelling ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermophysical Model

Food industry is the production sector with the highest energy consumption. In Europe, the energy used to produce food accounts for 26% of total energy consumption. Over 28% is used in industrial processes. Recently, European food companies have increased their efforts to make their production processes more sustainable, also by giving preference to the use of renewable energy sources. In Italy, the total energy consumption in agriculture and food sectors decreased between 2013 and 2014, passing from 16.79 to 13.3 Mtep. Since energy consumption in food industry is nearly twice the one in agriculture (8.57 and 4.73 Mtep, respectively), it is very important to improve energy efficiency and use green technologies in all the phases of food processing and conservation. In Italy, a recent law (Legislative Decree 102, 04/07/2014) has made energy-use diagnosis compulsory for all industrial concerns, particularly for those showing high consumption levels. In the case of food industry buildings, energy is mainly used for indoor microclimate control, which is needed to ensure workers’ wellbeing and the most favourable conditions for food processing and conservation. To this end, it is important to have tools and methods allowing for easy, rapid and precise energy performance assessment of agri-food buildings. The accuracy of the results obtainable from the currently available computational models depends on the grade of detail and information used in constructional and geometric modelling. Moreover, this phase is probably the most critical and time-consuming in the energy diagnosis. In this context, fine surveying and advanced 3D geometric modelling procedures can facilitate building modelling and allow technicians and professionals in the agri-food sector to use highly efficient and accurate energy analysis and evaluation models. This paper proposes a dedicated model for energy performance assessment in agri-food buildings. It also shows that using advanced surveying techniques, such as a terrestrial laser scanner and an infrared camera, it is possible to create a three-dimensional parametric model, while, thanks to the heat flow meter Accepted paper measurement method, it is also possible to obtain a thermophysical model. This model allows assessing the energy performance of agri-food buildings in order to improve the indoor microclimate control and the conditions of food processing and conservation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of School Building Energy Performance and Classroom Indoor Environment

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitka Mohelníková ◽  
Miloslav Novotný ◽  
Pavla Mocová
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
School Building ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
School Renovation

Existing building stock represents potential for energy saving renovations. Energy savings and indoor climate comfort are key demands for sustainable building refurbishment. Especially in schools, indoor comfort is an extremely important issue. A case study of energy consumption in selected school buildings in temperate climatic conditions of Central Europe region was performed. The studied buildings are representatives of various school premises constructed throughout the last century. The evaluation was based on data analysis of energy audits. The goal was aimed at assessment of the school building envelopes and their influence on energy consumption. One of the studied schools was selected for detailed evaluation. The school classroom was monitored for indoor thermal and visual environments. The monitoring was performed to compare the current state and renovation scenarios. Results of the evaluation show that the school buildings are highly inefficient even if renovated. Indoor climate in classrooms is largely influenced by windows. Solar gains affect interior thermal stability and daylighting. Thermal insulation quality of building envelopes and efficient solar shading systems appear to be fundamental tasks of school renovation strategies.

scholarly journals Energy Sustainability of a Cluster of Buildings with the Application of Smart Grids and Decentralization of Renewable Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohumír Garlík
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Energy Model ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Distribution Grid ◽  
Energy Sustainability

The article deals with the current state of energy consumption and CO2 emissions in the urban area of building clusters. There are many requirements, such as those set by the EU (FIT 55, decarbonisation in 2050, full electromobility in 2035, or mandatory annual reductions in energy consumption and CO2 production) or societal requirements, such as stable energy supply and its optimisation while significantly reducing CO2 emissions. This inspired us to design an energy model of a building (EMB) with smart grid implementation in a decentralized sustainable energy system. Simulation model studies were carried out to show the possibility of their application in the process of fully satisfying energy needs in terms of reducing their environmental impact. A decentralized photovoltaic system (microgrid) connected to a distribution grid. The main objective is to propose an original methodology for the design of smart "Nearly Zero Energy Buildings" (NZEB) and a subsequent solution for energy sustainability. This has led us to use HOMER, PV*SOL, Monte Carlo and DesignBuilder software which were chosen from the range of options that were and are available. Subsequently, a synthesis of the selected software solutions was carried out and a new model - the "Energy Model of a Building" (EMB) - was proposed in the process of integration with the energy performance of buildings, as an original optimization basis for designing smart buildings and smart areas, and even cities. The proposed EMB has been verified and evaluated within the experiment.

scholarly journals ENERGY BALANCE OF A LOW ENERGY HOUSE

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Džiugaitė-Tumėnienė ◽  
Vidmantas Jankauskas ◽  
Violeta Motuzienė
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Consumption Data ◽  
Low Energy Buildings

Currently, such topics as improvement of energy efficiency of buildings and energy systems, development of sustainable building concepts, and promotion of renewable energy sources are in the focus of attention. The energy efficiency targets of the European Union are based on information regarding energy consumed by buildings. The amount of energy consumed by buildings depends on the main influencing factors (namely, climate parameters, building envelope, energy systems, building operation and maintenance, activities and behaviour of occupants), which have to be considered in order to identify energy efficiency potentials and opportunities. The article aims to investigate the total amount of energy consumed by a low energy house, built in Lithuania, using a combination of energy consumption data received from a simulation and measured energy consumption data. The energy performance analysis in the low energy house revealed some factors that have the main influence on the total figures of energy consumed by the house. The identified significant factors were used to find the optimal solutions for the design of low energy buildings.

scholarly journals Investigation and Evaluation of Primary Energy from Wind Turbines for a Nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB)

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2145
Author(s):  
Rokas Tamašauskas ◽  
Jolanta Šadauskienė ◽  
Patrikas Bruzgevičius ◽  
Dorota Anna Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Factor ◽  
Energy Factors

In order to fulfill the European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requirements regarding the reduction of energy consumption in buildings, great attention is paid to primary energy consumption. Wind energy is considered a type of primary energy. The analysis of the literature has revealed that wind energy is evaluated by different methods. Therefore, the aim of this article is to calculate the effect of the parameters of wind sources and wind speed on the primary energy factor of wind turbines. In order to achieve this aim, the primary energy factor of investigated 100 wind turbines and 11 wind farms operating in Lithuania was calculated. The results of the investigation show that the difference in the non-renewable primary energy factors between wind turbines with regard to their capacity is 35%. In addition, primary energy factor (PEF) values depend on geographic location and climate conditions. This paper provides a recommendation that the EU energy efficiency and renewable energy directives and regulations of all EU member states should use the same or, at least, a very similar methodology for the calculation of the primary energy factors of renewable and non-renewable energy sources.

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