scholarly journals Bayesian Model Infers Drug Repurposing Candidates for Treatment of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2466
Author(s):  
Michael A. Kiebish ◽  
Punit Shah ◽  
Rangaprasad Sarangarajan ◽  
Vivek K. Vishnudas ◽  
Stephane Gesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Topology Analysis ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Data Output ◽  
Proteomic Dataset

The emergence of COVID-19 progressed into a global pandemic that has functionally put the world at a standstill and catapulted major healthcare systems into an overburdened state. The dire need for therapeutic strategies to mitigate and successfully treat COVID-19 is now a public health crisis with national security implications for many countries. The current study employed Bayesian networks to a longitudinal proteomic dataset generated from Caco-2 cells transfected with SARS-CoV-2 (isolated from patients returning from Wuhan to Frankfurt). Two different approaches were employed to assess the Bayesian models, a titer-center topology analysis and a drug signature enrichment analysis. Topology analysis identified a set of proteins directly linked to the SAR-CoV2 titer, including ACE2, a SARS-CoV-2 binding receptor, MAOB and CHECK1. Aligning with the topology analysis, MAOB and CHECK1 were also identified within the enriched drug-signatures. Taken together, the data output from this network has identified nodal host proteins that may be connected to 18 chemical compounds, some already marketed, which provides an immediate opportunity to rapidly triage these assets for safety and efficacy against COVID-19.

scholarly journals Bayesian model infers drug repurposing candidates for treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Kiebish ◽  
Punit Shah ◽  
Rangaprasad Sarangarajan ◽  
Vivek K. Vishnudas ◽  
Stephane Gesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Topology Analysis ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Data Output ◽  
Proteomic Dataset

Abstract Background The emergence of COVID-19 progressed into a global pandemic that has functionally put the world at a standstill and catapulted major healthcare systems into an overburdened state. The dire need for therapeutic strategies to mitigate and successfully treat COVID-19 is now a public health crisis with national security implications for many countries.Methods The current study employed Bayesian networks to a longitudinal proteomic dataset generated from Caco-2 cells transfected with SARS-CoV-2 (isolated from patients returning from Wuhan to Frankfurt) [1]. Two different approaches were employed to assess the Bayesian models, a titer-center topology analysis and a drug signature enrichment analysis.Results Topology analysis identified a set of proteins directly linked to the SAR-CoV2 titer, including ACE2, a SARS-CoV-2 binding receptor, MAOB and CHECK1. Aligning with the topology analysis, MAOB and CHECK1 were also identified within the enriched drug-signatures.Conclusions Taken together, the data output from this network has identified nodal host proteins that may be connected to 18 chemical compounds, some already marketed, which provides an immediate opportunity to rapidly triage these assets for safety and efficacy against COVID-19.

scholarly journals A review on the SARS-CoV-2 mediated global pandemic: proximal origin, pathogenicity and therapeutic approaches

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumi Chatterjee ◽  
Bikram Dhara ◽  
Dattatreya Mukherjee ◽  
Arup Kumar Mitra
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Antiviral Drug ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Viral Outbreak

The world is amidst a public health crisis as the pandemic has shook us to the core. The COVID-19 caused by the novel SARS-CoV-2 is of zoonotic origin and this tries to explain what could have been the possible proximal origins for the disease in humans. Our review aims at addressing the question like what structural or genomic vicissitude enabled the viral outbreak across genera and so efficiently infect the human populace across the globe. We also try to discuss the prospect of drug repurposing and scope for vaccine development considering the rapid genome modification of the virus. Another finding lies into the action of pre-existing drugs when they are applied in combination and probably that shades some light on the therapeutic approaches. Several investigation have been performed but we are still in search of a novel antiviral drug. With that vision, our focus shifted on the evaluation of existing drugs with positive response against the novel corona virus. We also try discussing certain trends including increased immunity to the disease in the population from a particular geographical area.

scholarly journals ‘Long COVID’ syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. e241485
Author(s):  
Priyal Taribagil ◽  
Dean Creer ◽  
Hasan Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cognitive Deficits ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Gastrointestinal Dysfunction ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Poor Memory

SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in a global pandemic and an unprecedented public health crisis. Recent literature suggests the emergence of a novel syndrome known as ‘long COVID’, a term used to describe a diverse set of symptoms that persist after a minimum of 4 weeks from the onset of a diagnosed COVID-19 infection. Common symptoms include persistent breathlessness, fatigue and cough. Other symptoms reported include chest pain, palpitations, neurological and cognitive deficits, rashes, and gastrointestinal dysfunction. We present a complex case of a previously well 28-year-old woman who was diagnosed with COVID-19. After resolution of her acute symptoms, she continued to experience retrosternal discomfort, shortness of breath, poor memory and severe myalgia. Investigations yielded no significant findings. Given no alternative diagnosis, she was diagnosed with ‘long COVID’.

scholarly journals Nonstructural protein 7 and 8 complexes of SARS-CoV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changhui Zhang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Cheng Chen ◽  
Dan Su
Keyword(s):  
Nonstructural Protein ◽  
Genome Replication ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Viral Genome Replication ◽  
Replicase Complex ◽  
Viral Replicase

Abstract The pandemic outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) across the world has led to millions of infection cases and caused a global public health crisis. Current research suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious coronavirus that spreads rapidly through communities. To understand the mechanisms of viral replication, it is imperative to observe coronavirus viral replicase, a huge protein complex comprising up to 16 viral nonstructural and associated host proteins, which is the most promising antiviral target for inhibiting viral genome replication and transcription. Recently, several components of the viral replicase complex in SARS-CoV-2 have been solved to provide a basis for the design of new antiviral therapeutics. Here, we report the crystal structure of the SARS-CoV2 nsp7-8 tetramer, which comprises two copies of each protein representing nsp7’s full-length and the C-terminus of nsp8 owing to N-terminus proteolysis during the process of crystallization. We also identified a long helical extension and highly flexible N-terminal domain of nsp8, which is preferred for interacting with single-stranded nucleic acids.

scholarly journals Crisis clinical pathway for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 700-704
Author(s):  
Edward Hyun Suh ◽  
David J Bodnar ◽  
Laura D Melville ◽  
Manish Sharma ◽  
Brenna M Farmer
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Clinical Pathway ◽  
Medical Decision Making ◽  
Care Pathway ◽  
Medical Decision ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Usa

The pandemic of COVID-19 has been particularly severe in the New York City area, which has had one of the highest concentrations of cases in the USA. In March 2020, the EDs of New York-Presbyterian Hospital, a 10-hospital health system in the region, began to experience a rapid surge in patients with COVID-19 symptoms. Emergency physicians were faced with a disease that they knew little about that quickly overwhelmed resources. A significant amount of attention has been placed on the problem of limited supply of ventilators and intensive care beds for critically ill patients in the setting of the ongoing global pandemic. Relatively less has been given to the issue that precedes it: the demand on resources posed by patients who are not yet critically ill but are unwell enough to seek care in the ED. We describe here how at one institution, a cross-campus ED physician working group produced a care pathway to guide clinicians and ensure the fair and effective allocation of resources in the setting of the developing public health crisis. This ‘crisis clinical pathway’ focused on using clinical evaluation for medical decision making and maximising benefit to patients throughout the system.

scholarly journals Cardio‐Oncology in the Era of the COVID‐19 Pandemic and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Addison ◽  
Courtney M. Campbell ◽  
Avirup Guha ◽  
Arjun K. Ghosh ◽  
Susan F. Dent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Oncology Care ◽  
After Cancer ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has emerged as a global pandemic and public health crisis. Increasing waves of intermittent infectious outbreaks have dramatically influenced care among broad populations. Over the past 2 decades, there has been a rapid increase in cancer survival, with >400 000 new survivors each year. The increasingly common presence of cardiovascular disease in patients during or after cancer treatment led to the rapid growth of the field of cardio‐oncology with a mandate of identifying, treating, and preventing the various forms of cardiovascular disease seen among this population. This review evaluates the implications of the pandemic on the practice and study of cardio‐oncology. The evolving understanding of the relationship between comorbid disease and clinical outcomes among this population is assessed. With the impetus of the pandemic, cardio‐oncology can be deliberate in embracing changes to cardiac screening, monitoring, and intervention during oncology care. Bridging 2 specialties, consideration of the lessons learned in cancer and cardiovascular may pivotally inform ongoing therapeutic efforts. Further, the development of multicenter registries focused on understanding and optimizing outcomes among these patients should be considered. Together, these insights may critically inform strategies for the care of cardio‐oncology patients in future phases of the COVID‐19 pandemic and beyond.

scholarly journals Applying feminist principles to social work teaching: Pandemic times and beyond

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
Jessica Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Social Work Educators ◽  
Social Work Research ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Praxis I

It took a global pandemic for me to recognize how my social work teaching was an act of feminist praxis. I have long identified as a feminist and regularly engage efforts to advance equity for women, primarily centered on the abolition of prisons which disproportionately incarcerate Indigenous and Black women in Canada. Surprisingly, I have never considered how my feminism shows up in my teaching. The following reflexive essay explores the ways in which the feminist principles of centring emotions, rejecting patriarchal hierarchy, and challenging white feminism were embedded into the development and delivery of a graduate level social work research course that was rapidly adapted to being taught online during a global public health crisis. It ends with a call to action for social work educators to incorporate feminist principles into their pedagogies, not only in times of crisis, but as standard practice.

scholarly journals Drug Repurposing for Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection by Systems Biology Methods

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Min Lv ◽  
Xin-Yu Tong ◽  
Yuan Quan ◽  
Meng-Yuan Liu ◽  
Qing-Ye Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Antiviral Agents ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Host Proteins ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection ◽  
Infection Pathways

Japanese encephalitis is a zoonotic disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). It is mainly epidemic in Asia with an estimated 69,000 cases occurring per year. However, no approved agents are available for the treatment of JEV infection, and existing vaccines cannot control various types of JEV strains. Drug repurposing is a new concept for finding new indication of existing drugs, and, recently, the concept has been used to discover new antiviral agents. Identifying host proteins involved in the progress of JEV infection and using these proteins as targets are the center of drug repurposing for JEV infection. In this study, based on the gene expression data of JEV infection and the phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) data, we identified 286 genes that participate in the progress of JEV infection using systems biology methods. The enrichment analysis of these genes suggested that the genes identified by our methods were predominantly related to viral infection pathways and immune response-related pathways. We found that bortezomib, which can target these genes, may have an effect on the treatment of JEV infection. Subsequently, we evaluated the antiviral activity of bortezomib using a JEV-infected mouse model. The results showed that bortezomib can lower JEV-induced lethality in mice, alleviate suffering in JEV-infected mice and reduce the damage in brains caused by JEV infection. This work provides an agent with new indication to treat JEV infection.

Maintaining a Firm Social Justice Lens During a Public Health Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 97-120
Author(s):  
Frederic Fovet
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Parental Support ◽  
Global Education ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Global North ◽  
School Preparedness ◽  
Emergency Measures

School preparedness for national emergencies and natural disasters has long been part of the literature on global education. The recent COVID-19 crisis, however, has demonstrated the degree to which this literature had to date been ignored by school administrators in the Global North, and dismissed as a topic mostly relevant to Global South countries facing armed conflict, political instability, and lacking resources to address natural disasters. The global pandemic has been sustained, severe, and has led to the full or partial closure of schools in many Global North jurisdictions. While emergency measures have sought to maintain basic educational services, little focus has been given to inclusion and to the needs of diverse learners. In the absence of structured responses, parental support has become a key solution for many districts, and concepts such as the learning pod have popped up in various countries. These strategies have exacerbated inequities rather than offered sustainable and socially just responses. This chapter draws lessons from these initiatives.

Where the Normal is Crisis: Service Delivery to Underserved Populations during the COVID Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiva Nourpanah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Underserved Populations ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Women And Children

Women and children subject to violence. Refugees. The incarcerated and criminalized. The homeless. Ethnic and racialized minorities. When a global pandemic hits populations that are already vulnerable, racialized, marginalized, historically subject to oppression, and underserved, the civil society organizations mandated to serve them need all their ingenuity and resourcefulness to provide support while following public health guidelines. As the COVID‑19 global pandemic forced the closure of many workplaces and the re-direction of public social life, the daily lives of vulnerable people, many already struggling on the margins of society, and those mandated to serve and support them changed shape drastically in some ways, and in other ways, not so much. My main argument is that the pandemic of 2020 and consequent imposed restrictions brought about a moment of difference in how our society treats those who are usually and in “normal” times pushed to the margins, invisible and overlooked. Policy spotlight, propelled by panic and a global public health crisis, shone on them, rendering them sharply visible.

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