scholarly journals High-Performance Lead-Acid Batteries Enabled by Pb and PbO2 Nanostructured Electrodes: Effect of Operating Temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6357
Author(s):  
Roberto Luigi Oliveri ◽  
Maria Grazia Insinga ◽  
Simone Pisana ◽  
Bernardo Patella ◽  
Giuseppe Aiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Polycarbonate Membrane ◽  
Nanostructured Electrodes ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Improved Stability ◽  
Lead Acid

Lead-acid batteries are now widely used for energy storage, as result of an established and reliable technology. In the last decade, several studies have been carried out to improve the performance of this type of batteries, with the main objective to replace the conventional plates with innovative electrodes with improved stability, increased capacity and a larger active surface. Such studies ultimately aim to improve the kinetics of electrochemical conversion reactions at the electrode-solution interface and to guarantee a good electrical continuity during the repeated charge/discharge cycles. To achieve these objectives, our contribution focuses on the employment of nanostructured electrodes. In particular, we have obtained nanostructured electrodes in Pb and PbO2 through electrosynthesis in a template consisting of a nanoporous polycarbonate membrane. These electrodes are characterized by a wider active surface area, which allows for a better use of the active material, and for a consequent increased specific energy compared to traditional batteries. In this research, the performance of lead-acid batteries with nanostructured electrodes was studied at 10 C at temperatures of 25, −20 and 40 °C in order to evaluate the efficiency and the effect of temperature on electrode morphology. The batteries were assembled using both nanostructured electrodes and an AGM-type separator used in commercial batteries.

Hollow structure engineering of FeCo alloy nanoparticles electrospun in nitrogen-doped carbon enables high performance flexible all-solid-state zinc–air batteries

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1747-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Ma ◽  
Wenjie Zang ◽  
Afriyanti Sumboja ◽  
Lu Mao ◽  
Ximeng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Sites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hollow Structure ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Oxygen Electrode ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Nitrogen Doped Carbon ◽  
Structure Engineering ◽  
Kinetics Of

Hollow structuring of active components is an effective strategy to improve the kinetics of oxygen electrode catalysts, arising from the increased the active surface area, the defects on the exposed surface, and the accessible active sites.

High performance of Pt-free dye-sensitized solar cells based on two-step electropolymerized polyaniline counter electrodes

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 3452-3460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoming Xiao ◽  
Gaoyi Han ◽  
Yanping Li ◽  
Miaoyu Li ◽  
Yunzhen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Counter Electrodes ◽  
Polyaniline Nanofibers ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Branched Structure ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Two-step cyclic voltammetry approach is employed to prepare polyaniline nanofibers, which supplies a quick and controllable method to obtain polyanilines with short-branched structure to increase the active surface area.

scholarly journals A review on the application of nanomaterials in improving microbial fuel cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1400-1416
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Mashkour ◽  
Mostafa Rahimnejad ◽  
Fereshteh Raouf ◽  
Nahid Navidjouy
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Cell Performance ◽  
Cathode Side ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
Antibacterial Nanoparticles

Materials at the nanoscale show exciting and different properties. In this review, the applications of nanomaterials for modifying the main components of microbial fuel cell (MFC) systems (i.e., electrodes and membranes) and their effect on cell performance are reviewed and critically discussed. Carbon and metal-based nanoparticles and conductive polymers could contribute to the growth of thick anodic and cathodic microbial biofilms, leading to enhanced electron transfer between the electrodes and the biofilm. Extending active surface area, increasing conductivity, and biocompatibility are among the significant attributes of promising nanomaterials used in MFC modifications. The application of nanomaterials in fabricating cathode catalysts (catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction) is also reviewed herein. Among the various nanocatalysts used on the cathode side, metal-based nanocatalysts such as metal oxides and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are regarded as inexpensive and high-performance alternatives to the conventionally used high-cost Pt. In addition, polymeric membranes modified with hydrophilic and antibacterial nanoparticles could lead to higher proton conductivity and mitigated biofouling compared to the conventionally used and expensive Nafion. These improvements could lead to more promising cell performance in power generation, wastewater treatment, and nanobiosensing. Future research efforts should also take into account decreasing the production cost of the nanomaterials and the environmental safety aspects of these compounds.

Facile Preparation of a Surface-Enriched Pt Layer Over Pd/C as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst With Enhanced Activity and Stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Narayanamoorthy Bhuvanendran ◽  
Sabarinathan Ravichandran ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Sivakumar Pasupathi ◽  
Huaneng Su
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Intrinsic Activity ◽  
Active Surface Area ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Electrocatalytic Performance ◽  
Improved Stability

Abstract Pt-enriched surface layer formation on Vulcan carbon-supported Pd (Pt@Pd/C) was successfully prepared through a simple and one-pot formic acid reduction approach without any stabilizing agent. The electrocatalytic performance of Pt@Pd/C catalyst toward an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium was studied and also compared with standard carbon-supported Pt (Pt/C) and Pd (Pd/C) catalysts. The Pt@Pd/C exhibits higher electrochemical active surface area (74.7 m2/g) and mass activity (1.38 mA/µg) than Pt/C, Pd/C, and contending with standard reported catalysts. In durability tests, Pt@Pd/C showed negligible loss of intrinsic activity (∼10%) after 10,000 cycles which confirmed improved stability than Pt-based catalysts for ORR in KOH medium. This improved electrocatalytic performance could be attributed to their structural characteristics of the Pt-enriched surface layer on Pd/C-core and the compressive lattice strain on Pt. The present investigation demonstrates the simple preparation procedure for surface-enriched Pt on Pd/C and its improved performance for ORR, suggesting that it is a promising contender to benchmark ORR catalysts for alkaline fuel cells.

Performance Evaluation of Modelling and Simulation of Lead Acid Batteries for Photovoltaic Applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 472 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Selmani ◽  
A. Ed-Dahhak ◽  
M. Outanoute ◽  
A. Lachhab ◽  
M. Guerbaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Internal Parameters ◽  
Photovoltaic Applications ◽  
Charging Mode ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Storage Units ◽  
Lead Acid

Lead-acid batteries have been the most widely used energy storage units in stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) applications. To make a full use of those batteries and to improve their lifecycle, high performance charger is often required. The implementation of an advanced charger needs accurate information on the batteries internal parameters. In this work, we selected CIEMAT model because of its good performance to deal with the widest range of lead acid batteries. The performance evaluation of this model is based on the co-simulation LabVIEW/Multisim. With the intention of determining the impact of the charging process on batteries, the behaviour of different internal parameters of the batteries was simulated. During the charging mode, the value of the current must decrease when the batteries’ state of charge is close to be fully charged.

Lead sulfate used as the positive active material of lead acid batteries

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2267-2273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Beibei Ma ◽  
Mohammed Adnan Mezaal ◽  
Guanghua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Material ◽  
Lead Sulfate ◽  
Positive Active Material ◽  
Lead Acid Batteries ◽  
Lead Acid
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