Facile Preparation of a Surface-Enriched Pt Layer Over Pd/C as an Efficient Oxygen Reduction Catalyst With Enhanced Activity and Stability

Abstract Pt-enriched surface layer formation on Vulcan carbon-supported Pd (Pt@Pd/C) was successfully prepared through a simple and one-pot formic acid reduction approach without any stabilizing agent. The electrocatalytic performance of Pt@Pd/C catalyst toward an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline medium was studied and also compared with standard carbon-supported Pt (Pt/C) and Pd (Pd/C) catalysts. The Pt@Pd/C exhibits higher electrochemical active surface area (74.7 m2/g) and mass activity (1.38 mA/µg) than Pt/C, Pd/C, and contending with standard reported catalysts. In durability tests, Pt@Pd/C showed negligible loss of intrinsic activity (∼10%) after 10,000 cycles which confirmed improved stability than Pt-based catalysts for ORR in KOH medium. This improved electrocatalytic performance could be attributed to their structural characteristics of the Pt-enriched surface layer on Pd/C-core and the compressive lattice strain on Pt. The present investigation demonstrates the simple preparation procedure for surface-enriched Pt on Pd/C and its improved performance for ORR, suggesting that it is a promising contender to benchmark ORR catalysts for alkaline fuel cells.

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Facile deposition of Pt nanoparticles on Sb-doped SnO2 support with outstanding active surface area for the oxygen reduction reaction

Catalysis Science & Technology ◽

10.1039/c7cy02591b ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 2672-2685 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Rhiyaad Mohamed ◽

Tobias Binninger ◽

Patricia J. Kooyman ◽

Armin Hoell ◽

Emiliana Fabbri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽

Oxygen Reduction ◽

Surface Area ◽

Pt Nanoparticles ◽

Active Surface ◽

Reduction Reaction ◽

Active Surface Area

Synthesis of Sb–SnO2 supported Pt nanoparticles with an outstanding ECSA for the oxygen reduction reaction.

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An Electrocatalytic Activity of AuCeO2/Carbon Catalyst in Fuel Cell Reactions: Oxidation of Borohydride and Reduction of Oxygen

Catalysts ◽

10.3390/catal11030342 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 342

Author(s):

Raminta Stagniūnaitė ◽

Virginija Kepenienė ◽

Aldona Balčiūnaitė ◽

Audrius Drabavičius ◽

Vidas Pakštas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Reduction ◽

Surface Area ◽

Sodium Borohydride ◽

Electrocatalytic Activity ◽

Active Surface ◽

Reduction Reaction ◽

Active Surface Area ◽

Onset Potential ◽

Electrochemically Active ◽

Electrochemically Active Surface

This paper describes the investigation of electrocatalytic activity of the AuCeO2/C catalyst, prepared using the microwave irradiation method, towards the oxidation of sodium borohydride and oxygen reduction reactions in an alkaline medium. It was found that the obtained AuCeO2/C catalyst with Au loading and electrochemically active surface area of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) equal to 71 µg cm−2 and 0.05 cm2, respectively, showed an enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards investigated reactions, compared with the Au/C catalyst with an Au loading and electrochemically active surface area of AuNPs equal to 78 µg cm−2 and 0.19 cm2, respectively. The AuCeO2/C catalyst demonstrated ca. 4.5 times higher current density values for the oxidation of sodium borohydride compared with those of the bare Au/C catalyst. Moreover, the onset potential of the oxygen reduction reaction (0.96 V) on the AuCeO2/C catalyst was similar to the commercial Pt/C (0.98 V).

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Oxidatively induced exposure of active surface area during microwave assisted formation of Pt3Co nanoparticles for oxygen reduction reaction

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c9ra02095k ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (31) ◽

pp. 17979-17987

Author(s):

Robin Sandström ◽

Joakim Ekspong ◽

Eduardo Gracia-Espino ◽

Thomas Wågberg

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽

Oxygen Reduction ◽

Surface Area ◽

Microwave Synthesis ◽

Active Surface ◽

Reduction Reaction ◽

Active Surface Area ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Electrochemically Active ◽

Electrochemically Active Surface

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is efficiently facilitated platinum catalysts alloyed with Co and reveal high electrochemically active surface area via rapid microwave synthesis.

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Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) on a Mixed Titanium and Tantalum Oxy-nitride Catalyst Prepared by the Urea-based Sol-gel Method

Journal of New Materials for Electrochemical Systems ◽

10.14447/jnmes.v17i2.424 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 055-065 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

A. Seifitokaldani ◽

M. Perrier ◽

O. Savadogo

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽

Oxygen Reduction ◽

Surface Area ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Active Surface ◽

Reduction Reaction ◽

Active Surface Area ◽

Gel Method ◽

Sol Gel Method ◽

Onset Potential

The electrochemical stability and activity of different compositions of titanium and tantalum oxy-nitride nano-catalysts were investigated for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). A new sol-gel method was used to produce a nano-powder mixture of Ti and Ta oxynitride from their alkoxides using urea as a nitrogen source. The precursors prepared by the sol-gel method were annealed in a N2 + 3% H2 atmosphere at determined temperatures (500, 700 and 900 °C) inside a silica tube furnace. X-ray diffraction results proved that by using this method a considerable amount of nitrogen was inserted into the catalyst structure at a relatively low temperature. Energy dispersive spectroscopy showed that the prepared catalyst should be oxidized carbonitride of titanium and/or tantalum. Heat treatment had a major effect on the onset potential by changing the crystallinity of the catalyst, so that the onset potential of titanium oxynitride increased from ca. 0.05 V to 0.65 V vs. NHE by increasing the temperature from 500 to 700 °C. Increasing the Ta concentration also led to a higher onset potential but lower ORR current. For instance, the onset potential for the ORR for tantalum oxynitride heat treated at 700 °C was ca. 0.85 V vs. NHE while this value was ca. 0.65 V vs. NHE for titanium oxynitride. However, the ORR current was 100 times smaller in tantalum oxynitride, most likely because of a low electrochemically active surface area. Electrochemical measurements suggested that an appropriate composition of titanium and tantalum was required to have both a good onset potential and ORR current by improving the catalytic activity and increasing the active surface area and electrical conductivity.

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High-Performance Lead-Acid Batteries Enabled by Pb and PbO2 Nanostructured Electrodes: Effect of Operating Temperature

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11146357 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (14) ◽

pp. 6357

Author(s):

Roberto Luigi Oliveri ◽

Maria Grazia Insinga ◽

Simone Pisana ◽

Bernardo Patella ◽

Giuseppe Aiello ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Active Material ◽

Active Surface ◽

Effect Of Temperature ◽

Active Surface Area ◽

Polycarbonate Membrane ◽

Nanostructured Electrodes ◽

Lead Acid Batteries ◽

Improved Stability ◽

Lead Acid

Lead-acid batteries are now widely used for energy storage, as result of an established and reliable technology. In the last decade, several studies have been carried out to improve the performance of this type of batteries, with the main objective to replace the conventional plates with innovative electrodes with improved stability, increased capacity and a larger active surface. Such studies ultimately aim to improve the kinetics of electrochemical conversion reactions at the electrode-solution interface and to guarantee a good electrical continuity during the repeated charge/discharge cycles. To achieve these objectives, our contribution focuses on the employment of nanostructured electrodes. In particular, we have obtained nanostructured electrodes in Pb and PbO2 through electrosynthesis in a template consisting of a nanoporous polycarbonate membrane. These electrodes are characterized by a wider active surface area, which allows for a better use of the active material, and for a consequent increased specific energy compared to traditional batteries. In this research, the performance of lead-acid batteries with nanostructured electrodes was studied at 10 C at temperatures of 25, −20 and 40 °C in order to evaluate the efficiency and the effect of temperature on electrode morphology. The batteries were assembled using both nanostructured electrodes and an AGM-type separator used in commercial batteries.

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