scholarly journals Effects of the Configuration of Trailing Edge on the Flutter of an Elongated Bluff Body

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10818
Author(s):  
Jie Feng ◽  
Buchen Wu ◽  
Shujin Laima
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Bluff Body ◽  
Wind Tunnel Experiments ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Trailing Edges ◽  
Section Model ◽  
Displacement System ◽  
Limit Cycle Flutter ◽  
The Relationship

Wind-tunnel experiments are performed to investigate the effects of trailing-edge reattachment on the flutter behaviors of spring-suspended trailing-edge-changeable section models. Different Trailing edges (TE) were fixed at the back of a body to adjust reattachment of the vortex. A laser-displacement system was used to acquire the vibration signals. The relationship between flutter characteristics and TEs that affects the wake mode was analyzed. The results show that the motion of the wake vortex has a certain correlation with the flutter stability of the bridge deck. Limit cycle flutter (LCF) occurs to a section model with a 30° TE, whose amplitude gradually increases as the wind speed increases, and the vibration develops into a hard flutter when the wind speed is 12.43 m/s. A section model with 180 TE reaches a hard flutter when the wind speed is 15.31 m/s, without the stage of LCF. As the TE becomes more and more blunt, the critical wind speed, Us, gradually increases, meaning the flutter stability gradually increases. The results reveal that LCF may still occur to the bridge section with a streamlined front edge, and, in some cases, it also may have a range of wind speeds in which LCF occurs.

Study on the Relation Between Side Ratios of Rectangular Cross Sections and Secondary Vortices at Trailing Edge in Motion-Induced Vortex Excitation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazutoshi Matsuda ◽  
Kusuo Kato ◽  
Kouki Arise ◽  
Hajime Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Smoke Flow ◽  
Flow Visualizations ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Secondary Vortices

According to the results of conventional wind tunnel tests on rectangular cross sections with side ratios of B/D = 2–8 (B: along-wind length (m), D: cross-wind length (m)), motion-induced vortex excitation was confirmed. The generation of motion-induced vortex excitation is considered to be caused by the unification of separated vortices from the leading edge and secondary vortices at the trailing edge [1]. Spring-supported test for B/D = 1.18 was conducted in a closed circuit wind tunnel (cross section: 1.8 m high×0.9 m wide) at Kyushu Institute of Technology. Vibrations were confirmed in the neighborhoods of reduced wind speeds Vr = V/fD = 2 and Vr = 8 (V: wind speed (m/s), f: natural frequency (Hz)). Because the reduced wind speed in motion-induced vortex excitation is calculated as Vr = 1.67×B/D = 1.67×1.18 = 2.0 [1], vibrations around Vr = 2 were considered to be motion-induced vortex excitation. According to the smoke flow visualization result for B/D = 1.18 which was carried out by the authors, no secondary vortices at the trailing edge were formed, although separated vortices from the leading edge were formed at the time of oscillation at the onset wind speed of motion-induced vortex excitation, where aerodynamic vibrations considered to be motion-induced vortex excitation were confirmed. It was suggested that motion-induced vortex excitation might possibly occur in the range of low wind speeds, even in the case of side ratios where secondary vortices at trailing edge were not confirmed. In this study, smoke flow visualizations were performed for ratios of B/D = 0.5–2.0 in order to find out the relation between side ratios of rectangular cross sections and secondary vortices at trailing edge in motion-induced vortex excitation. The smoke flow visualizations around the model during oscillating condition were conducted in a small-sized wind tunnel at Kyushu Institute of Technology. Experimental Reynolds number was Re = VD/v = 1.6×103. For the forced-oscillating amplitude η, the non-dimensional double amplitudes were set as 2η/D = 0.02–0.15. Spring-supported tests were also carried out in order to obtain the response characteristics of the models.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Superposition Effect of Oil Vapor Leakage and Diffusion from External Floating-Roof Tanks Using CFD Numerical Simulations and Wind-Tunnel Experiments

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 299
Author(s):  
Jie Fang ◽  
Weiqiu Huang ◽  
Fengyu Huang ◽  
Lipei Fu ◽  
Gao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Vapor Concentration ◽  
Monitoring And Control ◽  
Wind Tunnel Experiments ◽  
Ambient Wind ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
And Control

Based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and Realizable k-ε turbulence model, we established a numerical simulation method for wind and vapor-concentration fields of various external floating-roof tanks (EFRTs) (single, two, and four) and verified its feasibility using wind-tunnel experiments. Subsequently, we analysed superposition effects of wind speed and concentration fields for different types of EFRTs. The results show that high concentrations of vapor are found near the rim gap of the floating deck and above the floating deck surface. At different ambient wind speeds, interference between tanks is different. When the ambient wind speed is greater than 2 m/s, vapor concentration in leeward area of the rear tank is greater than that between two tanks, which makes it easy to reach explosion limit. It is suggested that more monitoring should be conducted near the bottom area of the rear tank and upper area on the left of the floating deck. Superposition in a downwind direction from the EFRTs becomes more obvious with an increase in the number of EFRTs; vapor superposition occurs behind two leeward tanks after leakage from four large EFRTs. Considering safety, environmental protection, and personnel health, appropriate measures should be taken at these positions for timely monitoring, and control.

scholarly journals Windbreak and airflow performance of different synthetic shrub designs based on wind tunnel experiments

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0244213
Author(s):  
Xia Pan ◽  
Zhenyi Wang ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Zhengcai Zhang ◽  
Zhongjv Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Wind Erosion ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Wind Tunnel Experiments ◽  
Speed Reduction ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Airflow Field ◽  
Reduction Effect

Wind erosion has gained increasing attention as one of the most serious global ecological and environmental threats. Windbreaks are effective at decreasing wind erosion by reducing wind speed to protect crops, livestock, and farmsteads, while providing wildlife habitats. Synthetic shrubs can act as novel windbreaks; however, there is limited knowledge on how their design affects wind speed. This study determined the protective effects (airflow field and sheltering efficiency) based on the design of synthetic shrubs in a wind tunnel. Broom-shaped synthetic shrubs weakened the wind speeds mainly at the middle and upper parts of the shrubs (5–14 cm), while for hemisphere-shaped shrubs this effect was greatest near their bases (below 4 cm) and least in the middle and upper parts (7–14 cm). Spindle-shaped synthetic shrubs provided the best reduction effect in wind range and strength. Moreover, the wind speed reduction ratio decreased with improved wind speeds and ranged from 26.25 cm (between the second and third rows) to 52.5 cm (after the third row). These results provide strong evidence that synthetic shrubs should be considered to decrease wind speed and prevent wind erosion.

scholarly journals Numerical Studies on a NACA0018 Airfoil Blade HAWT with Trailing Edge Jet Flow

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 07008
Author(s):  
Hsu Uzu-Kuei ◽  
Tai Cheng-Hsien ◽  
HSU Chia-Wei ◽  
Miau Jiun-Jih
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Jet Flow ◽  
Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Initiation Phase ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Naca0018 Airfoil

This study analyzed an airfoil blade for a horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT) with a trailing-edge jet flow design. This design was realized by drilling a hole in the trailing edge of an NACA0018 blade of a conventional HAWT to serve as a pressure injection nozzle. Five inflow wind speeds and three trailing-edge jet flow conditions were examined in the test. The results revealed the efficiency differences between a HAWT with the new jet flow design and conventional HAWTs. The experimental methods employed involved a wind tunnel experiment and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The results revealed that when the inflow wind speed was low, the trailing-edge jet flow accelerated the initiation phase and increased the rotating speed of the HAWT; however, when the inflow wind speed was high, damping occurred and the rotating speed of the turbine blades decreased.

Some effects of weather and moonlight on light-trap catches of the army-worm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), at Muguga, Kenya

1978 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Douthwaite
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Spodoptera Exempta ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Trap Catches ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

AbstractThe effects of wind speed, wind direction, strong moonlight and rainfall on hourly light-trap catches of adult Spodoptera exempta (Wlk.) made at Muguga, Kenya, between January and June in 1970 and 1971 were investigated. The highest catches occurred in winds of 2–3 m/s, but generally, fewer moths were caught as wind speed increased. In totally dark hours the geometric mean catch at wind speeds of 5–6 m/s was about one-tenth that at 0–1 m/s. The relationship between catch and wind speed changed between January and June. Wind direction and change in direction were not significantly related to catch. The geometric means of catches made in strong moonlight were about one-tenth those in total darkness at comparable wind speeds. Rainfall was associated with higher catches in seven out of eight months, but the differences were significant in only two months. Recognition of the association between light winds and large numbers of S. exempta should assist forecasting, but a fuller understanding of the relationship between light-trap catch and population requires a method of population assessment that is independent of the effects of weather and moonlight.

A study of three-dimensional aspects of vortex shedding from a bluff body with a mild geometric disturbance

1997 ◽  
Vol 330 ◽  
pp. 85-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. TOMBAZIS ◽  
P. W. BEARMAN
Keyword(s):  
Reynolds Number ◽  
Vortex Shedding ◽  
Bluff Body ◽  
Vortex Formation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Base Pressure ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Blunt Trailing Edge ◽  
Trailing Edges ◽  
Mode Transitions

Experiments have been carried out to study the three-dimensional characteristics of vortex shedding from a half-ellipse shape with a blunt trailing edge. In order to control the occurrence of vortex dislocations, the trailing edges of the models used were constructed with a series of periodic waves across their spans. Flow visualization was carried out in a water tunnel at a Reynolds number of 2500, based on trailing-edge thickness. A number of shedding modes were observed and the sequence of mode transitions recorded. Quantitative data were obtained from wind tunnel measurements performed at a Reynolds number of 40000. Two shedding frequencies were recorded with the higher frequency occurring at spanwise positions coinciding with minima in the chord. At these same positions the base pressure was lowest and the vortex formation length longest. Arguments are put forward to explain these observations. It is shown that the concept of a universal Strouhal number holds, even when the flow is three-dimensional. The spanwise variation in time-average base pressure is predicted using the estimated amount of time the flow spends at the two shedding frequencies.

scholarly journals Wind Speed Effects on the Quantity of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri Dispersed Downwind from Canopies of Grapefruit Trees Infected with Citrus Canker

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Bock ◽  
J. H. Graham ◽  
T. R. Gottwald ◽  
A. Z. Cook ◽  
P. E. Parker
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Citrus Canker ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Xanthomonas Citri ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
The Relationship

The epidemic of citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri) in Florida continues to expand since termination of the eradication program in 2006. Storms are known to be associated with disease spread, but little information exists on the interaction of fundamental physical and biological processes involved in dispersal of this bacterium. To investigate the role of wind speed in dispersal, wind/rain events were simulated using a fan to generate wind up to 19 m·s-1 and spray nozzles to simulate rain. Funnels at ground level and panels at 1.3 m height and distances up to 5 m downwind collected wind-driven splash. Greater wind speeds consistently dispersed more bacteria, measured by concentration (colony forming units [CFU] ml-1) or number sampled (bacteria flux density [BFD] = bacteria cm-2 min-1), from the canopy in the splash. The CFU ml-1 of X. citri subsp. citri collected by panels 1 m downwind at the highest wind speed was up to 41-fold greater than that collected at the lowest wind speed. BFD at the highest wind speed was up to 884-fold higher than that collected at the lowest wind speed. Both panels at distances >1 m and funnels at distances >0 m collected many-fold more X. citri subsp. citri at higher wind speeds compared to no wind (up to 1.4 × 103-fold greater CFU ml-1 and 1.8 × 105-fold the BFD). The resulting relationship between wind speed up to 19 m·s-1 and the mean CFU ml-1 collected by panel collectors downwind was linear and highly significant. Likewise, the mean CFU ml-1 collected from the funnel collectors had a linear relationship with wind speed. The relationship between wind speed and BFD collected by panels was generally similar to that described for CFU ml-1 of X. citri subsp. citri collected. However, BFD collected by funnels was too inconsistent to determine a meaningful relationship with increasing wind speed. The quantity of bacteria collected by panels declined with distance, and the relationship was described by an inverse power model (R2 = 0.94 to 1.00). At higher wind speeds, more bacteria were dispersed to all distances. Windborne inoculum in splash in subtropical wet environments is likely to be epidemiologically significant, as both rain intensity and high wind speed can interact to provide conditions conducive for dispersing large quantities of bacteria from canker-infected citrus trees. Disease and crop management aimed at reducing sources of inoculum and wind speeds in a grove should help minimize disease spread by windborne inoculum.

Interaction and acoustics of separated flows from a D-shaped bluff body

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangyuan Huang ◽  
Ka Him Seid ◽  
Zhigang Yang ◽  
Randolph Chi Kin Leung
Keyword(s):  
Vortex Shedding ◽  
Bluff Body ◽  
Leading Edge ◽  
Separated Flows ◽  
Pressure Waves ◽  
Bluff Bodies ◽  
Trailing Edge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trailing Edges ◽  
Edge Vortex

Purpose For flow around elongated bluff bodies, flow separations would occur over both leading and trailing edges. Interactions between these two separations can be established through acoustic perturbation. In this paper, the flow and the acoustic fields of a D-shaped bluff body (length-to-height ratio L/H = 3.64) are investigated at height-based Reynolds number Re = 23,000 by experimental and numerical methods. The purpose of this paper is to study the acoustic feedback in the interaction of these two separated flows. Design/methodology/approach The flow field is measured by particle image velocimetry, hotwire velocimetry and surface oil flow visualization. The acoustic field is modeled in two dimensions by direct aeroacoustic simulation, which solves the compressible Navier–Stokes equations. The simulation is validated against the experimental results. Findings Separations occur at both the leading and the trailing edges. The leading-edge separation point and the reattaching flow oscillate in accordance with the trailing-edge vortex shedding. Significant pressure waves are generated at the trailing edge by the vortex shedding rather than the leading-edge vortices. Pressure-based cross-correlation analysis is conducted to clarify the effect of the pressure waves on the leading-edge flow structures. Practical implications The understanding of interactions of separated flows over elongated bluff bodies helps to predict aerodynamic drag, structural vibration and noise in engineering applications, such as the aerodynamics of buildings, bridges and road vehicles. Originality/value This paper clarifies the influence of acoustic perturbations in the interaction of separated flows over a D-shaped bluff body. The contribution of the leading- and the trailing-edge vortex in generating acoustic perturbations is investigated as well.

scholarly journals A Design and Construction of a Wind Tunnel for Engineering Laboratories

2018 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 02069
Author(s):  
Chalida U-tapao ◽  
Seksun Moryadee
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Test Area ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Air Blower ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Design And Construction

The propose of this research is to demonstrate a design and construction of a wind tunnel for engineering laboratories in order to study the principles and control wind speeds in the wind tunnel. In an experiment in aerodynamics and engineering, we found that diffuser must have a length equal to or more than twice the length of the test in order to prevent the turbulent flow in the test area. The wind speed control system uses Inverter to control a 3-phase frequency of electricity supplied to air blower. In the experiment, the frequency was adjusted in the range from 20.00 to 50.00 Hz. Experiment results show that wind speeds during the test area are in the range of 14.50 to 38.50 meters per second, and the relationship between frequency (Y) and wind speed (X) during the test is linear as follows: Y = (0.7945 × (X-20)) + 14.629. The maximum pressure is 90.31 kilograms per square meter. This wind tunnel can be used to design buildings with a maximum height of 20 meters according to the Bangkok Metropolis Building Control (2001).

scholarly journals The Effect of Blowing Snow on Katabatic Winds in Antarctica

1985 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Kodama ◽  
Gerd Wendler ◽  
Joan Gosink
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Atmospheric Boundary Layer ◽  
Geostrophic Wind ◽  
Blowing Snow ◽  
Katabatic Winds ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Relationship

An acceleration of the katabatic winds during periods of blowing snow was observed in Adelie Land, Antarctica. Data collected by Automatic Weather Stations' (AWS) showed a change in the relationship between the katabatic term of the surface geostrophic wind (katabatic force) and the wind speed for periods of blowing snow. When measurements of the katabatic force were plotted against the cube of the wind speed, the slope was steeper for wind speeds at less than a threshold speed for blowing snow. The difference between these two slopes was partly explained by the effect of blowing snow entrained into the atmospheric boundary layer.

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