scholarly journals Impact of Modifier Oxides on Mechanical and Radiation Shielding Properties of B2O3-SrO-TeO2-RO Glasses (Where RO = TiO2, ZnO, BaO, and PbO)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10904
Author(s):  
M. I. Sayyed ◽  
M. Kh. Hamad ◽  
Mohammad Hasan Abu Mhareb ◽  
K. A. Naseer ◽  
K. A. Mahmoud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Transmission Factor ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Radiation Attenuation ◽  
Cross Linkage ◽  
Packed Structure ◽  
Shielding Properties ◽  
Hardness Values

The influence of modifier oxides (TiO2, ZnO, BaO, and PbO) on the mechanical and radiation shielding properties of boro-tellurate glasses is investigated. Samples with a composition of B2O3-SrO-TeO2-RO (RO represents the modifier oxides) were fabricated using the melt quench method, and their physical, mechanical, and radiation attenuation parameters were reported. For this aim, Monte Carlo simulation was employed to predict the radiation attenuation parameters, while the Makishima-Mackenzie model was adopted to determine the mechanical properties. The tightly packed structure with better cross-linkage density is possessed by the Ti-containing glass (SBT-Ti) system among the titled glass batch. The higher Poisson and micro-hardness values of the SBT-Ti glass indicate its structure’s reduced free volume and better compactness. For the glass with PbO, the linear and mass attenuation coefficients are highly increased compared to those glasses doped with TiO2, ZnO, and BaO. The thinner half-value layer was reported at 0.015 MeV, taking values 0.006, 0.005, 0.004, and 0.002 for samples with TiO2, ZnO, BaO, and PbO, respectively. SBT-Pb sample (with PbO) has a thinner HVL compared to other fabricated glass samples. The fabricated glasses’ thickness (Deq) equivalent to 1 cm of lead (Pb) was reported. The results demonstrated that Deq is high at low energy and equals 11.62, 8.81, 7.61, 4.56 cm for SBT-Ti, SBT-Zn, SBT-Ba, and SBT-Pb glass samples, respectively. According to the Deq results, the fabricated glasses have a shielding capacity between 30 and 43% compared to the pure Pb at gamma-ray energy of 1.5 MeV. At high energy (8 MeV), the transmission factor values for a thickness of 1 cm of the fabricated samples reach 88.68, 87.83, 85.95, and 83.11% for glasses SBT-Ti, SBT-Zn, SBT-Ba, and SBT-Pb, respectively.

scholarly journals Investigation on radiation shielding parameters of ordinary, heavy and super heavy concretes

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishwaanath Singh ◽  
Nagappa Badiger
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Energy Gamma ◽  
Shielding Design

Shielding of a reactor is required for protection of people and environment during normal operation and accidental situations. In the present paper we investigated the shielding parameters viz. mass attenuation coefficients, linear attenuation coefficients, tenth-value layer, effective atomic numbers, kerma relative to air and exposure buildup factors for gamma-ray for ordinary, heavy, and super heavy concretes. Macroscopic effective removal cross-sections for fast neutron had also been calculated. Ordinary concrete is economically suitable for mixture high energy gamma-ray and neutron as it has large weight fraction of low-Z as compared with super heavy concretes to slow down the neutron. Super heavy concretes are superior shielding for both reactor operation and accident situations. The study is useful for optimizing for shielding design and radiation protection in the reactors.

Physical and Gamma-Ray Shielding Properties of Strontium Borosilicate Glasses

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 236-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suparat Tuscharoen ◽  
Jakrapong Kaewkhao
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Borosilicate Glasses ◽  
Melt Quenching ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Density Measurements ◽  
Shielding Properties ◽  
Reported Data

Glasses composition of xSrO:(70–x)B2O3:30SiO2when 25≤x≤50 mol% were prepared using the melt quenching technique and investigated the other properties of glasses. The density of the glasses was measured using Archimedes’ principle; the molar volume of the glasses has been derived from density measurements data. The hardness of glasses sample was measured by using the Vickers hardness. Mass attenuation coefficients have been determined experimentally for the glass system at photon energy 662 keV, the results compared with theoretical calculations from WinXCom computer software. The reported data should be useful for decision chosen of these glasses in radiation shielding.

scholarly journals A comparison of radiation shielding of stainless steel with different magnetic properties

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adnan Calik ◽  
Sahin Akbunar ◽  
Nazim Ucar ◽  
Nihat Yilmaz ◽  
Serdar Karakas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Ferritic Stainless Steel ◽  
Photon Energy ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Shielding Properties

The radiation shielding properties of three different stainless steels have been investigated. For this purpose, linear attenuation coefficients at photon energy levels of 662 keV and 1250 keV have been measured. The obtained results showed that ferritic stainless steel was more capable in stopping the high energy photons than its non-magnetic counterpart.

BaSO4/Polyvinyl Alcohol Composites for Radiation Shielding

2015 ◽  
Vol 804 ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voranuch Thongpool ◽  
Akapong Phunpueok ◽  
Naris Barnthip ◽  
Sarawut Jaiyen
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Radioactive Source ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Shielding Properties

The gamma ray and X-ray shielding properties of PVA containing different proportions of BaSO4 as an aggregate have been investigated. The photon linear attenuation coefficients were measured by using 241Am radioactive source (59.54 keV). Gamma rays were counted by a NaI(Tl) detector. It was found that the shielding efficiency increased when increasing the amount of BaSO4 and specimen thickness. The linear attenuation coefficients were 0.085, 0.125, 0.179, and 0.189 for 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8%w/v of BaSO4. The X-ray attenuation test was performed using the diagnostic X-ray machine for energy of 45 kVp. The optical density of X-ray films was investigated. The results showed that the optical density of X-ray film decreased when increasing the amounts of BaSO4.

scholarly journals The Role of La2O3 in Enhancement the Radiation Shielding Efficiency of the Tellurite Glasses: Monte-Carlo Simulation and Theoretical Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (14) ◽  
pp. 3913
Author(s):  
Aljawhara H. Almuqrin ◽  
Mohamed Hanfi ◽  
K. G. Mahmoud ◽  
M. I. Sayyed ◽  
Hanan Al-Ghamdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Transmission Factor ◽  
Tellurite Glasses ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Binary Glass ◽  
Buildup Factors

The radiation shielding competence was examined for a binary glass system xLa2O3 + (1 − x) TeO2 where x = 5, 7, 10, 15, and 20 mol% using MCNP-5 code. The linear attenuation coefficients (LACs) of the glasses were evaluated, and it was found that LT20 glass has the greatest LAC, while LT5 had the least LAC. The transmission factor (TF) of the glasses was evaluated against thicknesses at various selected energies and was observed to greatly decrease with increasing thickness; for example, at 1.332 MeV, the TF of the LT5 glass decreased from 0.76 to 0.25 as the thickness increased from 1 to 5 cm. The equivalent atomic number (Zeq) of the glasses gradually increased with increasing photon energy above 0.1 MeV, with the maximum values observed at around 1 MeV. The buildup factors were determined to evaluate the accumulation of photon flux, and it was found that the maximum values for both can be seen at around 0.8 MeV. This research concluded that LT20 has the greatest potential in radiation shielding applications out of the investigated glasses due to the glass having the most desirable parameters.

Effect of different size of PbWO4 particles on EPDM composite for gamma-ray shielding

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050046
Author(s):  
Jinghui Fan ◽  
Juying Wu ◽  
Yan Ma
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Roll Mill ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Shielding Properties

Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) composites filled with 0–400 phr [Formula: see text] (PWO) were prepared by conventional process using a two-roll mill. Surface treatment of the fillers coated with KH570 was conducted to enhance the wettability and lubrication of fillers in the polymer matrix. According to SEM images and mechanical test, both micro- and submicro-fillers disperse homogeneously in the matrix, and adhesion of submicro-fillers to the matrix is stronger than that of micro-fillers. The submicro-PWO composites had better tensile strength and elongation at break than those composites containing micro-PWO powder, but a relatively higher hardness. The photon shielding test was performed to determine the radiation shielding properties of these composites, which showed that attenuation of gamma-rays for the submicro-PWO composites was substantially enhanced compared to micro-PWO reinforced composites.

Replacement of Lead by Green Tungsten-Brass Composites as a Radiation Shielding Material

2014 ◽  
Vol 679 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Basheer Azeez ◽  
Kahtan S. Mohammed ◽  
Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽  
Andrei Victor Sandhu ◽  
Azmi Rahmat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Structural Characterisation ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Suitable Material

Lead metal proved to be toxic. Its lethal effect became eminent. Many developed countries have banned lead usage in various applications. Seeking alternative material to replace lead is a crucial goal. As density concerns, tungsten-brass composite is a good candidate for lead replacement. In this study the radiation shielding effects of tungsten-brass composites were evaluated. To attain this goal, four tungsten-brass sets were prepared. The tungsten (W) wt. % in these specimens was ranged from 50 to 80, the balance is brass. The specimens were sintered at 10500C in alumina tube furnace under protective environment. To evaluate the radiation shielding performance of these specimens, two gamma ray sources, 137Cs and 60Co were utilized. The photon energy levels for these sources were of o.662MeV and 1.25MeV respectively. The measurements were performed using gamma spectrometer contains NaI (Tl) detector. The anti-radiation performance of the tungsten-brass was correlated to that of lead under similar conditions. Vickers micro hardness, relative sintered density, micro structural characterisation and linear attenuation coefficient (μ) were carried out. Samples with the highest Weight percentage of W has the highest hardness value while the one with the lowest Weight percentage of W. The linear attenuation coefficients of the specimens were significantly improved by increasing the W wt. % of the specimen. The linear attenuation coefficients of the tested specimens ranged from 0.85±0.010cm-1 to 1.12±0.049cm-1for 60Co and0.73±0.012 cm-1 to 0.97±0.027 cm-1 for 137Cs. This result indicates that W-brass composites are suitable material for lead replacement as a shielding barrier.Keywords: Attenuation coefficient, radiation shielding, lead, tungsten-brass composites, NaI (Tl).

scholarly journals Radiation Shielding Properties Comparison of Pb-Based Silicate, Borate, and Phosphate Glass Matrices

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suwimon Ruengsri
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Glass ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Total Attenuation ◽  
Shielding Properties ◽  
Glass Matrices ◽  
Mass Attenuation

Theoretical calculations of mass attenuation coefficients, partial interactions, atomic cross-section, and effective atomic numbers of PbO-based silicate, borate, and phosphate glass systems have been investigated at 662 keV. PbO-based silicate glass has been found with the highest total mass attenuation coefficient and then phosphate and borate glasses, respectively. Compton scattering has been the dominate interaction contributed to the different total attenuation coefficients in each of the glass matrices. The silicate and phosphate glass systems are more appropriate choices as lead-based radiation shielding glass than the borate glass system. Moreover, comparison of results has shown that the glasses possess better shielding properties than standard shielding concretes, suggesting a smaller size requirement in addition to transparency in the visible region.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Bentonite Materials with Cement for Gamma-Ray Shielding Capability

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4697
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. El-Khatib ◽  
Mohamed Elsafi ◽  
Mohamed N. Almutiri ◽  
R. M. M. Mahmoud ◽  
Jamila S. Alzahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Buildup Factor ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Mixed Samples

The gamma-ray shielding ability of various Bentonite–Cement mixed materials from northeast Egypt have been examined by determining their theoretical and experimental mass attenuation coefficients, μm (cm2g−1), at photon energies of 59.6, 121.78, 344.28, 661.66, 964.13, 1173.23, 1332.5 and 1408.01 keV emitted from 241Am, 137Cs, 152Eu and 60Co point sources. The μm was theoretically calculated using the chemical compositions obtained by Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), while a NaI (Tl) scintillation detector was used to experimentally determine the μm (cm2g−1) of the mixed samples. The theoretical values are in acceptable agreement with the experimental calculations of the XCom software. The linear attenuation coefficient (μ), mean free path (MFP), half-value layer (HVL) and the exposure buildup factor (EBF) were also calculated by knowing the μm values of the examined samples. The gamma-radiation shielding ability of the selected Bentonite–Cement mixed samples have been studied against other puplished shielding materials. Knowledge of various factors such as thermo-chemical stability, availability and water holding capacity of the bentonite–cement mixed samples can be analyzed to determine the effectiveness of the materials to shield gamma rays.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Radiation Shielding Competence of Bi2O3-CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 Glass Systems

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5061
Author(s):  
Dalal Abdullah Aloraini ◽  
Aljawhara H. Almuqrin ◽  
M. I. Sayyed ◽  
Hanan Al-Ghamdi ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Effective Atomic Number ◽  
Mass Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Radiation Shielding ◽  
The Other ◽  
Linear Attenuation Coefficient ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Theoretical Results

The gamma-ray shielding features of Bi2O3-CaO-K2O-Na2O-P2O5 glass systems were experimentally reported. The mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) for the fabricated glasses was experimentally measured at seven energy values (between 0.0595 and 1.33 MeV). The compatibility between the practical and theoretical results shows the accuracy of the results obtained in the laboratory for determining the MAC of the prepared samples. The mass and linear attenuation coefficients (MACs) increase with the addition of Bi2O3 and A4 glass possesses the highest MAC and LAC. A downward trend in the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) with increasing the energy from 0.0595 to 1.33 MeV is found. The highest LAC is found at 1.33 MeV (in the range of 0.092–0.143 cm−1). The effective atomic number (Zeff) follows the order B1 > A1 > A2 > A3 > A4. This order emphasizes that increasing the content of Bi2O3 has a positive effect on the photon shielding proficiencies owing to the higher density of Bi2O3 compared with Na2O. The half value layer (HVL) is also determined and the HVL for the tested glasses is computed between 0.106 and 0.958 cm at 0.0595 MeV. The glass with 10 mol% of Bi2O3 has lower HVL than the glasses with 0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 mol% of Bi2O3. So, the A4 glass needs a smaller thickness than the other glasses to shield the same radiation. As a result of the reported shielding parameters, inserting B2O3 provides lower values of these three parameters, which in turn leads to the development of superior photons shields.

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