scholarly journals Demand Response Requirements from the Cultural, Social, and Behavioral Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11456
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Shekari ◽  
Hamidreza Arasteh ◽  
Alireza Sheikhi Fini ◽  
Vahid Vahidinasab
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Network Reliability ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
The Social ◽  
Behavioral Variables ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Smart Home Appliances

Demand-side response programs, commonly known as demand response (DR), are interesting ways to attract consumers’ participation to improve electric consumption patterns. Customers are encouraged to modify their usage patterns in reaction to price increases through DR programs. When wholesale market prices are high or network reliability is at risk, DR can help to establish a balance between electricity generation and consumption by providing incentives or considering penalties. The overall objective of adopting DR programs is to increase network reliability and decrease operational costs. Nevertheless, the successful deployment of DR programs requires a set of conditions without which no success can be guaranteed. Implementing DR programs and achieving customers’ optimal power consumption behavior could be obtained through technical methods, such as using smart home appliances and big data techniques. However, even if each of these approaches is correctly implemented, they are not able to address all aspects of the problem. The findings of several studies demonstrate that, in addition to technical and economic concerns, social, cultural, and behavioral variables play a significant role in DR implementation. Therefore, this paper investigated the social, cultural, and behavioral variables as critical requirements for implementing DR programs. Furthermore, a theoretical framework and an analytical model of the elements impacting the electricity consumption are introduced that should be considered by the planners.

Demand Response and FERC Mandated Compensation Issues

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Energy Markets ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Demand Response Programs

This paper describes a Demand Response (DR) pilot event performed at Sandia National Laboratories in August of 2011. This paper includes a description of the planning for the demand response event, sources of energy reduction during the event, the potential financial benefit to Sandia National Laboratories from the event, event implementation issues, and the event results. In addition, this paper presents the implications of the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order 745, Demand Response Compensation in Organized Wholesale Energy Markets, issued in March 2011. In this order FERC mandates that demand response suppliers must be compensated by the organized wholesale energy markets at the local market price for electricity during the hour the demand response is performed. Energy management in a commercial facility can be segregated into energy efficiency and demand response. Energy efficiency focuses on steady state load minimization. Demand response reduces load for event-driven periods during the peak load. Commercial facility demand response refers to voluntary actions by customers that change their consumption of electric power in response to price signals, incentives, or directions from grid operators at times of high wholesale market prices or when electric system reliability is jeopardized. Demand-response-driven changes in electricity use are designed to be short-term and centered on critical hours during the day when demand is high or when the electricity supplier’s reserve margins are low. Demand response events are typically scheduled between 12:00 p.m. and 7:00 p.m. on eight to 15 days during the hottest period of the year. Analysis has determined that automated demand response programs are more efficient and effective than manually controlled demand response programs due to persistence. FERC has stated that their Order 745 ensures organized wholesale energy market competition and removes barriers to the participation of demand response resources. In Order 745, FERC also directed that the demand response compensation costs be allocated among those customers who benefit from the lower prices for energy resulting from the demand response. FERC has allowed the organized wholesale energy markets to establish details for implementation methods for demand response compensation over the next four years following the final Order issue date. This compensation to suppliers of demand response can be significant since demand response is typically performed during those hours when the wholesale market prices are at their highest levels during the year.

scholarly journals Fruit and Vegetable Prices and Perceptions in Mercalaspalmas Wholesale Market

Innovar ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (55) ◽  
pp. 145-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Rodriguez-Feijoo ◽  
Alejandro Rodriguez-Caro ◽  
Carlos Gonzalez-Correa
Keyword(s):  
Market Price ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
Price Behavior ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Daily Data ◽  
Perceived Price ◽  
Significant Factors

This paper studies the behavior of fruit and vegetable prices in a wholesale market. Its aims are: a) to examine price behavior and changes; and b) to identify statistically significant factors in the perception of prices and to quantify the effect of these factors on the market price. For this purpose, daily data were obtained on modal prices at the Mercalaspalmas wholesale market from 2006 until mid-2010. The results obtained show there is a similar degree of flexibility in price increases and decreases, and show the product to be the determinant element in setting prices. There was found to be a strong degree of price permanence, in the sense that changes take place slowly and following a lag. The following significant factors were identified in the perception of prices: the length of time a price has remained unchanged in the market; the period during which a product has been absent from the market; the quantities traded at a given price; and the index of market prices. However, the quantitative effect of this body of factors on the perceived price is very limited.

scholarly journals Assessing the Value of Demand Response in Microgrids

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5848
Author(s):  
Isaías Gomes ◽  
Rui Melicio ◽  
Victor M. F. Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Proper Formulation ◽  
Operation Case

This paper presents a computer application to assist in decisions about sustainability enhancement due to the effect of shifting demand from less favorable periods to periods that are more convenient for the operation of a microgrid. Specifically, assessing how the decisions affect the economic participation of the aggregating agent of the microgrid bidding in an electricity day-ahead market. The aggregating agent must manage microturbines, wind systems, photovoltaic systems, energy storage systems, and loads, facing load uncertainty and further uncertainties due to the use of renewable sources of energy and participation in the day-ahead market. These uncertainties cannot be removed from the decision making, and, therefore, require proper formulation, and the proposed approach customizes a stochastic programming problem for this operation. Case studies show that under these uncertainties and the shifting of demand to convenient periods, there are opportunities to make decisions that lead to significant enhancements of the expected profit. These enhancements are due to better bidding in the day-ahead market and shifting energy consumption in periods of favorable market prices for exporting energy. Through the case studies it is concluded that the proposed approach is useful for the operation of a microgrid.

scholarly journals Modelling Global Nickel Mining, Supply, Recycling, Stocks-in-Use and Price Under Different Resources and Demand Assumptions for 1850–2200

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Hulda Olafsdottir ◽  
Harald Ulrik Sverdrup
Keyword(s):  
Market Prices ◽  
Nickel Extraction ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Nickel Mining ◽  
Ore Grades ◽  
Recoverable Resources ◽  
Business As Usual ◽  
Ore Grade

AbstractThe long-term supply of nickel to society was assessed with the WORLD7 model for the global nickel cycle, using new estimates of nickel reserves and resources, indicating that the best estimate of the ultimately recoverable resources for nickel is in the range of 650–720 million ton. This is significantly larger than earlier estimates. The extractable amounts were stratified by extraction cost and ore grade in the model, making them extractable only after price increases and cost reductions. The model simulated extraction, supply, ore grades, and market prices. The assessment predicts future scarcity and supply problems after 2100 for nickel. The model reconstructs observed extraction, supply and market prices for the period 1850–2020, and is used to simulate development for the period 2020–2200. The quality of nickel ore has decreased significantly from 1850 to 2020 and will continue to do so in the future according to the simulated predictions from the WORLD7 model. For nickel, extraction rates are suggested to reach their maximum value in 2050, and that most primary nickel resources will have been exhausted by 2130. After 2100, the supply per capita for nickel will decline towards exhaustion if business-as-usual is continuing. This will be manifested as reduced supply and increased prices. The peak year can be delayed by a maximum of 100 years if recycling rates are improved significantly and long before scarcity is visible.

Selling Power System Flexibility: Ancillary Service and Real-Time Energy Market Challenges for Storage

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan Kirby
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Market Design ◽  
Ancillary Service ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Regulatory Changes ◽  
System Access ◽  
Power System Flexibility

Power system operators obtain the flexibility required to reliably balance aggregate generation and load through ancillary service and five-minute energy markets. Market prices are based on the marginal opportunity costs of the generators. This market design works well for generators but inherently fails for storage and demand response, denying these new technologies a fair opportunity to compete and denying the power system access to potentially lower cost reliability resources. Market design or regulatory changes may be required for storage and demand response to be viable ancillary service providers.

scholarly journals Evolution of Cultural Identity Terms in Lay and Academic Sources: Implications for Research and Public Policy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxanne Moadel-Attie ◽  
Sheri R. Levy ◽  
Bonita London ◽  
Rami Al-Rfou
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Psychosocial Experiences ◽  
The Social ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Google Books ◽  
Over Time

Increasingly, individuals identify as bicultural and multicultural, yet are sometimes externally misclassified, contributing to experiences of invisibility within U.S. society. Using computational techniques, we examined the transmission of cultural identity terms through time, providing some evidence for the changing representation of social identity. We examined the usage patterns of cultural identity terms with the prefixes (mono-, bi-, multi-), modifying the social identity terms: culture, ethnicity, and race (e.g., comparing monocultural, monoethnic and monoracial). For bicultural and multicultural terms, those with -racial suffixes were the earliest used terms, while those with -cultural and -ethnic suffixes gained more popularity recently. We examined the evolution of the higher frequency social identity terms in lay sources (NY Times, Reddit), and found that interracial and multicultural were the most popular over time, peaking recently. We examined the potential time lag in the sequence of identity terms amongst academic (PsycINFO, NIH and NSF Databases), lay (NY Times) and mixed sources (Google Books N-Grams), supporting our hypothesis that newer terms (e.g., multicultural) are first used and gain prevalence in lay sources, then mixed sources, and eventually academic sources. The implications of these findings for research, public policy and psychosocial experiences of individuals are discussed.

scholarly journals Control of the lighting system using a genetic algorithm

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 237-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velimir Congradac ◽  
Bosko Milosavljevic ◽  
Jovan Velickovic ◽  
Bogdan Prebiracevic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Lighting System ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
The Social ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Very High

The manufacturing, distribution and use of electricity are of fundamental importance for the social life and they have the biggest influence on the environment associated with any human activity. The energy needed for building lighting makes up 20-40% of the total consumption. This paper displays the development of the mathematical model and genetic algorithm for the control of dimmable lighting on problems of regulating the level of internal lighting and increase of energetic efficiency using daylight. A series of experiments using the optimization algorithm on the realized model confirmed very high savings in electricity consumption.

scholarly journals An R-based forecasting approach for efficient demand response strategies in autonomous micro-grids

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paraskevas Panagiotidis ◽  
Andrew Effraimis ◽  
George A Xydis
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
End Users ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
System Operator ◽  
Modelling Methodology

The main aim of this work is to reduce electricity consumption for consumers with an emphasis on the residential sector in periods of increased demand. Efforts are focused on creating a methodology in order to statistically analyse energy demand data and come up with forecasting methodology/pattern that will allow end-users to organize their consumption. This research presents an evaluation of potential Demand Response programmes in Greek households, in a real-time pricing market model through the use of a forecasting methodology. Long-term Demand Side Management programs or Demand Response strategies allow end-users to control their consumption based on the bidirectional communication with the system operator, improving not only the efficiency of the system but more importantly, the residential sector-associated costs from the end-users’ side. The demand load data were analysed and categorised in order to form profiles and better understand the consumption patterns. Different methods were tested in order to come up with the optimal result. The Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average modelling methodology was selected in order to ensure forecasts production on load demand with the maximum accuracy.

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