scholarly journals A Real-Time Simulator for an Innovative Hybrid Thermal Management System Based on Experimental Verification

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 11729
Author(s):  
Yu-hsuan Lin ◽  
Li-fan Liu ◽  
Yi-hsuan Hung ◽  
Chun-hsin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Simulation Experiment ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Temperature Error ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Coolant Pump ◽  
Experimental Platform ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Loop Form

The performance and efficiency of green energy sources in electric vehicles (EVs) are significantly affected by operation temperatures. To maintain the optimal temperatures of a hybrid energy system (HES), an innovative hybrid thermal management system (IHTMS) was designed. The IHTMS contains a coolant pump, a heat exchanger, a proportional valve for hybrid flow rates, five coolant pipes, and three electromagnetic valves to form two mode-switch coolant loops. A Matlab/Simulink-based simulator of the IHTMS was constructed by formulating a set of first-ordered dynamics of temperatures of coolant pipes and energy bodies using the theories of Newton’s law of cooling and the lumped-parameter technique. Parameters were majorly derived by measured performance maps and data from the experimental platform of the IHTMS. To properly manage the optimal temperatures, four control modes were designed for inner-loop form and outer-loop form. For the experimental platform to verify the simulator, two power supplies generated the waste heat of dual energy sources calculated by the driving cycle and vehicle dynamics. Simulation results show that the temperatures were controlled at their optimal ranges by proper mode/loop switch. With the inner-loop mechanism, the rise time of optimal temperature decreased 27.4%. The average simulation-experiment temperature error of the battery was 0.898 °C; the average simulation-experiment temperature error of the PEMFC was 4.839 °C. The IHTMS will be integrated to a real HES in the future.

A Hydraulic Actuated Automotive Thermal Management System: Theory and Experiment

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peyton Frick ◽  
John Wagner ◽  
Parikshit Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Coolant Pump ◽  
Engine Cooling ◽  
Thermal Management System ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Computer Controlled

The performance of engine cooling systems can be improved by replacing the traditional mechanical driven radiator fan and water pump assemblies with computer controlled components. The power requirements for electric servo-motors increase with larger cooling demands which necessitate larger motors and/or a distributed configuration. One solution may be the use of hydraulic-based components due to their high power density and compact size. This paper investigates a thermal management system that features a computer controlled hydraulic actuated automotive fan and water pump. A mathematical model was derived for the hydraulic and thermal system components. To experimentally study the concept, a hydraulic driven fan and coolant pump were integrated with electric immersion heaters and radiator to emulate a vehicle cooling system. The dynamic model exhibited a strong correlation with the experimental test data. For a series of operating profiles, the servo-solenoid proportional control valves successfully tracked prescribed temperature set points to demonstrate that a hydraulic cooling system can maintain engine operating conditions.

A Thermal Management System for a PEM Fuel Cell System in Commercial Vehicles

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Woo Ahn ◽  
Song-Yul Choe
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Pem Fuel Cell ◽  
Cell System ◽  
State Feedback Control ◽  
Fuel Cell System ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Coolant Pump ◽  
Thermal Management System

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell operating in commercial vehicles produces a relatively high amount of heat. In order for securing durable operations, the produced heat should be rejected to keep the temperature in the cell under the limit. High temperature increases the rate of electrochemical reactions and mobility of water vapor. However, a thermal stress imposing on the thin layers of catalysts and membranes can accelerate degradation processes. Therefore, proper design of a thermal management system (TMS) and the associated control is required for ensuring highly reliable and efficient operations of the system. A typical thermal circuit consisting of a radiator, a fan, a reservoir and a coolant pump has been used to reject the excessive heat from the fuel cell. However, the capability of heat rejection is limited by sizes of the components that cannot be employed in heavy duty vehicles. In this study, we used two coolant loops, where the inner circuit consists of a bypass valve, a heat exchanger, a reservoir and a water pump and the outer circuit includes a radiator, a fan, a reservoir and a coolant pump. A state feedback control for the two loops was designed. Objectives for the controls were to maintain the temperature at the set value and to reduce the parasitic loss of the system. The controllers were tested on a dynamic model of a stack developed in the laboratory. Included is analysis of dynamic performance of the designed controllers at multiple step currents and FUDS. As a result of the proposed thermal management system, the size of radiator and the capacity of the pumps for proposed design become 10% smaller than those for the typical one. In addition, the overall net power of the fuel cell system increases to 5%.

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