scholarly journals Comparison of the Observation Errors of Augmented and Spatial Reality Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 12076
Author(s):  
Masataka Ariwa ◽  
Tomoki Itamiya ◽  
So Koizumi ◽  
Tetsutaro Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Stereoscopic Vision ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Head Mounted Displays ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
Working Distance

Using 3D technologies such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), has intensified nowadays. The mainstream AR devices in use today are head-mounted displays (HMDs), which, due to specification limitations, may not perform to their full potential within a distance of 1.0 m. The spatial reality display (SRD) is another system that facilitates stereoscopic vision by the naked eye. The recommended working distance is 30.0~75.0 cm. It is crucial to evaluate the observation accuracy within 1.0 m for each device in the medical context. Here, 3D-CG models were created from dental models, and the observation errors of 3D-CG models displayed within 1.0 m by HMD and SRD were verified. The measurement error results showed that the HMD model yielded more significant results than the control model (Model) under some conditions, while the SRD model had the same measurement accuracy as the Model. The measured errors were 0.29~1.92 mm for HMD and 0.02~0.59 mm for SRD. The visual analog scale scores for distinctness were significantly higher for SRD than for HMD. Three-dimensionality did not show any relationship with measurement error. In conclusion, there is a specification limitation for using HMDs within 1.0 m, as shown by the measured values. In the future, it will be essential to consider the characteristics of each device in selecting the use of AR devices. Here, we evaluated the accuracies of 3D-CG models displayed in space using two different systems of AR devices.

Blowing Away Shot Pain: A Technique for Pain Management During Immunization During Immunization

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina M. French ◽  
Eileen C. Painter ◽  
Daniel L. Coury
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Department ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Public Health Department ◽  
Painful Procedure ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Tetanus Immunization ◽  
Active Distraction

Objective. To study the effect of an active distraction technique on pain in preschool children receiving diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus immunization. Design. Randomized, unblinded controlled study. Setting. Columbus Public Health Department Immunization Clinics. Participants. One hundred forty-nine 4- to 7-year-old children. Intervention. Children were taught to blow out air repeatedly during the injection, as if they were blowing bubbles. Results. Children who were taught to blow out air during their shots had significantly fewer pain behaviors (P < .04) and demonstrated a trend toward lower subjectively reported pain (P = .06). There was no significant difference in the nurse or parent visual analog scale scores. Conclusions. A simple distraction technique can be effective in helping children cope with the pain of immunization. The use of such a technique to relieve the pain and distress associated with even a brief painful procedure should be encouraged.

Association Between Type of Face Mask and Visual Analog Scale Scores During Pain Assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merav Ben Natan ◽  
Yaniv Steinfeld ◽  
Sara Badash ◽  
Galina Shmilov ◽  
Milena Abramov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Pain Assessment ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Scale Scores

scholarly journals An Improved Step-Type Liquid Level Sensing System for Bridge Structural Dynamic Deflection Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xijun Ye ◽  
Zhuo Sun ◽  
Xu Cai ◽  
Liu Mei
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Step Height ◽  
Liquid Level ◽  
Measurement Point ◽  
Structural Dynamic ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
Step Type

Real-time and accurate monitoring of dynamic deflection is of great significance for health monitoring and condition assessment of bridge structures. This paper proposes an improved step-type liquid level sensing system (LLSS) for dynamic deflection monitoring. Layout of straight-line-type pipeline is replaced by step-type pipeline in this improved deflection monitoring system, which can remove the interference of the inclination angle on the measurement accuracy and is applicable for dynamic deflection monitoring. Fluid dynamics are first analyzed to demonstrate that measurement accuracy is interfered with by the fluid velocity induced by structural vibration, and ANSYS-FLOTRAN is applied for analyzing the influence range caused by the turbulent flow. Finally, a step-type LLSS model is designed and experimented with to verify the influence of the three key parameters (initial displacement excitation, step height, and distance from the measurement point to the elbow) on the measurement accuracy, and the reasonable placement scheme for the measurement point is determined. The results show that the measurement accuracy mainly depends on the turbulent flow caused by step height. The measurement error gets smaller after about 1.0 m distance from the elbow. To ensure that the measurement error is less than 6%, the distance between the measurement point and the elbow should be larger than 1.0 m.

Badge-Type Noise Dosimeters Used in the Mining Industry

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Homer
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Type Versus ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Type Design ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Influence Measurement

Currently, a number of manufacturers have developed and made commercially available badge-type (cordless) noise dosimeters. Previous studies conducted by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) revealed that microphone size and placement/orientation significantly influence measurement error. The badge-type design houses the microphone within a significantly larger casing than does the traditional corded-type dosimeter. This presents concern that badge-type designs may significantly inhibit measurement accuracy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the casing of various badge-type dosimeters in order to discern conditions and assess the extent to which the badge-type design contributes toward measurement error in comparison with the traditionally used corded dosimeter. For this, a series of laboratory measurements were conducted employing various commercially available badge-type casings and corded counterparts. Corresponding results are summarized and extended to conclusions regarding the effect of microphone casing design, badge-type versus corded, on measurement accuracy for personal noise dosimetry.

scholarly journals Comparison of outcomes of osteosynthesis in type II accessory navicular by variable fixation methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011418S0037
Author(s):  
Hyun-woo Park ◽  
Ho-seong Jang ◽  
Jae Wan Suh ◽  
Sunghyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Tension Band ◽  
Tension Band Wiring ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Fixation Methods ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Accessory Navicular ◽  
Screw Group

Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: To compare the outcomes of fixation methods for osteosynthesis of a type II symptomatic accessory navicular between screw and tension band wiring. Methods: Forty-four patients (mean age, 29.2 years; range, 13–54 years; 21 males and 23 females) who had undergone operative treatment after failed conservative treatment were chosen for the study between 2007 and 2014. The patients were divided into two groups by the method of osteosynthesis: group 1 (screw) and group 2 (tension band wiring). Pre and postoperative evaluations were performed, using the midfoot scale from the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS), a visual analog scale, time to return to social activities, and plain radiography. Results: The AOFAS midfoot and visual analog scale scores of both groups were improved at the last postoperative follow-up. The time to return to social activities was 12.3 weeks in the screw group and 11.9 weeks in the tension band wiring group (p = 0.394). A broken screw was observed in one case in the screw group and a broken k-wire was detected in two cases in the tension band wiring group. Nonunion was observed in two cases in each group. Conclusion: The tension band wiring technique could be another treatment choice of osteosynthesis for fixation of the accessory navicular bone.

scholarly journals A Research on the Simultaneous Localization Method in the Process of Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Homing with Unknown Varying Measurement Error

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (21) ◽  
pp. 4614
Author(s):  
Lingyan Dong ◽  
Hongli Xu ◽  
Xisheng Feng ◽  
Xiaojun Han ◽  
Chuang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Underwater Vehicle ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Observation System ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Localization Method ◽  
Working Distance

We propose an acoustic-based framework for automatically homing an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) to the fixed docking station (F-DS) and mobile docking station (M-DS). The proposed framework contains a simultaneous localization method of AUV and docking station (DS) and a guidance method based on the position information. The Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) algorithm is not available as the statistical characteristics of the measurement error of the observation system are unknown. To solve this problem, we propose a data pre-processing method. Firstly, the measurement error data of acoustic sensor are collected. Then, We propose a Variational Auto-Encoder (VAE) based Gaussian mixture model (GMM) for estimating the statistical characteristics of measurement error. Finally, we propose a support vector regression (SVR) algorithm to fit the non-linear relationship between the statistical characteristics of measurement error and its corresponding working distance. We adopt a guidance method based on line-of-sight (LOS) and path tracking method for homing an AUV to the fixed docking station (F-DS) and mobile docking station (M-DS). The lake experimental data are used to verify the performance of the localization with the estimated statistical characteristics of measurement error.

Reducing the Pain of Local 1% Lidocaine Infiltration with a Preceding Bacteriostatic Saline Injection

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen L. Barrett ◽  
Jim Maxka ◽  
Jamie N. Mieras ◽  
Kimbal E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Prospective Trial ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Medical Procedure ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Lidocaine Injection

Background: Lidocaine injection for local anesthesia is a common podiatric medical procedure. We tested the hypothesis that injection of bacteriostatic saline solution containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol before the lidocaine infiltration can reduce the burning caused by lidocaine injection. Methods: This double-blind prospective trial involved 45 participants who each received four injections in two areas of the dorsum of the foot and rated the perceived pain on a visual analog scale. The order of the injections was designed to disguise the control and intervention arms of the study. Results: The sensation of the lidocaine injection after the injection of saline was reduced significantly (P = .028). The percentage of lidocaine injections with visual analog scale scores of 0 increased by 36% after preinjection with bacteriostatic saline solution containing 0.9% benzyl alcohol. Conclusions: The fact that 40% of the intervention visual analog scale pain scores for lidocaine injections were 0 suggests that a near painless lidocaine injection technique is an achievable goal and that the present technique is a simple and inexpensive method of reducing the pain of lidocaine injections. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(3): 223–230, 2011)

Comparing three validated methods of patient self-reported fatigue in a prospective randomized clinical trial.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9108-9108
Author(s):  
Katherine Sams ◽  
L. Doug Case ◽  
Glenn Jay Lesser ◽  
Michelle Joy Naughton ◽  
Susan Kidwell Williford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Vas Scores ◽  
Baseline Levels ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Chemotherapy Initiation ◽  
Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation

9108 Background: Fatigue can be measured with different validated assessment instruments in symptom management trials. Methods: Between 2004-2009, the Wake Forest CCOP Research Base protocol 97202 randomized 236 women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for newly diagnosed breast cancer to Coenzyme Q10 supplementation vs placebo. The primary endpoint was change in self-reported fatigue. Patients (pt) were assessed at baseline, 8, 16, and 24 weeks (wk) with 3 instruments: 1) Profile of Mood States – Fatigue (POMS; 7 questions; scored 0-4); 2) Functional Assessment of Cancer Treatment – Fatigue (FACIT; 13 questions; scored 0-4); and 3) Visual Analog Scale (VAS; one scale; scored 0-10). For comparison, each instrument was rescaled from 0 to 100; higher numbers indicate worse fatigue. Results: CoQ10 did not significantly affect fatigue (Lesser G et al, ASCO Proc., 2010). All 3 measures demonstrated an increase in fatigue after chemotherapy initiation at 8 & 16 wks with trend towards baseline levels at 24 wks. The fatigue measures were highly correlated: r ≥ 0.8 for all pairwise associations at all times. However, their scores varied. The Table shows mean rescaled scores for pt below/above the median fatigue level, calculated by taking mean of the three scores averaged across the four time periods. In general, POMS tended to give the lowest and VAS the highest scores, but differences between POMS and FACIT and FACIT and VAS depended on mean fatigue level. For pt experiencing lower (<median) fatigue, FACIT and VAS scores were similar, while POMS scores were significantly lower. For higher (>median) fatigue, POMS and FACIT scores were similar, while VAS was significantly higher. Conclusions: While POMS, FACIT, and VAS scores were highly correlated, their scale scores varied depending on the level of fatigue experienced by the pt. Fatigue assessment methods in clinical trials should be selected carefully as they do not always give equivalent results. Supported by NCI/DCP grant U10 CA81851. [Table: see text]

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