scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of the Urban Road Public Transport System Efficiency Based on Data Envelopment Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Alberto Romero-Ania ◽  
María Auxiliadora De Vicente Oliva ◽  
Lourdes Rivero Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
City Council ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Public Road

Air pollution resulting from massive urban development and increased use of private vehicles is a major environmental concern, with particular relevance in urban areas. Urban public road transport has a significant impact on shaping land use patterns, air pollution and welfare. It must therefore be efficient in terms of air pollution in order to contribute to sustainable metropolitan mobility and economic growth. This study proposes a novel and consistent data envelopment analysis, aiming to identify which urban public transport vehicle is the most efficient in terms of air pollution and therefore environmentally suitable for use in public road transport systems. The case of Madrid has been analyzed, as it is representative of other large cities, which have similar bus alternatives and the common objective of reducing air pollution. Madrid City Council data has been compiled by authors and assessed by a panel of twenty experts to determine the model criteria weights. The results show that the plug-in electric vehicle has the lowest pollutant emission values while delivering the highest performance. Useful recommendations are provided to support public policy decisions related to the complex relationships between urban land use, urban transport and air pollution in urban areas.

scholarly journals A Benchmarking Strategy for Delhi Transport Corporation: An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 232-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Punita Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Input And Output

The growth of any developing economy depends largely on its transport sector. Growing economy leads to more job opportunities and movement of people from rural to urban areas. Public road transport hence plays a significant role as a support system in carrying passengers. This paper discusses the efficiency of State Transport Undertakings of India, in particular, Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) using the technique of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and regression analysis. A data set of 46 State Transport Undertakings of India have been considered for the study. DEA was applied to compute the efficiencies of units under study. Potential improvements in the input and output variables were computed for the inefficient units. Regression analysis was then performed to identify the explanatory variables that significantly affect the input and output variables. It was observed that DTC is one amongst the worst performers. It showed a technical inefficiency of 50.94% and was operating on decreasing returns to scale. Further, DTC needs to increase its output substantially in order to attain the level of efficiency. Also it is not utilizing its resources optimally as it needs to reduce all its inputs. In other words, DTC is not utilizing its resources as optimally as its efficient peers. This paper is an attempt to apply regression technique along with the non parametric technique of Data Envelopment Analysis so that the decision makers of DTC can identify the areas where improvement is required and plan a strategy to improve their performance. This would enable DTC to move from a loss incurring to a profit making unit.

scholarly journals Efficiency Evaluation of Urban Road Transport and Land Use in Hunan Province of China Based on Hybrid Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Models

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang ◽  
Guan ◽  
Qian ◽  
Xing ◽  
Wu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Technical Efficiency ◽  
National Development ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Central China ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Urban Road

Urban road transport and land use (RTLU) jointly promote economic development by concentrating labor, material, and capital. This paper presents an integrated RTLU efficiency analysis that explores the degree of coordination between these two systems to provide guidance for future adaptations necessary for sustainable urban development. Both a super efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis model and window analysis were used to spatiotemporally evaluate RTLU efficiency from 2012 to 2016 in 14 cities of Hunan province, central China. The Malmquist index was decomposed into technical efficiency and technology change to reveal reasons for changes in RTLU efficiency. These evaluation results show regional disparities in efficiency across Hunan province, with western cities being the least efficient. Eight cities showed an increasing trend in RTLU efficiency while Yueyang exhibited a decreasing trend. In 13 of 14 regions, productivity improved every year. At the same time, five regions had a decline in technical efficiency even though technical progress increased in all regions. Our analysis shows that greater investment in road transport and urban construction are not enough to ensure sustainable urban growth. Policy must instead promote the full use of current resources according to local conditions to meet local, regional, and national development goals.

scholarly journals Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis of Sustainable Urban Public Transport Systems

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 1844
Author(s):  
Alberto Romero-Ania ◽  
Lourdes Rivero Gutiérrez ◽  
María Auxiliadora De Vicente Oliva
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
City Council ◽  
Multiple Criteria ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Public Road ◽  
Urban Public Transport ◽  
Electre Tri

Urban public transport systems must be economically efficient and additionally environmentally sustainable. Available decision support systems, including multiple criteria decision models, allow identifying which urban public transport vehicles are acceptable and those that should no longer be used in efficient and environmentally friendly cities. Previous research has ranked urban public transport vehicles by applying analytic hierarchy process multi-criteria decision-making models, from economic and non-polluting perspectives. However, until now, the types of vehicles acceptable for fleet renewal have not been identified. This study proposes a consistent combination of the ELECTRE TRI multiple criteria decision sorting method and the DELPHI procedure, the objective of which is to identify which urban public transport vehicles are acceptable, taking into consideration a suggested sustainable threshold, which includes economic and environmental strict requirements. The proposed model is based on 2020 Madrid urban public road transport data, published by Madrid City Council, which were compiled by the authors, and assessed by a panel of 20 experts to identify criteria and factors included in the model. Findings help local administrations to identify which urban public transport vehicles should be progressively replaced by those classified as economically efficient and additionally environmentally sustainable.

scholarly journals Development of Land Use Regression Model for Seasonal Variation of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) in Lahore, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4933
Author(s):  
Saimar Pervez ◽  
Ryuta Maruyama ◽  
Ayesha Riaz ◽  
Satoshi Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Land Use Classification ◽  
Land Use Regression ◽  
Air Exposure

Ambient air pollution and its exposure has been a worldwide issue and can increase the possibility of health risks especially in urban areas of developing countries having the mixture of different air pollution sources. With the increase in population, industrial development and economic prosperity, air pollution is one of the biggest concerns in Pakistan after the occurrence of recent smog episodes. The purpose of this study was to develop a land use regression (LUR) model to provide a better understanding of air exposure and to depict the spatial patterns of air pollutants within the city. Land use regression model was developed for Lahore city, Pakistan using the average seasonal concentration of NO2 and considering 22 potential predictor variables including road network, land use classification and local specific variable. Adjusted explained variance of the LUR models was highest for post-monsoon (77%), followed by monsoon (71%) and was lowest for pre-monsoon (70%). This is the first study conducted in Pakistan to explore the applicability of LUR model and hence will offer the application in other cities. The results of this study would also provide help in promoting epidemiological research in future.

scholarly journals A Differentiated Spatial Assessment of Urban Ecosystem Services Based on Land Use Data in Halle, Germany

Land ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janis Arnold ◽  
Janina Kleemann ◽  
Christine Fürst
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Urban Ecosystem Services ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Cooling Effects

Urban ecosystem services (ES) contribute to the compensation of negative effects caused by cities by means of, for example, reducing air pollution and providing cooling effects during the summer time. In this study, an approach is described that combines the regional biotope and land use data set, hemeroby and the accessibility of open space in order to assess the provision of urban ES. Hemeroby expresses the degree of naturalness of land use types and, therefore, provides a differentiated assessment of urban ES. Assessment of the local capacity to provide urban ES was conducted with a spatially explicit modeling approach in the city of Halle (Saale) in Germany. The following urban ES were assessed: (a) global climate regulation, (b) local climate regulation, (c) air pollution control, (d) water cycle regulation, (e) food production, (f) nature experience and (g) leisure activities. We identified areas with high and low capacity of ES in the urban context. For instance, the central parts of Halle had very low or no capacity to provide ES due to highly compact building styles and soil sealing. In contrast, peri-urban areas had particularly high capacities. The potential provision of regulating services was spatially limited due to the location of land use types that provide these services.

The Role of Road Infrastructure and Air Pollution in the Recent Suburbanization of India’s Cities

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Holian ◽  
Kala Seetharam Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Central City ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Indian Cities

This article re-examines the suburbanization of Indian cities by calculating population density gradients, for a large number of urban agglomerations, using recent data and Mills’ two-point method. In the next step, we estimate multiple regression models to explore the determinants of suburbanization. This study presents several methodological advances over previous research, by incorporating new measures of transport infrastructure, air pollution and city–suburb income ratios as determinants of suburbanization of Indian cities. Our results clearly show that suburbanization is higher in urban areas with higher population and lower central city–suburban literacy ratios. We find some evidence that suburbanization is higher in urban areas with more road transport infrastructure, consistent with our expectations, though results concerning air pollution run counter to expectations. However, these could relate to caveats regarding the data and methods.

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