scholarly journals A Herbal Concoction of Cinnamomum cassia and Artemisa annua Extracts Ameliorates Allergic Rhinitis in OVA-Induced Balb/C Mice by Inhibiting Th2 Signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Chuhyun Bae ◽  
Jisoo Kim ◽  
Soodong Park ◽  
Jaejung Shim ◽  
Junglyoul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease ◽  
Artemisa Annua

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory airway disease (IAD) that is characterized by itching, nasal obstruction, and sneezing. AR is induced by Th-2 inflammatory responses such as those mediated by IgE and IL-4. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of an herbal concoction, which is a combination of Cinnamomum cassia and Artemisa annua extracts (CIAR) against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in a Balb/C mouse model. The effect of CIAR on the Th-2 mediated inflammatory response in the AR mouse model was studied by analyzing blood or nasal fluid samples. Experimental results revealed that OVA inhalation increased IgE, IL-4, IL-33, and TSLP levels, leading to Th2-type cytokine response. CIAR was found to significantly reduce the Th-2 response and levels of cytokines, including IL-4, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). CIAR also down-regulated eosinophil (EOS) and basophil (BASO) levels in the blood. Histological analyses demonstrated decreased OVA-induced thickness of the respiratory epithelium in the CIAR-treated group. Collectively, our results suggest that the herbal concoction CIAR can effectively ameliorate the development of allergic rhinitis through the inhibition of Th-2 mediated responses.

Combined Treatment With H1 and H4 Receptor Antagonists Improves Th2 Inflammatory Responses in the Nasal Mucosa of Allergic Rhinitis Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 194589242110026
Author(s):  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
Hongwei Yu ◽  
Yongliang Pan ◽  
Shengwen Shao
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
H4 Receptor

Background Histamine H1 receptor (H1R) antagonists are the first-line drugs for the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) at present. Emerging evidence supports an important role of histamine H4 receptor (H4R) in allergic diseases. However, information regarding the effects of combined treatment with H1 and H4 receptor antagonists in AR is limited. Objectives We aimed to assess the effects of combined treatment with H1R and H4R antagonists on Th2 inflammatory responses in the nasal mucosa of AR rats. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were sensitized with ovalbumin and treated with H1R antagonist desloratadine or/and H4R antagonist JNJ7777120. Western blotting was used to assay the phenotypic markers of mature dendritic cells in the nasal mucosa, including major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) and co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86 and OX40 ligand (OX40L). Th2 inflammatory cytokines including interleukin-4, 5 and 13 in nasal lavage fluids were determined by using enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results The treatment with desloratadine alone down-regulated the CD86 expression, and decreased the production of Th2 cytokines, but had no impact on the expression of MHC-II, CD80 and OX40L. The administration of NJ7777120 alone reduced the levels of CD86, OX40L and Th2 cytokines, whereas MHC-II and CD80 expression was unaffected. The combination of desloratadine and JNJ7777120 showed more significant synergistic therapeutic effects than monotherapy. Conclusion H4R antagonist acted synergistically with H1R antagonist to reduce Th2 inflammatory responses by down-regulating CD86 and OX40L expression in the nasal mucosa of AR rats. The combination with H1R and H4R antagonists might be a new strategy for AR treatment.

scholarly journals Berberine Blocks the Relapse of Clostridium difficile Infection in C57BL/6 Mice after Standard Vancomycin Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 3726-3735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Lv ◽  
Guoli Peng ◽  
Weihua Liu ◽  
Hufeng Xu ◽  
JianRong Su
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Vancomycin Treatment

ABSTRACTVancomycin is a preferred antibiotic for treatingClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) and has been associated with a rate of recurrence of CDI of as high as 20% in treated patients. Recent studies have suggested that berberine, an alternative medical therapy for gastroenteritis and diarrhea, exhibits several beneficial effects, including induction of anti-inflammatory responses and restoration of the intestinal barrier function. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of berberine on preventing CDI relapse and restoring the gut microbiota in a mouse model. Berberine was administered through gavage to C57BL/6 mice with established CDI-induced intestinal injury and colitis. The disease activity index (DAI), mean relative weight, histopathology scores, and levels of toxins A and B in fecal samples were measured. An Illumina sequencing-based analysis of 16S rRNA genes was used to determine the overall structural change in the microbiota in the mouse ileocecum. Berberine administration significantly promoted the restoration of the intestinal microbiota by inhibiting the expansion of members of the familyEnterobacteriaceaeand counteracting the side effects of vancomycin treatment. Therapy consisting of vancomycin and berberine combined prevented weight loss, improved the DAI and the histopathology scores, and effectively decreased the mortality rate. Berberine prevented CDIs from relapsing and significantly improved survival in the mouse model of CDI. Our data indicate that a combination of berberine and vancomycin is more effective than vancomycin alone for treating CDI. One of the possible mechanisms by which berberine prevents a CDI relapse is through modulation of the gut microbiota. Although this conclusion was generated in the case of the mouse model, use of the combination of vancomycin and berberine and represent a novel therapeutic approach targeting CDI.

Effects of the Inhaled Treatment of Liriope Radix on an Asthmatic Mouse Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (03) ◽  
pp. 425-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Suk Kim ◽  
Dong-Hyuk Cho ◽  
Hea Jung Yang ◽  
Eun-Kyeong Choi ◽  
Min Hee Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Airway Obstructions ◽  
Liriope Platyphylla ◽  
Spicatoside A ◽  
Airway Hypersensitivity

As a treatment for allergic asthma, inhaled treatments such as bronchodilators that contain β2-agonists have an immediate effect, which attenuates airway obstructions and decreases airway hypersensitivity. However, bronchodilators only perform on a one off basis, but not consistently. Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways accompanying the overproduction of mucus, airway wall remodeling, bronchial hyperreactivity and airway obstruction. Liriope platyphylla radix extract (LPP), a traditional Korean medicine, has been thoroughly studied and found to be an effective anti-inflammatory medicine. Here, we demonstrate that an inhaled treatment of LPP can attenuate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in an ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mouse model, compared to the saline-treated group (p < 0.01). Moreover, LPP decreases inflammatory cytokine levels, such as eotaxin (p < 0.05), IL-5 (p < 0.05), IL-13 (p < 0.001), RANTES (p < 0.01), and TNF-α (p < 0.05) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of asthmatic mice. A histopathological study was carried out to determine the effects of LPP inhalation on mice lung tissue. We performed UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS, LC/MS, and GC/MS analyses to analyze the chemical constituents of LPP, finding that these are ophiopogonin D, spicatoside A, spicatoside B, benzyl alcohol, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. This study demonstrates the effect of an inhaled LPP treatment both on airway AHR and on the inflammatory response in an asthmatic mouse model. Hence, LPP holds significant promise as a nasal inhalant for the treatment of asthmatic airway disease.

scholarly journals The Supernatant of Tonsil-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Has Antiallergic Effects in Allergic Rhinitis Mouse Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
In-Su Park ◽  
Ji Hye Kim ◽  
Jun-Sang Bae ◽  
Dong-Kyu Kim ◽  
Ji-Hun Mo
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Receptor Signal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background and Purpose. Recently, tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (T-MSCs) have attracted great attention in various medical fields due to easier harvest of T-MSCs and more immunomodulatory effects than adipose-derived MSCs. However, there was still little evidence of the effect of conditioned media from T-MSCs (T-MSCs-CM) on allergic rhinitis (AR). Therefore, we investigated the impact of T-MSCs-CM on an AR mouse model. Methods. We isolated T-MSCs from human palatine tonsil and evaluated the ingredients of T-MSCs-CM. The effect of T-MSCs-CM was evaluated in the AR mouse model that was randomly divided into five groups (negative control, positive control, and T-MSCs-CM treated (0.1 mg, 1 mg, and 10 mg)). To investigate the therapeutic effect, we analyzed rhinitis symptoms, serum immunoglobulin (Ig), inflammatory cells, and cytokine expression. We also assessed T cell receptor signal, including MAP kinase (ERK/JNK), p65, and NFAT1. Results. We identified the increment of TGF-β1, PGE2, and HGF in the T-MSCs-CM. In an animal study, the T-MSCs-CM-treated group showed significantly reduced allergic symptoms and infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils in the nasal mucosa, whereas there was no significant difference in total IgE and the OVA-specific IgE level. Additionally, we found that the 10 mg T-MSCs-CM-treated group showed a significantly decreased IL-4 mRNA expression, compared to the (+) Con group. In the analysis of T cell receptor signal, the phosphorylation of MAP kinases, translocation of p65, and activation of NFAT1 were inhibited after T-MSCs-CM. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that T-MSCs-CM showed a partial immunomodulatory effect on the AR mouse model by the inhibition of T cell activation via MAP kinase, p65, and NFAT1.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Response and Muscarinic Cholinergic Regulation during the Laxative Effect of Asparagus cochinchinensis in Loperamide-Induced Constipation of SD Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Kim ◽  
Ji Park ◽  
Mi Kang ◽  
Hyeon Choi ◽  
Su Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Cholinergic Regulation ◽  
Muscarinic Cholinergic ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Asparagus Cochinchinensis

Several types of saponins and herbal plants containing saponins have been reported to have anti-inflammatory or laxative activities. To verify the therapeutic effects of saponin-enriched extracts of Asparagus cochinchinensis (SPA) on the anti-inflammatory response and on the cholinergic regulation in the gastrointestinal system, an alteration on the constipation phenotypes, on the inflammatory responses, and on the muscarinic cholinergic regulation were investigated in the transverse colons of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after the treatment of SPA. Significant increases were observed on the total number of stools, the gastrointestinal transit, the thickness of the mucosal layer, the flat luminal surface, the number of paneth cells, and the lipid droplets in the Lop + SPA-treated group as compared to the Lop + Vehicle-treated group. SPA treatment induced the recovery of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) and IL-6), inflammatory mediators (NF-κB and iNOS), the total number of infiltered mast cells, and mucin secretion. Also, some similar improvements were observed on the levels of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity and on the phosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC) as well as the expression of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors M2/M3 (mAChR M2/M3) and their mediators. The results presented herein provide the first strong evidence that SPA stimulates anti-inflammatory responses and the muscarinic cholinergic regulation when exerting its laxative effects in the chronic constipation of Lop-induced models.

scholarly journals Predictive Modeling of MAFLD Based on Hsp90α and the Therapeutic Application of Teprenone in a Diet-Induced Mouse Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Xie ◽  
Lu Chen ◽  
Zhipeng Xu ◽  
Chen Li ◽  
Yangyue Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Mice Model

Background and AimsThe heat shock protein (Hsp) 90α is induced by stress and regulates inflammation through multiple pathways. Elevated serum Hsp90α had been found in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Geranylgeranylacetone (GGA, also called teprenone) is a terpenoid derivative. It was reported to induce Hsp and alleviate insulin resistance. We aimed to evaluate the Hsp90α as a biomarker in predicting metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and define the therapeutic effects of geranylgeranylacetone for the disease.MethodsA clinical study was conducted to analyze the elements associated with Hsp90α, and a predictive model of MAFLD was developed based on Hsp90α. The histopathological correlation between Hsp90α and MAFLD was investigated through a diet-induced mouse model. Furthermore, GGA was applied to the mouse model.ResultsSerum Hsp90α was increased in patients with MAFLD. A positive linear relationship was found between age, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), MAFLD, and serum Hsp90α. Meanwhile, a negative linear relationship with body mass index (BMI) was found. A model using Hsp90α, BMI, HbA1c, and ALT was established for predicting MAFLD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves was 0.94 (95% CI 0.909–0.971, p = 0.000). The sensitivity was 84.1%, and the specificity was 93.1%. In vitro experiments, GGA induced Hsp90α in steatosis cells. In the mice model, Hsp90α decreased in the GGA treatment group. Hepatic steatosis, inflammation, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance were improved in the GGA-treated group. Serum Hsp90α was positively correlated with steatohepatitis activity according to hepatic histopathology.ConclusionsSerum Hsp90α was elevated in MAFLD, and a positive correlation between serum Hsp90α and the grade of activity of steatohepatitis was observed. The model using BMI, HbA1c, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) had a good value to predict MAFLD. The findings also revealed the effectiveness of GGA in the treatment of MAFLD.

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