Effects of the Inhaled Treatment of Liriope Radix on an Asthmatic Mouse Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (03) ◽  
pp. 425-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki-Suk Kim ◽  
Dong-Hyuk Cho ◽  
Hea Jung Yang ◽  
Eun-Kyeong Choi ◽  
Min Hee Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Airway Obstructions ◽  
Liriope Platyphylla ◽  
Spicatoside A ◽  
Airway Hypersensitivity

As a treatment for allergic asthma, inhaled treatments such as bronchodilators that contain β2-agonists have an immediate effect, which attenuates airway obstructions and decreases airway hypersensitivity. However, bronchodilators only perform on a one off basis, but not consistently. Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways accompanying the overproduction of mucus, airway wall remodeling, bronchial hyperreactivity and airway obstruction. Liriope platyphylla radix extract (LPP), a traditional Korean medicine, has been thoroughly studied and found to be an effective anti-inflammatory medicine. Here, we demonstrate that an inhaled treatment of LPP can attenuate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in an ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mouse model, compared to the saline-treated group (p < 0.01). Moreover, LPP decreases inflammatory cytokine levels, such as eotaxin (p < 0.05), IL-5 (p < 0.05), IL-13 (p < 0.001), RANTES (p < 0.01), and TNF-α (p < 0.05) in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid of asthmatic mice. A histopathological study was carried out to determine the effects of LPP inhalation on mice lung tissue. We performed UPLC/ESI-QTOF-MS, LC/MS, and GC/MS analyses to analyze the chemical constituents of LPP, finding that these are ophiopogonin D, spicatoside A, spicatoside B, benzyl alcohol, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. This study demonstrates the effect of an inhaled LPP treatment both on airway AHR and on the inflammatory response in an asthmatic mouse model. Hence, LPP holds significant promise as a nasal inhalant for the treatment of asthmatic airway disease.

scholarly journals A Herbal Concoction of Cinnamomum cassia and Artemisa annua Extracts Ameliorates Allergic Rhinitis in OVA-Induced Balb/C Mice by Inhibiting Th2 Signaling

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 340
Author(s):  
Chuhyun Bae ◽  
Jisoo Kim ◽  
Soodong Park ◽  
Jaejung Shim ◽  
Junglyoul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Respiratory Epithelium ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
Inflammatory Airway Disease ◽  
Artemisa Annua

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory airway disease (IAD) that is characterized by itching, nasal obstruction, and sneezing. AR is induced by Th-2 inflammatory responses such as those mediated by IgE and IL-4. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effects of an herbal concoction, which is a combination of Cinnamomum cassia and Artemisa annua extracts (CIAR) against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in a Balb/C mouse model. The effect of CIAR on the Th-2 mediated inflammatory response in the AR mouse model was studied by analyzing blood or nasal fluid samples. Experimental results revealed that OVA inhalation increased IgE, IL-4, IL-33, and TSLP levels, leading to Th2-type cytokine response. CIAR was found to significantly reduce the Th-2 response and levels of cytokines, including IL-4, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP). CIAR also down-regulated eosinophil (EOS) and basophil (BASO) levels in the blood. Histological analyses demonstrated decreased OVA-induced thickness of the respiratory epithelium in the CIAR-treated group. Collectively, our results suggest that the herbal concoction CIAR can effectively ameliorate the development of allergic rhinitis through the inhibition of Th-2 mediated responses.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the antitumor effects of PP242 in a colon cancer xenograft mouse model using comprehensive metabolomics and lipidomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mamunur Rashid ◽  
Hyunbeom Lee ◽  
Byung Hwa Jung
Keyword(s):  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Xenograft Mouse Model ◽  
Metabolic Mechanism ◽  
Comprehensive Metabolomics

Abstract PP242, an inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), displays potent anticancer effects against various cancer types. However, the underlying metabolic mechanism associated with the PP242 effects is not clearly understood. In this study, comprehensive metabolomics and lipidomics investigations were performed using ultra-high-performance chromatography-Orbitrap-mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS) in plasma and tumor tissue to reveal the metabolic mechanism of PP242 in an LS174T cell-induced colon cancer xenograft mouse model. After 3 weeks of PP242 treatment, a reduction in tumor size and weight was observed without any critical toxicities. According to results, metabolic changes due to the effects of PP242 were not significant in plasma. In contrast, metabolic changes in tumor tissues were very significant in the PP242-treated group compared to the xenograft control (XC) group, and revealed that energy and lipid metabolism were mainly altered by PP242 treatment like other cancer inhibitors. Additionally, in this study, it was discovered that not only TCA cycle but also fatty acid β-oxidation (β-FAO) for energy metabolism was inhibited and clear reduction in glycerophospholipid was observed. This study reveals new insights into the underlying anticancer mechanism of the dual mTOR inhibitor PP242, and could help further to facilitate the understanding of PP242 effects in the clinical application.

scholarly journals Effect of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture on Inflammation in Mouse Model of Induced Atopic Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Kyeong Ju Park ◽  
Ho-Sueb Song
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Bee Venom ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Griess Reaction ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Dose Dependent Decrease ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Background: This study was designed using a mouse model of atopic dermatitis [phthalic anhydride (PA)-treated mice], to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of bee venom pharmacopuncture (BVP) in keratinocytes.Methods: Western blot analysis was performed to investigate inflammation related protein expression of iNOS, COX-2, phospho-ERK (p-ERK), and ERK, in LPS (1 μg/mL)-activated keratinocytes, following BVP treatment, and in PA-treated mice, after BVP treatment. Griess reaction was performed to investigate NO concentration. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to determine the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-4+, IL-17A+, IL-13 and IL-4 in PA-treated mice after BVP treatment. In addition, monocyte, macrophage, neutrophil, and eosinophil counts were measured to observe the changes in white blood cell infiltration.Results: The keratinocytes of the BVP-treated group showed a decreased expression of iNOS, COX-2, ERK at 5 OX-2, ERK E, and p-ERK at 1, 2 and 5 RKRK ERK ERK, and a dose-dependent decrease in NO concentration at 2 and 5 ntrationof s. In the BVP-treated groups (0.1 μ.1-trea μ.1-treated gr), PA-treated mice showed recovery after 4 weeks which was dose-dependent, showing a significant decrease in clinical scores for AD, and a decreased concentration of IL-13 and IL-4 with BV treatment. There was a dose-dependent decrease in the infiltration of eosinophils, neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and a decreased thickness of the epidermis due to inflammation, and decreased expressions of iNOS, COX-2, p-ERK, ERK, especially in the 0.1 μ0/mL BVP-treated group,<br>Conclusion: These results suggest that BVP may be an effective alternative treatment for atopic dermatitis.

Optimization of pressurized liquid extraction for spicatoside A in Liriope platyphylla

2010 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hyun Kim ◽  
Ho Kyung Kim ◽  
Eun Sun Yang ◽  
Ki Yong Lee ◽  
Sang Du Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Pressurized Liquid Extraction ◽  
Liriope Platyphylla ◽  
Spicatoside A

Vitamin D3 deficiency enhances allergen-induced lymphocyte responses in a mouse model of allergic airway disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Gorman ◽  
Daryl H. W. Tan ◽  
Misty J. M. Lambert ◽  
Naomi M. Scott ◽  
Melinda A. Judge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Allergic Airway Disease ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses ◽  
Vitamin D3 Deficiency

scholarly journals Laxative Effect of Spicatoside A by Cholinergic Regulation of Enteric Nerve in Loperamide-Induced Constipation: ICR Mice Model

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Kim ◽  
Ji Park ◽  
Mi Kang ◽  
Hyeon Choi ◽  
Su Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Constipation ◽  
Water Channel ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Cholinergic Regulation ◽  
Spicatoside A ◽  
Vehicle Treated Group

Researches on spicatoside A (SpiA)-containing natural products suggest the possibility of SpiA as a potential laxative to alleviate chronic constipation. However, no studies have been conducted with single compound administration of SpiA. To verify the laxative effects and mechanism of action of SpiA on chronic constipation, we investigated alterations in the excretion parameters, histological structure, and cholinergic regulation of the enteric nerve in the colons of Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice with loperamide (Lop)-induced constipation after exposure to 20 mg/kg of SpiA. Decrease in the number, weight and water contents of stools in the Lop+Vehicle treated group significantly recovered after SpiA treatment, and alterations in the histological structure and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images were improved in the Lop+SpiA treated group. Similar recovery effects were observed in the ability for mucin secretion and expression of the membrane water channel gene (aquaporin 8, AQP8). Furthermore, significant improvements were observed in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine receptors’ (AChRs) downstream signaling pathway after treatment of SpiA. The levels of gastrointestinal (GI) hormones including cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin were also remarkably enhanced in the Lop+SpiA treated group as compared to the Lop+Vehicle treated group. The expression of receptor tyrosine kinase (C-kit) and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) in Cajal and neural cells, as well as the phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) in smooth muscle cells, were recovered after SpiA exposure. Taken together, the results of the present study provide the first strong evidence that SpiA improves chronic constipation through muscarinic cholinergic regulation of the enteric nerve in a Lop-induced constipation ICR mice model.

scholarly journals HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF OXALIS DEBILIS KUNTH AGAINST CCL4 - INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Rojini Athokpam ◽  
Meenakshi Bawari ◽  
Manabendra Dutta Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ccl4 Intoxication ◽  
Pre Treatment

  Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of aqueous extract of Oxalis debilis Kunth in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino mice.Methods: Hepatotoxicity was induced by CCl4 30% in olive oil (1 ml/kg intraperitoneally). Mice were treated with aqueous extract of O. debilis at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight orally for 14 days. There were two groups, pre-treatment (once daily for 14 days before CCl4 intoxication) and post-treatment (2, 6, 24, and 48 hrs after CCl4 intoxication). The observed effects were compared with a known hepatoprotective agent, silymarin.Results: Pre-treatment and post-treatment groups of aqueous extract of O. debilis significantly reduced elevated serum levels of serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin and increased the level of total protein as compared to CCl4-treated group. The histopathological study also confirms the hepatoprotection. Preliminary qualitative phytochemical analysis of the plant revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, and saponins.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that O. debilis can be used as safe, cheap, and alternative preventive and protective drugs against liver injury. The protective effect observed could be attributed to the presence of various phytochemicals which are responsible for the restoration of liver damage.

scholarly journals Phloretin alleviates dinitrochlorobenzene-induced dermatitis in BALB/c mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 205873842092944
Author(s):  
Chieh-Shan Wu ◽  
Shih-Chao Lin ◽  
Shiming Li ◽  
Yu-Chih Chiang ◽  
Nicole Bracci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Allergic Contact

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin that substantially affects a patient’s quality of life. While steroids are the most common therapy used to temporally alleviate the symptoms of AD, effective and nontoxic alternatives are urgently needed. In this study, we utilized a natural, plant-derived phenolic compound, phloretin, to treat allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) on the dorsal skin of mice. In addition, the effectiveness of phloretin was evaluated using a mouse model of ACD triggered by 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). In our experimental setting, phloretin was orally administered to BALB/c mice for 21 consecutive days, and then, the lesions were examined histologically. Our data revealed that phloretin reduced the process of epidermal thickening and decreased the infiltration of mast cells into the lesion regions, subsequently reducing the levels of histamine and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-4, thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and IL-17A in the serum. These changes were associated with lower serum levels after phloretin treatment. In addition, we observed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-κB pathways in the dermal tissues of the phloretin-treated rodents were suppressed compared to those in the AD-like skin regions. Furthermore, phloretin appeared to limit the overproliferation of splenocytes in response to DNCB stimulation, reducing the number of IFN-γ-, IL-4-, and IL-17A-producing CD4+ T cells in the spleen back to their normal ranges. Taken together, we discovered a new therapeutic role of phloretin using a mouse model of DNCB-induced ACD, as shown by the alleviated AD-like symptoms and the reversed immunopathological effects. Therefore, we believe that phloretin has the potential to be utilized as an alternative therapeutic agent for treating AD.

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