scholarly journals The Intra-Class and Inter-Class Relationships in Style Transfer

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Cui ◽  
Meng Qi ◽  
Yi Niu ◽  
Bingxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Perceptual Quality ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Style Transfer ◽  
Gram Matrices ◽  
Lower Complexity

Neural style transfer, which has attracted great attention in both academic research and industrial engineering and demonstrated very exciting and remarkable results, is the technique of migrating the semantic content of one image to different artistic styles by using convolutional neural network (CNN). Recently, the Gram matrices used in the original and follow-up studies for style transfer were theoretically shown to be equivalent to minimizing a specific Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD). Since the Gram matrices are not a must for style transfer, how to design the proper process for aligning the neural activation between images to perform style transfer is an important problem. After careful analysis of some different algorithms for style loss construction, we discovered that some algorithms consider the relationships between different feature maps of a layer obtained from the CNN (inter-class relationships), while some do not (intra-class relationships). Surprisingly, the latter often show more details and finer strokes in the results. To further support our standpoint, we propose two new methods to perform style transfer: one takes inter-class relationships into account and the other does not, and conduct comparative experiments with existing methods. The experimental results verified our observation. Our proposed methods can achieve comparable perceptual quality yet with a lower complexity. We believe that our interpretation provides an effective design basis for designing style loss function for style transfer methods with different visual effects.

scholarly journals Demystifying Neural Style Transfer

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanghao Li ◽  
Naiyan Wang ◽  
Jiaying Liu ◽  
Xiaodi Hou
Keyword(s):  
Domain Adaptation ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Polynomial Kernel ◽  
Important Research ◽  
Feature Maps ◽  
Style Transfer ◽  
Maximum Mean Discrepancy ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Gram Matrices ◽  
Order Polynomial

Neural Style Transfer has recently demonstrated very exciting results which catches eyes in both academia and industry. Despite the amazing results, the principle of neural style transfer, especially why the Gram matrices could represent style remains unclear. In this paper, we propose a novel interpretation of neural style transfer by treating it as a domain adaptation problem. Specifically, we theoretically show that matching the Gram matrices of feature maps is equivalent to minimize the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) with the second order polynomial kernel. Thus, we argue that the essence of neural style transfer is to match the feature distributions between the style images and the generated images. To further support our standpoint, we experiment with several other distribution alignment methods, and achieve appealing results. We believe this novel interpretation connects these two important research fields, and could enlighten future researches.

scholarly journals Osteochondroma of the pubic symphysis causing hematuria: a case report and literature review

BMC Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-cheng Song ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Zhi-jun Li ◽  
Ya Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Bladder Tumour ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Pubic Symphysis ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Bone Neoplasm ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Case Presentation

Abstract Background Osteochondroma is the most common benign bone neoplasm and is sometimes referred to as osteocartilaginous exostosis. The symptoms caused by osteochondroma are rare, especially the urogenital complications. Therefore, this tumour is sometimes misdiagnosed. Case presentation This report described a 70-year-old woman with hematuria who was initially misdiagnosed with a bladder tumour in the outpatient department by a urologist. However, during cystoscopy, we found that the mass did not resemble a bladder tumor. Multidisciplinary approach with careful analysis of the imaging data suggested the diagnosis of osteochondroma. Open surgical excision of the mass was done and histology confirmed the diagnosis of benign osteochondroma. After 6 months of follow-up, the patient was still asymptomatic. Conclusions This case illustrates that hematuria is caused by not only urogenital disease but also osteochondroma. We present this case to draw the attention of clinicians to osteochondroma of the pubic symphysis.

scholarly journals Establishment of a New Platform for the Management of Patients After Cardiac Surgery: Descriptive Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihui Zhu ◽  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
Yuehuan Li ◽  
Xu Meng ◽  
Yuqing Jiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Mobile Network ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Echocardiographic Images

BACKGROUND Medical care for the Chinese population has been focused on first-line treatment, but with little follow-up on treated patients. As an important part of clinical work, follow-up evaluations are of great significance for the long-term survival of patients and for clinical and scientific research. However, the overall follow-up rate of discharged patients after surgery has been low for many years because of the limitations of certain follow-up methods and the presence of objective, practical problems. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to construct a new two-way interactive telemedicine follow-up platform to improve the collection of clinical data after cardiac surgery and provide reliable and high-quality follow-up services. METHODS Computer and network technologies were employed in the context of “Internet +” to develop follow-up databases and software compatible with a mobile network. Postoperative follow-up quality data including the follow-up rate and important postoperative indices were used as standards to evaluate the new follow-up management model after cardiac surgery. RESULTS This system has been officially operated for more than 5 years. A total of 5347 patients undergoing cardiac surgery have been enrolled, and the total follow-up rate was 90.22%. In addition, 6349 echocardiographic images, 4717 electrocardiographic images, and 3504 chest radiographic images have been uploaded during follow-up assessments. The international standardized ratio was 20,696 person-times. CONCLUSIONS This new management follow-up platform can be used to effectively collect clinical data, provide technical support for academic research, extend medical services, and provide more help to patients. It is of great significance for managing patients after cardiac surgery.

E-Learning

2015 ◽  
pp. 1545-1560
Author(s):  
Marie de Beer ◽  
Roger B. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Course Material ◽  
Main Intervention

This paper investigates a method for increasing the involvement of marketing fourth year learners in academic research, by encouraging greater participation in, and commitment to, their research project in the Applied Marketing IV subject. It is assumed that greater involvement will result in a greater pass rate. The main reasons for this lack of interest were found to be a sense of incompetence and a lack of resources which were the main objectives of a research project. These objectives were addressed by using learner centered methodologies with the research method Action Research. This research method with the slow resolution of problems was used together with a teaching methodology whose objectives supported the resolution of the learners' inadequacies. Formative assessment was used at the start of the measuring of the learners' progress and was found useful with its quick and positive feedback in supporting the learners' confidence. An eClassroom was structured for the implementation of the Applied Marketing IV course. It was designed in such a way that it facilitated the learners' use of the more commonly used devices such as surfing the web, email and Internet over and above the chosen course material. Although it was not possible to complete the main intervention of the project it was possible to use the participants' experiences in the navigation of the course material in the eClassroom, to further develop future follow-up courses.

scholarly journals Double transcatheter balloon-expandable valve implantation for severe valve dysfunction in high-risk patients: initial experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-466
Author(s):  
João Bosco Breckenfeld Bastos Filho ◽  
Roney Orismar Sampaio ◽  
Felipe Reale Cividanes ◽  
Vitor Emer Egypto Rosa ◽  
Leonardo Paim Nicolau da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Research ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Heart Valve Disease ◽  
Initial Experience ◽  
Valve Dysfunction ◽  
Nyha Functional Class ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
Mitral Bioprosthesis

Abstract OBJECTIVES Concomitant valvular heart valve disease is a frequent finding, with higher morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing redo surgical procedures. Our goal was to report our initial experience with combined transcatheter Inovare bioprosthesis implants for severe valve dysfunction. METHODS Among 300 transcatheter procedures, a total of 6 patients had concurrent simultaneous transcatheter bioprosthesis implants for severe mitral bioprosthesis failure (valve-in-valve), with a second valve procedure that included native aortic (n = 2) or degenerated bioprostheses in the aortic position (n = 4). During the procedures, all patients were treated with a balloon-expandable Inovare transcatheter valve, using the transapical approach. RESULTS Patients were highly symptomatic [New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class IV: 100%], with a mean age of 62 ± 5 years, yielding a mean European System for Cardiac Operative Risk II (EuroSCORE II) of 24.0 ± 10.1%. There was a mean of 1.6 ± 0.4 prior valve operations/patient, with a median time from prior mitral bioprosthesis surgery of 13.0 (9.2–20.0) years. Device success was 100% according to the Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium and the Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria. During the hospital stay, only 1 patient required dialysis, and the median intensive care unit and hospital lengths of stay were 5.0 (3.2–6.7) days and 16.0 (12.2–21.2) days, respectively. No deaths occurred at 30 days; at a median follow-up of 287 (194–437) days, 1 patient died of a non-cardiac cause and the rest of patients were in NYHA functional class I or II, with normofunctioning bioprostheses. CONCLUSIONS Transcatheter double valve interventions using the Inovare bioprosthesis in this initial series were shown to be a reasonable alternative to redo surgical operations. The short- and mid-term clinical and echocardiographic outcomes demonstrate promising results, although future studies with a larger number of patients and longer follow-up are warranted.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE AVAILABILITY OF MEDICAL CARE AMONG ONCOLOGICAL PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
pp. 1542-1551
Author(s):  
Klaudia Ewa Kościelecka ◽  
Aleksandra Joanna Kuć ◽  
Daria Małgorzata Kubik ◽  
Tomasz Męcik-Kronenberg ◽  
Dariusz Ceglarz
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Oncological Patients ◽  
Polish Society ◽  
Oncology Treatment ◽  
Oncology Care ◽  
The Impact

The aim: Cancer is the second most common cause of death in Polish society. The healthcare system, already overwhelmed in many countries, has been further burdened by the outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The healthcare system has become inefficient, especially in the oncology care sector. Surgeries, scheduled treatments, and follow-up appointments in some hospitals have been canceled or rescheduled to the “next available date after the end of the pandemic”. This research aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the availability of medical care among oncological patients and compare them with the results of studies on the effects of postponement of oncology treatment. Materials and methods: The study included a group of 544 respondents from all over Poland. The research tool was a self-administered survey questionnaire. Results: 37%, of those undergoing systemic treatment, experienced postponement of their treatment, and in the case of radiotherapy, it was 35%. Visits to the clinical oncologist/radiotherapist specialist were postponed in 51% of respondents. Imaging studies were delayed in 41.7% of respondents. Conclusions: The course of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the health care system and, therefore, also on the availability of medical care among oncologicalpatients. The results signal an emerging problem. These visit shifts may negatively affect the outcome of cancer treatment. The potential risk of COVID-19 infection should beindividually balanced against cancer treatment delay in each patient. The ongoing pandemic, therefore, prompts a careful analysis of the effects of deferring cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Risk Management Lessons From The Financial Crisis: A Textual Analysis of The Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission's Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-97
Author(s):  
Corey Fox
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
States Government ◽  
To Receive

There have been several retrospective analyses of the financial crisis. An areathat continues to receive attention is the failure of risk management in financial firmsat the heart of the crisis. After the crisis, the United States Government convenedthe Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission to explore causes of the crisis. Theirconclusions have gone largely unexplored, especially in academic research. In thisstudy, I first examine the commission’s report on the crisis identifying several reappearingthemes. An exploratory follow-up analysis looking at financial and nonfinancialfirms suggests non-financial firms have areas to improve upon compared totheir financial counterparts.

scholarly journals Bleeding Risk Profile in Patients on Oral Anticoagulation Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Interventions: A Prospective 24 Months Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Schukraft ◽  
Tibor Huwyler ◽  
Cindy Ottiger-Mankaka ◽  
Sonja Lehmann ◽  
Ezia Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Oral Anticoagulation ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Risk Of Bleeding ◽  
Percutaneous Coronary ◽  
High Bleeding Risk

Background: The Academic Research Consortium has identified a set of major and minor risk factors in order to standardize the definition of a high bleeding risk (ACR-HBR). Oral anticoagulation is a major criterion frequently observed.Aims: The objective of this study is to quantify the risk of bleeding in patients on oral anticoagulation with at least one additional major ACR-HBR criteria in the Cardio-Fribourg Registry.Methods: Between 2015 and 2017, consecutive patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention were prospectively included in the Cardio-Fribourg registry. The study population included patients with ongoing long-term oral anticoagulation (OAC) and planned to receive triple antithrombotic therapy. Patients were divided in two groups: patients on OAC with at least one additional major ACR-HBR criteria vs. patients on OAC without additional major ACR-HBR criteria. The primary endpoint was any bleeding during the 24-month follow-up. Secondary bleeding endpoint was defined as Bleeding Academic Research Classification (BARC) ≥3.Results: Follow-up was completed in 142 patients at high bleeding risk on OAC, of which 33 (23%) had at least one additional major ACR-HBR criteria. The rate of the primary endpoint was 55% in patients on OAC with at least one additional ACR-HBR criteria compared with 14% in patients on OAC without additional ACR-HBR criteria (hazard ratio, 3.88; 95%CI, 1.85–8.14; p < 0.01). Patients with additional major ACR-HBR criteria also experienced significantly higher rates of BARC ≥ 3 bleedings (39% at 24 months).Conclusion: The presence of at least one additional ACR-HBR criterion identifies patients on OAC who are at very high risk of bleeding after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Pedophilic Episodes in Middle Age and Senescence: An Intergenerational Encounter

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cormier Bruno ◽  
Renée Fugère ◽  
Ingrid Thompson-Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Psychiatry ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Emotional Context ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

The study of pedophilic episodes in later life shows how acting out in a particular emotional context can help the offender to reorganize his life. After reviewing 36 cases referred to the McGill Clinic in Forensic Psychiatry between 1980–1989, a previous history of offender victimization was found in 12 cases. Careful analysis of all the cases showed reactivation of conflict in their family of procreation in 34 cases. Various psychodynamic hypotheses are suggested through the longitudinal history of the perpetrator and the nature of the relationship between victim and perpetrator. Analysis of a longitudinal follow-up in 26 cases suggests that through various mechanisms of organization, disorganization and reorganization, the pedophilic episode represented an opportunity for these middle-aged and senescent pedophiles to resolve some issues underlying their pedophilic interests, leading to a higher level of maturity, thereby preventing relapse of pedophilic episodes.

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