scholarly journals Hydrogeochemical Modeling to Identify Potential Risks of Underground Hydrogen Storage in Depleted Gas Fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Hemme ◽  
Wolfgang van Berk
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Redox Equilibrium ◽  
Hydrogeochemical Modeling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mass Transport Model ◽  
Cap Rock ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Underground Hydrogen Storage

Underground hydrogen storage is a potential way to balance seasonal fluctuations in energy production from renewable energies. The risks of hydrogen storage in depleted gas fields include the conversion of hydrogen to CH4(g) and H2S(g) due to microbial activity, gas–water–rock interactions in the reservoir and cap rock, which are connected with porosity changes, and the loss of aqueous hydrogen by diffusion through the cap rock brine. These risks lead to loss of hydrogen and thus to a loss of energy. A hydrogeochemical modeling approach is developed to analyze these risks and to understand the basic hydrogeochemical mechanisms of hydrogen storage over storage times at the reservoir scale. The one-dimensional diffusive mass transport model is based on equilibrium reactions for gas–water–rock interactions and kinetic reactions for sulfate reduction and methanogenesis. The modeling code is PHREEQC (pH-REdox-EQuilibrium written in the C programming language). The parameters that influence the hydrogen loss are identified. Crucial parameters are the amount of available electron acceptors, the storage time, and the kinetic rate constants. Hydrogen storage causes a slight decrease in porosity of the reservoir rock. Loss of aqueous hydrogen by diffusion is minimal. A wide range of conditions for optimized hydrogen storage in depleted gas fields is identified.

Impact of hydrogen solubility on depleted gas field's caprock: an application for underground hydrogen storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Mohammad Bahar ◽  
Reza Rezaee
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Threshold Pressure ◽  
Gas Field ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Underground Hydrogen Storage

Depleted gas fields are considered a low-risk location for underground hydrogen storage purposes to balance seasonal fluctuations in hydrogen supply and demand. The objective of this study was to identify any significant risk of hydrogen leakages stored in depleted gas fields. The capability of the storage area in terms of sealing efficiency varies with parameters such as rate of diffusion, solubility, thickness and capillary threshold pressure of the caprock. The most common caprock are shales, which contain organic material. The solubility of hydrogen into organic material could change the petrophysical properties of the rock, such as porosity and permeability. Any changes in these petrophysical characteristics can reduce the capillary threshold pressure thus reducing the caprock efficiency for the safe storage of hydrogen. There is about 20% of the remaining gas volume in the depleted gas field, which helps to prevent brine from entering the production streamlines and maintain reservoir pressure. The characteristic data of hydrogen at different high pressures and temperatures have been evaluated and imported into the simple finite element model using the Python programming language. Most of the parameters that influence reducing the strength of the caprock are identified. Crucial parameters are the rate of diffusion, the solubility of hydrogen in kerogen, geomechanical deformation, threshold capillary pressure, long period of injection and withdrawing of hydrogen. The model shows that the native gas production with hydrogen is low due to significant density variation and mobility ratio between methane and hydrogen. Finally, a wide range of parameters and reservoir conditions has been considered for minimising the potential risks of possible leakages.

scholarly journals Modelling both the continual erosion and regeneration of discolouration material in drinking water distribution systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Furnass ◽  
R. P. Collins ◽  
P. S. Husband ◽  
R. L. Sharpe ◽  
S. R. Mounce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution Systems ◽  
Proactive Management ◽  
Drinking Water Distribution ◽  
Mass Transport Model

The erosion of the cohesive layers of particulate matter that causes discolouration in water distribution system mains has previously been modelled using the Prediction of Discolouration in Distribution Systems (PODDS) model. When first proposed, PODDS featured an unvalidated means by which material regeneration on pipe walls could be simulated. Field and laboratory studies of material regeneration have yielded data that suggest that the PODDS formulations incorrectly model these processes. A new model is proposed to overcome this shortcoming. It tracks the relative amount of discolouration material that is bound to the pipe wall over time at each of a number of shear strengths. The model formulations and a mass transport model have been encoded as software, which has been used to verify the model's constructs and undertake sensitivity analyses. The new formulations for regeneration are conceptually consistent with field and laboratory observed data and have potential value in the proactive management of water distribution systems, such as evaluating change in discolouration risk and planning timely interventions.

Sulfuric acid vapor and sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere of Venus as observed by the Venus Express Radio Science Experiment VeRa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Oschlisniok ◽  
Bernd Häusler ◽  
Martin Pätzold ◽  
Silvia Tellmann ◽  
Michael Bird
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Local Times ◽  
Acid Vapor ◽  
Radio Science ◽  
X Band ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Venus Express ◽  
Atmosphere Of Venus

<p>The main cloud deck within Venus' atmosphere, which covers the entire planet between approx. 50 and 70 km altitude, is believed to consist mostly of liquid sulfuric acid. The temperature below the main clouds is high enough to evaporate the H2SO4 droplets into gaseous sulfuric acid forming a haze layer which extends to altitudes as deep as 35 km. Gaseous sulfuric acid in Venus’ lower atmosphere is responsible for a strong absorption of radio waves as seen in Mariner, Pioneer Venus, Magellan and Venera radio science observations. Radio wave absorption measurements can be used to derive the amount of H2SO4 in Venus’ atmosphere. The radio science experiment VeRa onboard Venus Express probed the atmosphere of Venus between 2006 and 2014 with radio signals at 13 cm (S-band) and 3.6 cm (X-band) wavelengths. The orbit of the Venus Express spacecraft allowed to sound the atmosphere over a wide range of latitudes and local times providing a global picture of the sulfuric acid vapor distribution. We present the global H2SO4(g) distribution derived from the X-band radio signal attenuation for the time of the entire Venus Express mission. The observation is compared with results obtained from a 2-D transport model. The VeRa observations were additionally used to estimate the abundance of SO2 near the cloud bottom. The global distribution of SO2 at these altitudes is presented and compared with results obtained from other experiments. Eight years of VEX observation allow to study the long-term evolution of H2SO4 and SO2. The latter is presented for the northern polar region.</p>

Morphology-dependent mass transport model for mechanoelectrochemistry of polypyrrole

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 015001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijay Venkatesh ◽  
Noriko Katsube ◽  
Vishnu Baba Sundaresan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Mass Transport Model ◽  
Dependent Mass

Relevance and costs of large scale underground hydrogen storage in France

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (36) ◽  
pp. 22987-23003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Le Duigou ◽  
Anne-Gaëlle Bader ◽  
Jean-Christophe Lanoix ◽  
Lionel Nadau
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Underground Hydrogen Storage

scholarly journals Experimental and modeling geochemical study of sandstones in the Pannonian Basin (Central Europe) for potential underground hydrogen storage

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orsolya Gelencsér ◽  
Zsuzsanna Szabó-Krausz ◽  
László Mika ◽  
Daniel Breitner ◽  
Tibor Németh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Pannonian Basin ◽  
Geochemical Study ◽  
Underground Hydrogen Storage

scholarly journals Temperature-Driven Hydrocarbon Generation-Expulsion and Structural Transformation of Organic-Rich Shale Assessed by in situ Heating SEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Jijin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
Reservoir Rock ◽  
Continuous Heating ◽  
Hydrocarbon Generation ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Cap Rock ◽  
Hydrocarbon Expulsion ◽  
The Relationship

Mud shale can serve as source or cap rock but also as a reservoir rock, and so the development of pores or cracks in shale has become of great interest in recent years. However, prior work using non-identical samples, varying fields of view and non-continuous heating processes has produced varying data. The unique hydrocarbon generation and expulsion characteristics of shale as a source rock and the relationship with the evolution of pores or cracks in the reservoir are thus not well understood. The present work attempted to monitor detailed structural changes during the continuous heating of shale and to establish possible relationships with hydrocarbon generation and expulsion by heating immature shale samples while performing in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging and monitoring the chamber vacuum. Samples were heated at 20°C/min from ambient to 700°C with 30 min holds at 100°C intervals during which SEM images were acquired. The SEM chamber vacuum was found to change during sample heating as a consequence of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion. Two episodic hydrocarbon expulsion stages were observed, at 300 and 500°C. As the temperature was increased from ambient to 700°C, samples exhibited consecutive shrinkage, expansion and shrinkage, and the amount of structural change in the vertical bedding direction was greater than that in the bedding direction. At the same time, the opening, closing and subsequent reopening of microcracks was observed. Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion led to the expansion of existing fractures and the opening of new cracks to produce an effective fracture network allowing fluid migration. The combination of high-resolution SEM and a high-temperature heating stage allowed correlation between the evolution of pores or cracks and hydrocarbon generation and expulsion to be examined.

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