scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of Large Scale Production of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles via Coprecipitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffy J. Arteaga-Díaz ◽  
Samir I. Meramo-Hurtado ◽  
Jeffrey León-Pulido ◽  
Antonio Zuorro ◽  
Angel D. González-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4 ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Negative Impacts

Nanoparticles are materials with special properties that can be applied in different fields, such as medicine, engineering, food industry and cosmetics. The contributions regarding the synthesis of different types of nanoparticles have allowed researchers to determine a special group of nanoparticles with key characteristics for several applications. Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) have attracted a significant amount of attention due to their ability to improve the properties of polymeric materials. For this reason, the development of novel/emerging large scale processes for the synthesis of nanomaterials is a great and important challenge. In this work, an environmental assessment of the large scale production of magnetite via coprecipitation was carried out with the aim to evaluate its potential impact on the environment at a processing capacity of 806.87 t/year of magnetite nanoparticles. The assessment was performed using a computer-aided tool based on the Waste Reduction Algorithm (WAR). This method allows us to quantify the impacts generated and classify them into eight different categories. The process does not generate any negative impacts that could harm the environment. This assessment allowed us to identify the applicability of the large scale production of magnetite nanoparticles from an environmental viewpoint.

scholarly journals Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Osei Darkwah ◽  
Meilina Ong-Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Sustainability Strategies ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Agriculture Sustainability ◽  
Negative Impacts

The oil palm (Elaies guineensis Jacq) is the largest produced and highly traded vegetable oil globally yet has the lowest cost of production and significantly higher productivity compared to other oil crops. The crop has the potential of alleviating poverty for smallholders and lifting the economies of countries with large scale production notably, Malaysia and Indonesia and currently on high demand for use as biofuel feedstock. Irrespective of these advantages of the oil palm, there is a global concern on the devastating impact of the crop on the environment and ecosystem during plantation developments and expansions. Deforestation, biodiversity loss, water and air pollution and toxic compounds from palm oil mill effluents (POME) are some of the negative impacts of the oil palm. For the industry to be more beneficial and impactful globally, sustainability strategies becomes urgent need. Sustainability strategies such as increasing the yield of oil palm, precision agriculture, sustainability certification, support for smallholders and circular economy have been put across to curtail the negative impacts of oil palm expansion.

Semiconducting and Metallic Polymers: The Fourth Generation of Polymeric Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 900-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan J. Heeger
Keyword(s):  
Nobel Prize ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Polymer Science ◽  
Major Event ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Dupont Company ◽  
Ziegler Natta Catalysts

Prior to receiving the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 2000 for my work in polymers, polymer science had been recognized three times. The first Nobel Prize in chemistry for polymer science was awarded in 1953 to Hermann Staudinger, for his pioneering work in the 1920s. At that time, the concept of macromolecules was new, and his ideas were controversial. However, the data prevailed, and he was awarded the Prize “for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry.” The next major event in polymer science was the discovery and invention of nylon by Wallace Carothers at the Dupont Company in 1935. Although Carothers died as a young man, his discoveries created an industry. I have little doubt that his work was deserving of a Nobel Prize and probably would have been awarded. The next related Prize went to Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta in 1963 for their work on polymer synthesis in the 1950s. The Ziegler–Natta catalysts made possible the large-scale production of polymers such as polypropylene. They were awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry “for their discoveries in the field of chemistry and technology of high polymers.” In 1974, the Prize for chemistry went to Paul J. Flory, who was a giant in this field. He was awarded the Nobel “for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules.”

Progress in Polymerization Theory of Interest in Synthetic Rubber Production

1949 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-401
Author(s):  
L. B. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Patent Literature

Abstract During the last few years considerable advances have been made in the theory of polymerization processes, and these have a direct bearing on the manufacture of synthetic rubbers and plastics and the properties of the various products of this type that are now handled by the rubber industry. The most important industrial process involves emulsion polymerization. This is used in the production of types, such as GR-S, Perbunan, and Neoprene, and also in the production of polyvinyl chloride. World production of these emulsion polymeric materials is in the region of hundreds of thousands of tons per annum, and the process is probably one of the more important chemical manufactures developed in the last decade. No large manufacture of synthetic rubber has been developed in Great Britain, mainly because of war-time exigencies and economic considerations, and the only significant contribution made by British chemical industry to alleviate the war-time scarcity of natural rubber was to develop a large-scale production of polyvinyl chloride to satisfy the requirements of the cable trade. There has, however, been some research activity on synthetic rubber in this country since 1935 in the laboratories of the Dyestuffs Division of Imperial Chemical Industries, Ltd. Activity in the main was concentrated on the diene emulsion interpolymer types and a large number of second components were examined for interpolymerization with both butadiene and chloroprene. Comparatively few interpolymerize to give rubbers with reasonably good vulcanizate properties. These have been disclosed in the patent literature. Parallel work was being carried out in the laboratories of I. G. Farbenindustrie and later in America, and the results of much of this have now appeared in the technical literature and in the accounts that are now available on German war-time activities. The general conclusions were similar.

scholarly journals Environmental and Exergetic Analysis of Large-Scale Production of Citric Acid-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles via Computer-Aided Process Engineering Tools

ACS Omega ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 3644-3658
Author(s):  
David Alfonso Patiño-Ruiz ◽  
Samir Isaac Meramo-Hurtado ◽  
Mehrab Mehrvar ◽  
Lars Rehmann ◽  
Edgar Quiñones-Bolaños ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Process Engineering ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Exergetic Analysis

scholarly journals Lignin linked to slow biodegradability of urea-crosslinked starch in an anaerobic soil environment

e-Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-483
Author(s):  
Zahid Majeed ◽  
Nurlidia Mansor ◽  
Zainab Ajab ◽  
Zakaria Man ◽  
Ariyanti Sarwano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Amylase Activity ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Maximum Period ◽  
Important Challenge

AbstractFor slowing fast solubility and increasing the period of urea’s release in soil, urea-crosslinked starch (UcS) was prepared and applied as a slow release fertilizer. The higher environmental biodegradability of UcS is a major drawback for slow release of urea yet it provides an important challenge for large scale production and application on anaerobic farm lands. Hence, in order to reduce biodegradability of UcS, impregnation of UcS with 5–20 wt% of lignin is proposed. Lignin impregnated UcS was buried for a maximum period of 28–64 days under a constructed anaerobic soil environment. Hill’s model predicted that mineralization of UcS by lignin would be reduced by 5.48%. Microbial growth on UcS was inhibited by lignin at the rate of 0.84 day−1. The α-amylase activity was retarded in response to UcS impregnation with lignin at the rate of 810.94 μg h−1 g−1 soil. Lignin also showed improvement in half-life of UcS up to 0.51 days. This work concluded that lignin impregnation was an efficient approach for improvement of UcS through increasing resistance against natural biodegraders.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document