scholarly journals Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dickson Osei Darkwah ◽  
Meilina Ong-Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Sustainability Strategies ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Agriculture Sustainability ◽  
Negative Impacts

The oil palm (Elaies guineensis Jacq) is the largest produced and highly traded vegetable oil globally yet has the lowest cost of production and significantly higher productivity compared to other oil crops. The crop has the potential of alleviating poverty for smallholders and lifting the economies of countries with large scale production notably, Malaysia and Indonesia and currently on high demand for use as biofuel feedstock. Irrespective of these advantages of the oil palm, there is a global concern on the devastating impact of the crop on the environment and ecosystem during plantation developments and expansions. Deforestation, biodiversity loss, water and air pollution and toxic compounds from palm oil mill effluents (POME) are some of the negative impacts of the oil palm. For the industry to be more beneficial and impactful globally, sustainability strategies becomes urgent need. Sustainability strategies such as increasing the yield of oil palm, precision agriculture, sustainability certification, support for smallholders and circular economy have been put across to curtail the negative impacts of oil palm expansion.

scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of Large Scale Production of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles via Coprecipitation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffy J. Arteaga-Díaz ◽  
Samir I. Meramo-Hurtado ◽  
Jeffrey León-Pulido ◽  
Antonio Zuorro ◽  
Angel D. González-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Assessment ◽  
Magnetite Nanoparticles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Magnetite Fe3o4 ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Negative Impacts

Nanoparticles are materials with special properties that can be applied in different fields, such as medicine, engineering, food industry and cosmetics. The contributions regarding the synthesis of different types of nanoparticles have allowed researchers to determine a special group of nanoparticles with key characteristics for several applications. Magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) have attracted a significant amount of attention due to their ability to improve the properties of polymeric materials. For this reason, the development of novel/emerging large scale processes for the synthesis of nanomaterials is a great and important challenge. In this work, an environmental assessment of the large scale production of magnetite via coprecipitation was carried out with the aim to evaluate its potential impact on the environment at a processing capacity of 806.87 t/year of magnetite nanoparticles. The assessment was performed using a computer-aided tool based on the Waste Reduction Algorithm (WAR). This method allows us to quantify the impacts generated and classify them into eight different categories. The process does not generate any negative impacts that could harm the environment. This assessment allowed us to identify the applicability of the large scale production of magnetite nanoparticles from an environmental viewpoint.

scholarly journals 866 PB 545 PRODUCTION POTENTIAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL CROPS IN SAUDI ARABIA

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 557f-557
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sarwar ◽  
Saleh A. Al-Namlah
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Anethum Graveolens ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Cymbopogon Flexuosus

Saudi Arabia is known for arid character and its total unsuitability for any agricultural exploitation. However; it is- now proving otherwise with the application of modern agrotechnology resulting in large scale production of many crops successfully. Considering the international growing demand of essential oils, need of agrocommunities for new crops, advantages of local warm climate and availability of generous government funding system, essential oil production offers immense potential in Saudi Arabia. This paper intends to describe the prospects of raising Pelargonium graveolens, Mentha arvensis, Artemesia pallens, Cymbopogon winterianus, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Ocimum basilicum, Eucalyptus citriodora, Rosemarinus officinalis, Coriandrum sativum, Anethum graveolens, Jasminum grandiflorum and Pogostemon patchouli successfully at various ecosystems and to establish new agroindustries based on essential oils around the Kingdom.

scholarly journals Oil crops in biofuel applications: South Africa gearing up for a bio-based economy

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
BB Marvey
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Crude Oil Prices ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Large Fluctuations ◽  
The World

Large fluctuations in crude oil prices and the diminishing oil supply have left economies vulnerable to energy shortages thus placing an enormous pressure on nations around the world to seriously consider alternative renewable resources as feedstock in biofuel applications. Apart from energy security reasons, biofuels offer other advantages over their petroleum counterparts in that they contribute to the reduction in green- house gas emissions and to sustainable development. Just a few decades after discontinuing its large scale production of bioethanol for use as en- gine fuel, South Africa (SA) is again on its way to resuscitating its biofuel industry. Herein an overview is presented on South Africa’s oilseed and biofuel production, biofuels industrial strategy, industry readiness, chal- lenges in switching to biofuels and the strategies to overcome potential obstacles.

scholarly journals Foreign trade of oil food complex products in the conditions of integration of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Antonyuk ◽  
T. Stupnytska ◽  
P. Antonyuk ◽  
O. Volodina
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
World Market ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
Export Prices ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World

The article examines the current tendencies of entering the oil and fat subcomplex of Ukraine intothe world markets. It has been revealed that oil crops and their products are the main export commodity inagro-food export of the state. The large scale production of the sub-complex products, with modest domesticconsumption, is first and foremost associated with successful integration into international trade. Foreigntrade thus becomes an important factor in the development of the subcomplex. Considering the complexityand multidimensionality of the problem, the main segments of the market - oilseeds, oils and oilcake - arehighlighted in the research. On the basis of statistical data, the analysis of export volumes, dynamics, position on the world market and opportunities for their strengthening were made. It has been established thatUkraine, as a powerful producer and active participant in the world market, influences, to some extent, theexcess of world production over consumption of oil and products of their processing, which leads to a decrease in export prices and, as a consequence, to a loss of export earnings of domestic exporters. The studysubstantiates the need to improve the structure of production of oilseeds, the balance of use of soybeansand rapeseed, constant monitoring of the situation in foreign markets.

scholarly journals Disease suppression in Ganoderma-infected oil palm seedlings treated with Trichoderma harzianum

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.Z. Nur Ain Izzati ◽  
F. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Disease Severity Index ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Large Scale Production

Disease suppression in <I>Ganoderma</I>-infected oil palm seedlings treated with a conidial suspension of <I>Trichoder-ma harzianum</I> FA 1132 was tested in plant house conditions to determine the effectiveness of the fungus as a biocontrol agent. The highest efficacy of control was achieved by treatment right after artificial infection; the total number of infected plants was reduced to give the lowest disease severity index (DSI) value of 5.0%, compared to the infected and non-treated control that had the highest DSI of 70.0%. After conidia suspension of FA 1132 was applied, the colony forming ability by <I>Trichoderma</I> in the soil was dramatically increased, but decreased after some time. Results of the present study are a useful reference basis for further tests in the field and large scale production trials.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness Colonized System of Ganoderma Vaccine Compared to Trichoderma on Oil Palm Plantations That Infected by Ganoderma boninense

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Roderick Bastian ◽  
Supeno Surija ◽  
Michelle Faustine
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Ganoderma Boninense ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Area North ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Sample Experiment

Basal stem rot caused by Ganoderma boninense causes fall and death of oil palm crops, and will drastically reduce plantation productivity by up to 50% and become one of the most serious problems in oil palm cultivation. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Colonized System of Ganoderma Vaccine (CHIPS&reg;), as a biocontrol agent against the suppression of Ganoderma disease that infects oil palm trees in-field conditions. This research was conducted from early 2016 to the end of 2020 in a plantation located in Langkat area, North Sumatra by using 216 trees on 1 block as a sample experiment. Plants that infected with Ganoderma is treated with T1 treatment (MOAF&trade; &amp; CHIPS&reg;) shows the value of Disease Severity Index (DSI) decreasing to 37.50%, compare to T2 treatment (NPK Granular Fertilizer 13-6-27 &amp; Trichoderma bio fungicides) which has DSI value of 100% in week 232 (in 2020) and C1 treatment (control) with the highest DSI value of 100% in week 212 (in 2020). The conclusions of this study shows that the treatment of T1 (MOAF&trade; &amp; CHIPS&reg;) is more successful in eradicating Ganoderma and have the highest profit ratio than any other treatments. The results of this study are useful as references for in-field inspection and large-scale production.

Mechanical Design of Farmland Environmental Monitoring System Based on WSN and GPRS

2014 ◽  
Vol 540 ◽  
pp. 272-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ying Zhang ◽  
Shi Wei Lin
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mechanical Design ◽  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Information Monitoring ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Environmental Monitoring System ◽  
Environmental Test

For practical problems in large-scale production of precision agriculture farmland conditions, a farmland environmental information monitoring system was designed based on WSN and GPRS. The system is consisted of sensor nodes, ARM gateway and the host computer. Through WSN and GPRS network, realizing the data transmitted to the monitoring center and Client (including mobile phones and Ipad,etc.) Software platform is built with NI Labview, achieved real-time monitoring of the farmland environmental. Test results shows that the system is stable, accurate measurement, flexible distribution and it has good practical value.

Large scale production of succinic acid by fermentation of sequential inorganic salt pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch

2021 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
pp. 106307
Author(s):  
Nur Amirah Khairina Khairil Anwar ◽  
Nursia Hassan ◽  
Ani Idris ◽  
Solleh Ramli ◽  
Roslinda Abd Malek
Keyword(s):  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Inorganic Salt ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Large Scale Production

scholarly journals Induction and characterization of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) pro-embryogenic masses

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1545-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARLUCIA S. PADUA ◽  
LUCIANO V. PAIVA ◽  
CLAUDIA R.G. LABORY ◽  
EDUARDO ALVES ◽  
VANESSA C. STEIN
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Type 3

ABSTRACT Oil palm is one of the most economically valuable oil seed plants, but the expansion of plantations has been limited by availability of seedlings, as the conventional propagation is through seeds, which have low germination rates. One possible solution for the large-scale production is the use of somatic embryogenesis. The aim of this study was evaluate the effects auxins 2,4-D and picloram on the induction of pro-embryogenic masses in E.guineenesis hybrid leaf explants and characterize, regarding embryogenic characteristics, with cytochemical and ultrastructural analisys. Specifically, in vitro plantlets leaves fragments were inoculated in Y3 culture medium supplemented by 2.4-D or picloram at different concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 6.0 and 9.0 mg l–1). After 90 days the presence/ absence of cell masses were evaluated. Both growth regulators efficiently induced cellular masses regardless of the concentrations applied. As the cell masses were not homogeneously formed, they were classified according to color and shape into four types: TYPE 1 - elongated and translucent, TYPE 2 – uneven and translucent, TYPE 3 - globular and beige TYPE 4 – globular and white. Based on the anatomical and ultrastructural features, TYPE 2, 3 and 4 cell masses were considered to have the highest embryogenic potential and therefore may be most suited to large-scale vegetative propagation of oil palm.

I. S. A. Baud. Forms of Production and Women's Labour: Gender Aspects of Industrialisation in India and Mexico. New Delhi: Sage Publications. 1992. 321 pp.Hardbound. Price: Indian Rs 295.00.

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-131
Author(s):  
Naureen Talha
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Commodity Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
Small Production

The literature on female labour in Third World countries has become quite extensive. India, being comparatively more advanced industrially, and in view of its size and population, presents a pictures of multiplicity of problems which face the female labour market. However, the author has also included Mexico in this analytical study. It is interesting to see the characteristics of developing industrialisation in two different societies: the Indian society, which is conservative, and the Mexican society, which is progressive. In the first chapter of the book, the author explains that he is not concerned with the process of industrialisation and female labour employed at different levels of work, but that he is interested in forms of production and women's employment in large-scale production, petty commodity production, marginal small production, and self-employment in the informal sector. It is only by analysis of these forms that the picture of females having a lower status is understood in its social and political setting.

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