scholarly journals Flood Mitigation Using an Innovative Flood Control Scheme in a Large Lake: Dongting Lake, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yizhuang Liu ◽  
Shu-Qing Yang ◽  
Changbo Jiang ◽  
Muttucumaru Sivakumar ◽  
Keith Enever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Dongting Lake ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Large Lake ◽  
Flood Level ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Dead Storage

A large lake plays an important role in mitigating flood disasters in its nearby regions during the flooding period; however, the effect is limited, because most of its storage capacity becomes dead storage prior to the arrival of the flood wave. In the current study, an innovative flood control scheme (IFCS) is applied to Dongting Lake (the second largest freshwater lake in China) to alleviate flood disasters. MIKE 21 FM was used to examine its feasibility to mitigate flood disasters. One of the largest floods in the 20th century, the 1998-type flood, was modelled and the maximum water levels with/without IFCS were compared. The result shows that the effective flood control storage could be at least doubled when compared with the natural condition once IFCS was applied. The peak flood level in the Dongting Lake could be lowered by at least 0.32 m at the Chenglingji station in the same flood passage of Dongting Lake. The case study reveals that, after applying IFCS, the hydraulic gates play a very important role in floodwater regulation and further study should be conducted to find the optimized operation for each gate in the flood control scheme system.

scholarly journals Estimating Real-Time Water Area of Dongting Lake Using Water Level Information

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1240
Author(s):  
Yuannan Long ◽  
Rong Tang ◽  
Changshan Wu ◽  
Changbo Jiang ◽  
Shixiong Hu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Dongting Lake ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Level Information ◽  
Maximum Water

Dongting Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China, is an important water source for the Yangtze River Basin. The water area of Dongting Lake fluctuates significantly daily, which may cause flooding and other relevant disasters. Although remote sensing techniques may provide lake area estimates with reasonable accuracy, they are not available in real-time and may be susceptible to weather conditions. To address this issue, this paper attempted to examine the relationship between lake area and the water levels at the hydrological stations. Multi-temporal water area data were derived through analyzing Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery using the Automatic Water Extraction Index (AWEI). Then we analyzed the inter- and intra-annual variations in the water area of the Dongting Lake. Corresponding water level information at hydrological stations of the Dongting Lake were obtained. Simple linear regression (SLR) models and stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) models were constructed using water levels and water level differences from the upstream and downstream hydrological stations. We used the data from 2004 to 2012 and 2012, respectively, to build the model, and applied the data from 2013 to 2015 to evaluate the models. Results suggest that the maximum water area of the Dongting Lake during 2000–2015 has a clear decreasing trend. The variations in the water area were characterized by hydrological seasons, with the annual minimum and maximum water areas occurring in January and September, respectively. The water level at the Chengjingji station, and water level differences between upstream stations and the Chengjingji station, play a major role in estimating the water area. Further, results also show that the SMLR established in 2012 performs the best in estimating water area of the Dongting Lake, especially with high water levels.

scholarly journals Dealing with uncertainty in the probability of overtopping of a flood mitigation dam

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 2497-2507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Maria Michailidi ◽  
Baldassare Bacchi
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Rating Curve ◽  
Sampling Uncertainty ◽  
Flood Peak ◽  
Flood Volume ◽  
Maximum Water Level ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract. In recent years, copula multivariate functions were used to model, probabilistically, the most important variables of flood events: discharge peak, flood volume and duration. However, in most of the cases, the sampling uncertainty, from which small-sized samples suffer, is neglected. In this paper, considering a real reservoir controlled by a dam as a case study, we apply a structure-based approach to estimate the probability of reaching specific reservoir levels, taking into account the key components of an event (flood peak, volume, hydrograph shape) and of the reservoir (rating curve, volume–water depth relation). Additionally, we improve information about the peaks from historical data and reports through a Bayesian framework, allowing the incorporation of supplementary knowledge from different sources and its associated error. As it is seen here, the extra information can result in a very different inferred parameter set and consequently this is reflected as a strong variability of the reservoir level, associated with a given return period. Most importantly, the sampling uncertainty is accounted for in both cases (single-site and multi-site with historical information scenarios), and Monte Carlo confidence intervals for the maximum water level are calculated. It is shown that water levels of specific return periods in a lot of cases overlap, thus making risk assessment, without providing confidence intervals, deceiving.

scholarly journals Small and Medium-Scale River Flood Controls in Highly Urbanized Areas: A Whole Region Perspective

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengmei Liu ◽  
Yuting Cai ◽  
Shangwei Wang ◽  
Fupeng Lan ◽  
Xushu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Guangzhou City ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Inundation Depth ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Urbanized Areas

While rapid urbanization promotes social and economic development, it poses a serious threat to the health of rivers, especially the small and medium-scale rivers. Flood control for small and medium-scale rivers in highly urbanized areas is particularly important. The purpose of this study is to explore the most effective flood control strategy for small and medium-scale rivers in highly urbanized areas. MIKE 11 and MIKE 21 were coupled with MIKE FLOOD model to simulate flooding with the flood control standard, after which the best flooding control scheme was determined from a whole region perspective (both the mainstream and tributary conditions were considered). The SheGong River basin located near the Guangzhou Baiyun international airport in Guangzhou city over south China was selected for the case study. The results showed that the flooding area in the basin of interest accounts for 42% of the total, with maximum inundation depth up to 0.93 m under the 20-year return period of the designed flood. The flood-prone areas are the midstream and downstream where urbanization is high; however the downstream of the adjacent TieShan River is still able to bear more flooding. Therefore, the probable cost-effective flood control scheme is to construct two new tributaries transferring floodwater in the mid- and downstream of the SheGong River into the downstream of the TieShan River. This infers that flood control for small and medium-scale rivers in highly urbanized areas should not simply consider tributary flood regimes but, rather, involve both tributary and mainstream flood characters from a whole region perspective.

Surges from ice jam releases: a case study

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Beltaos ◽  
B. G. Krishnappan
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Ice Jams ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Ice Jam ◽  
Ice Breakup ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Ice Water

Accounts by witnesses of spring ice breakup in rivers often mention violent ice runs with extreme water speeds and rapidly rising water levels. Such events are believed to follow the release of major ice jams. To gain preliminary understanding of this problem, an attempt is made to reconstruct a partially documented ice jam release reported recently by others. The equations of the ice–water flow that occurs after the release of an ice jam are formulated. It is shown that the problem may be approximately treated as a one-dimensional, unsteady, water-only flow of total depth identical to that of the ice–water flow, and average velocity. The retarding effect of the frequently encountered intact ice cover below the jam is considered implicitly, that is, by adjusting the friction factor so as to make the predicted and observed downstream stages equal. The effects of jam length are considered next by assuming longer jams of the same maximum water depth. The duration of the surging velocities increases with jam length and so does the peak stage. Less than 2 h after the jam release the surge was arrested and a new jam formed, causing further stage increases. Present capabilities of modelling the reformation process are discussed and the major unknowns identified.

Flood Inundation Analysis and Mitigation with a Coupled 1D-2D Hydraulic Model: A Case Study in Kochi, Japan

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. C. Niroshinie ◽  
◽  
Yasuo Nihei ◽  
Kazuaki Ohtsuki ◽  
Shoji Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Plain ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Hydraulic Models ◽  
Mountain Watershed ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Kochi Prefecture ◽  
Inundation Model

Coupled one and two-dimensional (1D-2D) hydraulic models play a significant role in analyzing flooding problems to find possible solutions as they can reproduce the actual situations relatively accurately. This paper summarizes approaches to flood inundation analysis and mitigation with coupled 1D-2D hydraulic models of a small mountain watershed in Japan. A detailed flood inundation model including the effects of drainages, pumping, inflow from mountain sub-watersheds and flood gates is developed using coupled 1D-2D hydraulic models. The model is applied to the inundation in Kubokawa, a small town in Kochi Prefecture, Japan on August 9-10, 2014. Simulated and observed maximum water levels along the river and maximum inundations in the flood plain are compared and found to be consistent. Causes of the flooding and percentage of contribution are quantitatively identified, and countermeasures to reduce the effects of flooding are proposed.

scholarly journals Hydrological Drought in Dongting Lake Area (China) after the Running of Three Gorges Dam and a Possible Solution

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2713
Author(s):  
Yizhuang Liu ◽  
Shu-Qing Yang ◽  
Changbo Jiang ◽  
Yuannan Long ◽  
Bin Deng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flood Control ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Dongting Lake ◽  
Hydrological Drought ◽  
Three Gorges Dam ◽  
Lake Area ◽  
Three Gorges ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
South Dongting Lake

Dongting Lake is located at the downstream of Three Gorges Dam (TGD) and the hydrological drought is intensified after the impoundment of TGD as the dry period has been extended from 123 days/year before the operation of TGD (1981–2002) to 141 days/year (2003–2016) on average. Particularly, the Dongting Lake’s water shortage becomes very severe. To solve the problem caused by upstream dams, an innovative flood control scheme (IFCS) was introduced, and its feasibility of application in Dongting Lake is studied using the hydrodynamic module of Mike 21. The results show the IFCS can effectively convert the peak discharge of floodwater in wet seasons into water resources in dry seasons as the IFCS could significantly increase the usable water storage of the lake. For example, the usable water storage could increase to 2.85 billion m3 and 1.81 billion m3 in the extreme drought year of 2006 and 2011, respectively. The average increment of the water level would be about 0.4 m, 0.6 m, and 0.5 m in the West Dongting Lake (WDL), South Dongting Lake (SDL), and the East Dongting Lake (EDL), respectively, if the water stored in the inner lake was discharged uniformly in 30 days (27 November to 27 December 2006) with the application of IFCS. This study may provide an innovative method to alleviate the water shortage problem in Dongting Lake and other similar lakes.

Forecasting the fl ood situation using space images in the city of Tavda Sverdlovsk region

2018 ◽  
Vol 934 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
A.S. Bruskova ◽  
T.I. Levitskaya ◽  
D.M. Haydukova
Keyword(s):  
Water Levels ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Geoinformation System ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Geoinformation Systems ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
The City

Flooding is a dangerous phenomenon, causing emergency situations and causing material damage, capable of damaging health, and even death of people. To reduce the risk and economic damage from flooding, it is necessary to forecast flooding areas. An effective method of forecasting emergency situations due to flooding is the method of remote sensing of the Earth with integration into geoinformation systems. With the help of satellite imagery, a model of flooding was determined based on the example of Tavda, the Sverdlovsk Region. Space images are loaded into the geoinformation system and on their basis a series of thematic layers is created, which contains information about the zones of possible flooding at given water level marks. The determination of the area of flooding is based on the calculation of the availability of maximum water levels at hydrological stations. According to the calculated security data, for each hydrological post, flood zones are constructed by interpolation between pre-calculated flood zones of standard security. The results of the work can be used by the Main Directorate of the Ministry for Emergency Situations of Russia for the Sverdlovsk Region.

scholarly journals Investigation into the Cause of Iron-Related Clogging of Groundwater Bores Used for Viticulture in the Limestone Coast, South Australia

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 683
Author(s):  
Birte Moser ◽  
Meruyert Beknazarova ◽  
Harriet Whiley ◽  
Thilini Piushani Keerthirathne ◽  
Nikki Harrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Problem Analysis ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Iron Manganese

Iron-related clogging of boreholes, pumps and dripper lines is a significant and costly problem for irrigators worldwide. The primary cause of iron-related clogging is still debated. Previous studies have described complex interactions between biological clogging and inorganic iron/manganese oxide precipitation. This case study examined groundwater bores used for viticulture irrigation in the Limestone Coast region, a highly productive wine growing area in the SE of South Australia. Iron clogging of bore screens, pumps and dripper systems has been a persistent problem in the region and the issue is perceived to be growing, with irrigators suggesting the widespread introduction of iron-related bacteria (IRB) through drilling equipment to be the root cause of the problem. Analysis of the groundwater microbiology and inorganic chemistry found no apparent correlation between the presence of IRB and the clogging status of wells. In fact, IRB proved to be widespread throughout the limestone aquifer. However, a clear correlation could be found between clogging affected bores and the redox potential of the groundwater with the most severely affected bores strongly oversaturated in respect to iron oxide minerals. Elevated dissolved concentrations of Fe(II) thereby tended to be found in deeper bores, which also were generally more recently drilled. Following decades of less than average rainfall, a tendency to deepen bores in response to widespread declines in water levels has been documented for the SE of South Australia. The gradually widening clogging problem in the region is postulated to be related to the changes in climate in the region, with irrigators increasingly driven to rely on deeper, anoxic iron-rich groundwater resources.

scholarly journals The application of environmental governance for sustainable watershed-based management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiichi Kagaya ◽  
Tetsuya Wada
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Environment Assessment ◽  
Control Water

AbstractIn recent years, it has become popular for some of countries and regions to adapt the system of governance to varied and complex issues concerned with regional development and the environment. Watershed management is possibly the best example of this. It involves flood control, water use management and river environment simultaneously. Therefore, comprehensive watershed-based management should be aimed at balancing those aims. The objectives of this study are to introduce the notion of environmental governance into the planning process, to establish a method for assessing the alternatives and to develop a procedure for determining the most appropriate plan for environmental governance. The planning process here is based on strategic environment assessment (SEA). To verify the hypothetical approach, the middle river basin in the Tokachi River, Japan was selected as a case study. In practice, after workshop discussions, it was found to have the appropriate degree of consensus based on the balance of flood control and environmental protection in the watershed.

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