Why the Development of Internal Combustion Engines Is Still Necessary to Fight against Global Climate Change from the Perspective of Transportation

Over the past few decades, interest in the effects of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate change has peaked. Increasing temperatures worldwide have been blamed for numerous negative impacts on agriculture, weather, forestry, marine ecosystems, and human health. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reports that the primary GHG emitted in the U.S. is carbon dioxide (CO2), most of which stems from fossil fuel combustion [1]. In fact, CO2 represents approximately 85% of all GHG emissions nationwide. The other primary GHGs include nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), ozone (O3), and fluorinated gases. Since the energy sector is responsible for a majority of the GHGs released into the atmosphere, policies that address their mitigation through the production of electricity using renewable fuels and distributed generation are of significant interest. Use of renewable fuels and clean technologies to meet energy demand instead of relying on traditional electrical grid systems is expected to result in fewer CO2 and CH4 emissions, hence reducing global climate change impacts. Technologies considered cleaner include photovoltaics, wind turbines, and combined heat and power (CHP) devices using microturbines or internal combustion engines. The Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP) in California [2] provides incentives for the installation of these technologies under certain circumstances. This paper assesses the GHG emission impacts from California’s SGIP during the 2005 program year by estimating the reductions in CO2 and CH4 released when SGIP projects are in operation. Our analysis focuses on these emissions since these are the two GHGs characteristic of SGIP projects. Results of this analysis show that emissions of GHGs are reduced due to the SGIP. This is because projects operating under this program reduce reliance on electricity generated by conventional power plants and encourage the use of renewable fuels, such as captured waste heat and methane.

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Performance evaluation of gasoline alternatives using a thermodynamic spark-ignition engine model

Sustainable Energy & Fuels ◽

10.1039/c7se00276a ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (9) ◽

pp. 1991-2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dominik Gschwend ◽

Patrik Soltic ◽

Philip Edinger ◽

Alexander Wokaun ◽

Frédéric Vogel

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Performance Evaluation ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Spark Ignition ◽

Spark Ignition Engine ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Engine Model ◽

Surface Transportation

In light of climate change and the fact that surface transportation heavily relies on internal combustion engines, many different alternatives to gasoline have been proposed.

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Role of Legislation and State Policy in Minimizing the Impact of Threats to Environmental Safety in the Automobile Transport Sector

Bulletin of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs ◽

10.32631/v.2020.4.04 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 91 (4) ◽

pp. 49-58

Author(s):

I. V. Bryhadyr ◽

I. V. Panova

Keyword(s):

State Policy ◽

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Road Transport ◽

Environmental Safety ◽

Motor Vehicles ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

The Impact

The role of legislation and state policy in minimizing the impact of threats to environmental safety in the field of automobile transport has been studied. The main directions of the development of state policy and legislation in the field of reducing the negative impact of motor vehicles on the environment and public health have been defined. The main problems of reducing the negative impact of motor vehicles on the environment and public health, as well as the development of state and legal mechanisms to overcome them have been determined. The main environmental problems faced by governments are the use of internal combustion engines and fuel quality indicators. Many EU countries are refusing to further impose more strict requirements on the operation of motor fuel engines, instead introducing mechanisms to completely abandon such vehicle propulsion systems. However, such a refusal raises another problem of greening of road transport – the problem of electrification of transport, in the process of which it is necessary to solve the problems of transport energy and disposal of used batteries of electric vehicles. The authors have emphasized on inexpediency that to be limited in the long run only to mechanisms for setting more strict emission requirements for cars. The authors have indicated the need for a comprehensive approach to solving environmental problems to prevent the emergence of new significant difficulties – the accumulation of used batteries of electric cars, the depletion of non-renewable resources for their manufacture, etc. It has been offered to join Ukraine to the pan-European initiative of electrification of road transport, to develop the state program for the transformation of the motor transport industry with clear deadlines for the introduction of restrictions on the use of internal combustion engines, to introduce mechanisms to financially stimulate the transition from internal combustion engines to electric combustion engines.

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IMPROVING THE ACCURACY OF DETERMINING THE FREQUENCY

World of transport and technological machines ◽

10.33979/2073-7432-2021-73-2-23-31 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 23-31

Author(s):

L.O. SAVIN ◽

Keyword(s):

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Road Transport ◽

Technical Condition ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Optimal Frequency ◽

Average Operating

The paper substantiates a method for increasing the accuracy of determining the optimal fre-quency of maintenance of one of the most important units of automotive equipment operating in various climatic and road transport conditions - its engines, and also presents circuit proposals for the implementation of this method. The proposed approach makes it possible to significantly increase the accuracy of determining the optimal frequency of maintenance of internal combustion engines by taking into account their real technical condition when operating in different (different from the average) operating conditions. The article provides typical examples of calculating the determination of the optimal frequency of maintenance of automotive equipment, and also estimates the gain achieved when using the approach proposed in the work.

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APPLICATION OF HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGIES TO ENSURE EUROPEAN STANDARDS IN THE OPERATION OF MOTOR TRANSPORT

International scientific journal Internauka Series Economical Sciences ◽

10.25313/2520-2294-2021-11-7694 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Vasyl Kozyk ◽

◽

Oleksandra Mrykhina ◽

Taras Danylovych ◽

Iryna Stetsiv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Road Transport ◽

Hydrogen Purification ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Technical Parameters ◽

Motor Transport ◽

Hydrogen Technologies ◽

European Standards

It has been established that emissions and wastes from the operation of motor transport are one of the most common sources of air pollution and ecological imbalance. Despite the significant number of documents on the greening of motor transport in Europe and the world, the need to reduce the negative impact of cars remains open. A possible solution to this problem is the use of hydrogen as a fuel and as a cleaner for internal combustion engines. The expediency and efficiency of the application of hydrogen technologies to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide, soot and other compounds by internal combustion engines of road transport are substantiated. The possibility of application of hydrogen technologies for domestic motor transport to ensure European standards of its operation is determined. The experience of developing an innovative system of hydrogen purification of internal combustion engines with a long period of operation, proposed by the specialists of the Science Park of the Lviv Polytechnic National University "SID Sity" (Lviv) is analyzed. The proposed development provides improved technical parameters and is cheaper to operate compared to foreign counterparts. The proposed hydrogen purification system can meet European standards of environmental requirements.

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Battles over Biofuels in Europe: NGOs and the Politics of Markets

Sociological Research Online ◽

10.5153/sro.2192 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 45-60 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Sarah Pilgrim ◽

Mark Harvey

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Global Climate Change ◽

Resource Constraints ◽

Global Climate ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Political Influence ◽

Road Transport ◽

Sustainable Land Use ◽

Democratic Legitimacy ◽

The Usa

In this paper, we argue that a consortium of NGOs has played a significant role in shaping the market for, and restricting the use of, biofuels as an alternative to conventional fuels for road transport in Europe. This paper considers why a number of NGOs (Greenpeace, Oxfam, WWF, RSPB, Friends of the Earth) have chosen to enter the biofuels debate, and how they have variously developed policy, agreed a political campaign, and exercised political influence, in a key area of the world's response to major global climate change: how to reduce the carbon footprint of transport. We found that in many cases the development of NGO policy has been driven more by narrow political opportunities for influence than by broader and more coherent policy responses to global climate change or economic development, or indeed rigorous assessment of the scientific evidence. The research provides evidence of how NGO policies and lobbying significantly affected biofuel policy changes, review processes, target reductions, and sustainability regulation in the UK and in Europe. We consider that politically instituted markets, such as the one for biofuels, are examples of the emergence of new forms of governance of capitalist political economies facing a novel and pressing combination of drivers (climate change, energy security, resource constraints, and sustainable land-use). Politically instituted markets open up possibilities for political intervention from non-governmental or party-political actors, in ways that other markets do not. If political shaping of markets by NGOs becomes more widespread, issues of democratic legitimacy and public scrutiny will become ever more pressing. The paper is based on in-depth interviews with senior scientific directors and policy-makers in five NGOs, and of senior officials in UK government departments and the European Commission (DG Environment and DG Transport and Energy). It forms part of a wider ESRC research project in Brazil, the USA and Europe on the Transition to Sustainable Bioeconomies.

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Measures to improve environmental safety of vehicle transport. Part 1

10.36652/1684-1298-2020-19-09-28-32 ◽

2020 ◽

Keyword(s):

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Internal Combustion ◽

Road Transport ◽

Environmental Safety ◽

Combustion Engines ◽

Pollution Emissions ◽

Air Pollution Emissions ◽

Wheeled Vehicles

To a large extent, road transport is responsible for air pollution. Emissions of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines are not only toxic, poisoning all biological organisms, but also create a greenhouse effect, contributing to the process of global warming. The elimination of these extremely undesirable phenomena is ensured by improving the environmental safety of road transport, which is implemented in various ways, including improving the combustion process of the fuel-air mixture in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. Keywords automotive wheeled vehicles, fuel energy, internal combustion engines, environmental safety

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