scholarly journals Flash Drought Response to Precipitation and Atmospheric Evaporative Demand in Spain

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Iván Noguera ◽  
Fernando Domínguez-Castro ◽  
Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Patterns ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
High Degree

Flash drought is the result of strong precipitation deficits and/or anomalous increases in atmospheric evaporative demand (AED), which triggers a rapid decline in soil moisture and stresses vegetation over short periods of time. However, little is known about the role of precipitation and AED in the development of flash droughts. For this paper, we compared the standardized precipitation index (SPI) based on precipitation, the evaporative demand drought index (EDDI) based on AED, and the standardized evaporation precipitation index (SPEI) based on the differences between precipitation and AED as flash drought indicators for mainland Spain and the Balearic Islands for 1961–2018. The results show large differences in the spatial and temporal patterns of flash droughts between indices. In general, there was a high degree of consistency between the flash drought patterns identified by the SPI and SPEI, with the exception of southern Spain in the summer. The EDDI showed notable spatial and temporal differences from the SPI in winter and summer, while it exhibited great coherence with the SPEI in summer. We also examined the sensitivity of the SPEI to AED in each month of the year to explain its contribution to the possible development of flash droughts. Our findings showed that precipitation is the main driver of flash droughts in Spain, although AED can play a key role in the development of these during periods of low precipitation, especially in the driest areas and in summer.

scholarly journals Reliability Assessment of Agricultural Reservoirs for Water Supply under Climate Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Dasang Ko ◽  
Yeongcheol Joo ◽  
Taesam Lee
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
The Future ◽  
Storage Rate ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Recently, the frequency of drought occurrence and the resulting damage has increased due to climate change. Frequent severe droughts induce water shortages in agricultural reservoirs. The role of drought monitoring and prediction is critical for mitigating the effects of severe drought in agricultural areas. In this study, a compound standardized storage and precipitation index (CSSPI) was developed that adapted the existing drought index-the standardized precipitation index (SPI)-by adding hydrological data on storage rate. Furthermore, the future storage rate was simulated using autoregressive models (AR) to estimate the future CSSPI. A dataset containing records of reservoirs and precipitation at the three areas of Jungbu, Youngnam, and Honam was applied to estimate the current and future status of the CSSPI. The results indicate that the CSSPIs generated accurately present the past pattern of the observed data and that they can be considered as inputs for predicting future drought conditions.

scholarly journals Inadequacy of the gamma distribution to calculate the Standardized Precipitation Index

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 1129-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel C. Blain ◽  
Monica C. Meschiatti
Keyword(s):  
Normal Distribution ◽  
Gamma Distribution ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Early Warning Systems ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Calculation Algorithm ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Generalized Normal Distribution

ABSTRACT The Standardized Precipitation Index was developed as a probability-based index able to monitor rainfall deficit in a standardized or normalized way. Thus, the performance of this drought index is affected by the use of a distribution that does not provide an appropriate fit for the rainfall data. The goal of this study was to evaluate the adjustment of the gamma distribution for the rainfall amounts summed over several time scales (Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), to assess the goodness-of-fit of alternative distributions to these rainfall series and to evaluate the normality assumption of the Standardized Precipitation Index series calculated from several distributions. Based on the Lilliefors test and on a normality test, it is verified that the gamma distribution is not suitable for calculating this Index in several timescales. The generalized normal distribution presented the best performance among all analysed distributions. It was also concluded that the drought early warning systems and the academic studies should re-evaluate the use of the gamma distribution in the Standardized Precipitation Index calculation algorithm. A computational code that allows calculating this drought index based on the generalized normal distribution has also been provided.

A Multiscalar Drought Index Sensitive to Global Warming: The Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1696-1718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio M. Vicente-Serrano ◽  
Santiago Beguería ◽  
Juan I. López-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Drought Severity ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index ◽  
Drought Assessment ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index

Abstract The authors propose a new climatic drought index: the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The SPEI is based on precipitation and temperature data, and it has the advantage of combining multiscalar character with the capacity to include the effects of temperature variability on drought assessment. The procedure to calculate the index is detailed and involves a climatic water balance, the accumulation of deficit/surplus at different time scales, and adjustment to a log-logistic probability distribution. Mathematically, the SPEI is similar to the standardized precipitation index (SPI), but it includes the role of temperature. Because the SPEI is based on a water balance, it can be compared to the self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index (sc-PDSI). Time series of the three indices were compared for a set of observatories with different climate characteristics, located in different parts of the world. Under global warming conditions, only the sc-PDSI and SPEI identified an increase in drought severity associated with higher water demand as a result of evapotranspiration. Relative to the sc-PDSI, the SPEI has the advantage of being multiscalar, which is crucial for drought analysis and monitoring.

scholarly journals The Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Meteorological Draught Susceptability on Sampean Watershed

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Masita Ratih ◽  
Gusfan Halik ◽  
Retno Utami Agung Wiyono
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Drought Index ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
The Impact

Drought disasters that occur in the Sampean watershed from time to time have increased, both the intensity of events and the area affected by drought. The general objective of this research is to develop an assessment method for the impact of climate chan ge on vulnerability to drought disasters based on atmospheric circulation data. The specific objectives of this study are to model rainfall predictions based on atmospheric circulation data, predict rainfall in various climate change scenarios (Intergovernm ental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC – AR5), and assess vulnerability to drought disasters using a meteorological approach. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is one way to analyze the drought index in an area which was developed previous researcher. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is designed to quantitatively determine the rainfall deficit with various time scales. The advantage of the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is that it is enough to use monthly rainfall data to compare drou ght levels between regions even with different climate types. To facilitate the presentation of the data base on the identification of d rought susceptibility, we need a system that can assist in building, storing, managing and displaying geographically ref erenced information in the form of spatial mapping. This research facilitates monitoring of the area of drought-prone areas, predicts drought levels, prevents future drought disasters, and prepares plans for rebuilding drought-prone areas in the Sampean watershed.

scholarly journals Meteorological Drought Index Mapping in Bangladesh Using Standardized Precipitation Index during 1981–2010

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Anarul Haque Mondol ◽  
Iffat Ara ◽  
Subash Chandra Das
Keyword(s):  
Drought Index ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Meteorological Drought ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Distance Weighted ◽  
Index Mapping ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Inverse Distance

Natural disasters are a major concern in Bangladesh, particularly drought which is one of the most common disaster in Bangladesh. Drought needs to be explained spatially to understand its spatiotemporal variations in different areas. In this paper, the meteorological drought has been shown by using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method and illustrated through the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method across Bangladesh. We used rainfall data of 30 meteorological stations in Bangladesh during the study period of 1981–2010. The results indicate that drought has been fluctuating and it has become a recurrent phenomenon during the study period. The SPI depicted the drought conditions that plunged dramatically in 1981, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1992, 1994, and 1996 and then gradually improved in 2004, 2006, and 2009 in the country. The present study demonstrated that drought occurred in Bangladesh on an average of 2.5 years. Drought was more prominent in the northern, south-western, and eastern regions in Bangladesh compared to the rest of the areas of the country. The outcomes of the present study will help in during disaster management strategies, particularly drought, by initiating effective plans and adaptation remedies in different areas of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Hydrological response to different time scales of climatological drought: an evaluation of the Standardized Precipitation Index in a mountainous Mediterranean basin

2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 523-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Vicente-Serrano ◽  
J. I. López-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Precipitation Index ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Hydrological Droughts ◽  
Different Time Scales

Abstract. At present, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is the most widely used drought index to provide good estimations about the intensity, magnitude and spatial extent of droughts. The main advantage of the SPI in comparison with other indices is the fact that the SPI enables both determination of drought conditions at different time scales and monitoring of different drought types. It is widely accepted that SPI time scales affect different sub-systems in the hydrological cycle due to the fact that the response of the different water usable sources to precipitation shortages can be very different. The long time scales of SPI are related to hydrological droughts (river flows and reservoir storages). Nevertheless, few analyses empirically verify these statements or the usefulness of the SPI time scales to monitor drought. In this paper, the SPI at different time scales is compared with surface hydrological variables in a big closed basin located in the central Spanish Pyrenees. We provide evidence about the way in which the longer (>12 months) SPI time scales may not be useful for drought quantification in this area. In general, the surface flows respond to short SPI time scales whereas the reservoir storages respond to longer time scales (7–10 months). Nevertheless, important seasonal differences can be identified in the SPI-usable water sources relationships. This suggests that it is necessary to test the drought indices and time scales in relation to their usefulness for monitoring different drought types under different environmental conditions and water demand situations.

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