scholarly journals Characteristics of Desert Precipitation in the UAE Derived from a Ceilometer Dataset

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1245
Author(s):  
Martin W. Airey ◽  
Keri A. Nicoll ◽  
R. Giles Harrison ◽  
Graeme J. Marlton
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
Agriculture Irrigation ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Regional Factors ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Water Scarce

Understanding rainfall in arid and water-scarce regions is central to the efficient use of water resources in agriculture, irrigation, and domestic food security. This work presents a new dataset with which to study precipitation processes in arid regions, utilising two years (2018–2020) of ceilometer observations made at Al Ain International Airport in the desert region of Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE), where the annual rainfall is 76 mm. Ceilometer data provide a novel method by which to study both the evolution of water droplets from the cloud base down to the surface and the local circumstances required for rain to successfully reach the surface. In this work, we explore how successful precipitation depends on the initial size of the droplets and the thermodynamic profile below the cloud. For 64 of the 105 rain events, the droplet diameters ranged from 0.60 to 3.75 mm, with a mean of 1.84 mm. We find that smaller droplets, higher cloud bases, reduced cloud depths, and colder cloud bases all act to prevent successful precipitation, instead yielding virga (28 out of the 105 rain generating events). We identify how these multiple regional factors combine—specifically, we identify clouds deeper than 2.9 km, droplet diameters greater than 2 mm, and a midpoint below-cloud RH profile greater than 50%—to give successful rainfall, which may ultimately lead to more efficient rainfall enhancing measures, such as cloud seeding.

Rainfall in the desert: anatomy of rainfall events in the United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keri Nicoll ◽  
Martin Airey ◽  
R. Giles Harrison ◽  
Graeme Marlton
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Rain Event ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
Water Scarce

<p>The occurrence and characteristics of rainfall events in arid and water scarce regions are of great interest to many, as it is vital to understand the efficient use of this finite resource, for example in terms of water management, agriculture, irrigation, and domestic food security. Fundamental to this is understanding the numerous environmental aspects that affect the generation and persistence of rain. These include the presence of cloud droplets, activation and growth processes,  temperature and relative humidity of the within and below cloud regions, and the cloud base height. Not only must what causes rainfall to be initiated be understood, but also the conditions that allow that rain to reach the surface.</p><p> </p><p>This work examines the conditions required for a successful rain event (i.e. one in which rainfall reaches the ground) to occur in the arid desert region of Al Ain, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) (annual rainfall 76mm).  The high surface temperatures and dry air mean that rain events at Al Ain commonly occur as virga, as the rain droplets cannot survive evaporation under the local atmospheric conditions.  Here we examine individual rainfall events using backscatter data from a laser ceilometer, in conjunction with C-band radar data, to further understand the processes required for successful rain generation.  During the 2 year period of study, there was a total of 57.5 hours of rain (rainfall 0.5% of the time), with a total of 105 rainfall events.  Here we examine the effect on rainfall of (a) the initial size of the droplets falling from the cloud base, which must be large enough to survive the fall to the surface; and (b) the effect of the below cloud thermodynamic profile on the evaporation of the droplet (which also depends on the height of the cloud base). Preliminary conclusions find that smaller droplets, higher cloud bases, smaller cloud depths, and lower cloud base temperatures all favour the occurrence of a rain event terminating as virga before it reaches the surface. Understanding the details of why many potential rainfall events don’t reach the surface can ultimately lead to the more efficient implementation of rainfall enhancing measures such as cloud seeding.</p><p> </p>

Biologic risk factors for low birthweight in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adekunle Dawodu ◽  
Yousef M. Abdulrazzaq ◽  
Abdulbari Bener ◽  
Inge Kappel ◽  
Larry Liddle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Al Ain

scholarly journals The effect of religion on the perception of health states among adults in the United Arab Emirates: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e016969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iffat Elbarazi ◽  
Nancy J Devlin ◽  
Marina-Selini Katsaiti ◽  
Emmanuel A Papadimitropoulos ◽  
Koonal K Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Health States ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
Value Sets ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Perception Of Health

ObjectivesInvestigate how religion may affect the perception of health states among adults in the United Arab Emirates and the implications for research on self-reported health and quality of life and the use of values in cost-effectiveness analysis.DesignQualitative analysis of short-structured interviews with adult Emiratis carried out by a market research agency.The COREQ criteria have been used where appropriate to guide the reporting of our findings.SettingParticipants were recruited from shopping malls and other public places in the cities of Al Ain and Abu Dhabi.ParticipantsTwo hundred adult Emiratis broadly representative of the Emirati population in terms of age and gender.ResultsEighty one per cent of participants said that their perception of health states was influenced by their spiritual or religious beliefs. The two overarching themes that seemed to explain or classify these influences were ‘fatalism’ and ‘preservation of life’. Subthemes included powerlessness to change what is preordained by God, fear of disability (particularly diminished mobility) and appreciation of health and life and the requirement to look after one’s health. A final theme was that of acceptance, with respondents expressing a willingness to endure suffering and disability with patience in the expectation of rewards in the hereafter.ConclusionsOur results emphasise the need for further work to establish locally relevant value sets for Muslim majority countries in the Middle East and elsewhere for use in health technology assessment decision-making, rather than relying on value sets from other regions.

scholarly journals TAXONOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS, PHYLOGENY, PALEOGEOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY OF THE MIDDLE EOCENE (BARTONIAN) PLANKTIC FORAMINIFERA FROM JABAL HAFIT, AL AIN AREA, UNITED ARAB EMIRATES

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Haidar Salim Anan
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Present Author ◽  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Planktic Foraminifera ◽  
Oman Mountains ◽  
Foraminiferal Species ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
Eastern Limb ◽  
First Time

The taxonomical consideration, probable phylogeny and stratigraphic significance of twenty-eight middle Eocene (Bartonian) planktic foraminiferal species from the eastern limb of Jabal Hafit, Al Ain area, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Northern Oman Mountains (NOM) are presented, and twenty one of them are illustrated. Identification of these twenty-eight species belonging to ten genera Globoturborotalia, Subbotina, Globigerinatheka, Inordinatosphaera, Orbulinoides, Hantkenina, Acarinina, Morozovelloides, Pseudohastigerina and Turborotalia has led to the recognition of three biostratigraphic zones, in ascending order: Morozovelloides lehneri PRZ (E11), Orbulinoides beckmanni TRZ (E12) and Morozovelloides crassata HOZ (E13). Eight out of the identified species are recorded, in this study, for the first time from Jabal Hafit: Globoturborotalia martini, Subbotina gortanii, S. jacksonensis, S. senni, Globigerinatheca barri, Acarinina praetopilensis, A. punctocarinata and Morozovelloides bandyi. The second or third record of three species from J. Hafit outside its original records are recently documented by the present author: Inordinatosphaera indica, Hantkenina australis and H. compressa. The paleontology, paleoclimatology and paleogeographic distribution of the identified taxa at Jabal Hafit and other Paleogene outcrops in the UAE and Tethys are presented and discussed. The identified fauna emphasis the wide geographic areas in the Tethys, from Atlantic to Indian-Pacific Oceans via Mediterranean.

scholarly journals Etiology of toe-web disease in Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates: bacteriological and mycological studies

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
G. G. Lestringant ◽  
K. A. Saarinen ◽  
P. M. Frossard ◽  
A. Bener ◽  
A. M. Ameen
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
Over Time

Wexamined and sampled 45 patients with toe-web intertrigo for bacteriological and mycological studies. Prominent isolated pathogens were the genus Candida [57.7%], genus Aspergillus [28.8%], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [26.7%] and coliforms [24.4%]. Dermatophytes scored 4.4% [Trichophyton rubrum]. There were 43 patents [95.5%] who presented with marked hyperkeratosis and maceration of the toe-webs involved. The tradition of the Emirati population of sitting cross-legged may, over time, induce in the toe-webs of overweight individuals a macerated pressure-reaction hyperkeratosis that is colonized by environmental germs. T. rubrum and T. mentagrophytes are uncommon in the Al-Ain environment and this may explain the rarity of dermatophytes in toe-web intertrigo in our study.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Road Traffic Collision Injury Patterns and Severity in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasin J Yasin ◽  
David O Alao ◽  
Michal Grivna ◽  
Fikri Abu-Zidan
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Fisher's Exact Test ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
Fisher’S Exact Test ◽  
Road Traffic Collision ◽  
Motorcycle Injuries

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns restricted human and traffic mobility impacting the patterns and severity of road traffic collisions (RTCs). We aimed to study the effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on incidence, patterns, severity of the injury, and outcomes of hospitalized RTCs trauma patients in Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates. Methods: We compared the data of two cohorts of patients which were collected over two periods; the pandemic period (28 March 2020 to 27 March 202) and the pre-pandemic period (28 March 2019 to 27 March 2020). All RTCs trauma patients who were hospitalized in the two major trauma centers (Al-Ain and Tawam Hospitals) of Al-Ain City were studied. Results: Overall, the incidence of hospitalized RTC trauma patients significantly reduced by 33.5% during the Pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period. The mechanism of injury was significantly different between the two periods (p< 0.0001, Fisher’s Exact test). MVCs were less during the Pandemic (60.5% compared with 72%), while motorcycle injuries were more (23.3 % compared with 11.2 %). The mortality of hospitalized RTC patients was significantly higher during the Pandemic (4.4 % compared with 2.3 %, p=0.045, Fisher’s Exact test). Conclusions: Our study has shown that the numbers of hospitalized RTC trauma patients reduced by 33.5% during the COVID-19 Pandemic compared with the pre-pandemic period in our setting. This was attributed to the reduced motor vehicle, pedestrian and bicycle injuries while motorcycle injuries increased. Mortality was significantly higher during the Pandemic, which was attributed to increased ISS and reduced GCS.

scholarly journals Exploring the use of a column model for the characterization of microphysical processes in warm rain: results from a homogeneous rainshaft model

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Prat ◽  
A. P. Barros
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Cloud Base ◽  
Column Model ◽  
Raindrop Size Distribution ◽  
State Boundary ◽  
Raindrop Size ◽  
Microphysical Processes ◽  
Rain Events ◽  
Rain Rates

Abstract. A study of the evolution of raindrop spectra (raindrop size distribution, DSD) between cloud base and the ground surface was conducted using a column model of stochastic coalescense-breakup dynamics. Numerical results show that, under steady-state boundary conditions (i.e. constant rainfall rate and DSD at the top of the rainshaft), the equilibrium DSD is achieved only for high rain rates produced by midlevel or higher clouds and after long simulation times (~30 min or greater). Because these conditions are not typical of most rainfall, the results suggest that the theoretical equilibrium DSD might not be attainable for the duration of individual rain events, and thus DSD observations from field experiments should be analyzed conditional on the specific storm environment under which they were obtained.

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