scholarly journals Relationships among Indoor Radon, Earthquake Magnitude Data and Lung Cancer Risks in a Residential Building of an Apulian Town (Southern Italy)

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1342
Author(s):  
Luigi Vimercati ◽  
Domenica Cavone ◽  
Maria Celeste Delfino ◽  
Luigi De Maria ◽  
Antonio Caputi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Earthquake Magnitude ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Radon Concentrations

(1) Background: The association of radon-222 with lung cancer is well studied. The aim of the study was to validate a model of indoor radon measurements, to apply radon software to estimate lung cancer cases that are attributable to radon and to study the relationship between radon and earthquakes. (2) Methods: Different data detectors were used to obtain radon measurements in different places. Continuous data collection and predictions of indoor radon concentrations were carried out. Software was used to assess radon-attributable lung cancer cases, and data related to earthquake magnitudes were downloaded from Italian Vulcanology Institute. (3) Results: As expected, the highest radon concentrations were observed on the ground floor (232 ± 232 Bq/m3), with higher values measured during winter than in other seasons. The comparison of the detectors showed the overlapping of the two detectors-measured data sets. The cases of lung cancer that were attributable to radon in Locorotondo were studied (3.66/10,000). From the multivariate analysis of the relationship between high radon concentrations and high earthquake magnitude values, they show statistically significant ORs of just over 1. (4) Conclusions: Although the measured values are, on average, within the reference level, prevention measures must be implemented, as the measured radon values allow us to estimate an expected value of 3.66 cases of lung cancer per 10,000 people in the resident population.

Radon and Lung Cancer in Cornwall and Devon

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1361-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
R M Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Preventive Action ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Current Advice

The relationship between average indoor levels of radon and lung cancer mortality in the counties of Cornwall and Devon, England, are investigated. The associations of population density, social-class distribution, and regional smoking prevalence with lung cancer mortality in the local-authority districts of England and Wales were estimated by regression analysis. Low rates of lung cancer in Cornwall and Devon were predicted from the relationship. The differences between observed and predicted mortality in Cornwall and Devon districts were compared with average indoor levels of radon, which varied considerably between districts. Residual variations in lung cancer mortality were not significantly correlated with average indoor radon measurements. The current advice of the National Radiological Protection Board to government is to concentrate radon measurements, remedial action, and preventive action principally on Cornwall and Devon, but cross-sectional geographical data do not support the hypothesis that raised levels of radon indoors in southwest England have an important effect on lung cancer mortality.

Using geogenic radon potential to assess designation of radon priority areas in Ireland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meabh Hughes ◽  
Quentin Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Soil Radon ◽  
Council Directive ◽  
Geological Information ◽  
S 100 ◽  
Radon Potential ◽  
Radon Concentrations

<p>Radon is a radioactive gas which emanates from rock, soil and water. Radon concentrations in the<br>atmosphere are generally very low (typically <5 Bq m-3), however it can occur at much higher levels<br>in soil (typically 10’s-100’s kBq m-3), or enclosed spaces such as buildings and caves (typically 10’s-<br>100’s Bq m-3). Exposure to radon and its daughter products is associated with an elevated risk of<br>developing lung cancer. Ireland has a population weighted indoor radon concentration of 98 Bq m-3<br>resulting in an estimated 300 annual lung cancer cases per year, representing approximately 12% of<br>the annual lung cancer cases. A national-scale legislative radon-risk map has a 10 x 10 km spatial<br>resolution and is based exclusively on indoor radon measurements (i.e. it does not contain any<br>geological information). The legislative map satisfies the European Council Directive<br>2013/59/EURATOM Basic Safety Standard, in that it defines “high radon” areas as those where >10%<br>of homes are estimated to exceed the national reference level of 200 Bq m-3. New buildings in such<br>areas are legally required to have a barrier, with low radon permeability installed.</p><p>This research focuses on a karstic region of SE Ireland, which features some exceptionally high<br>indoor radon concentrations (65,000 Bq m-3), even though it is not classified as a “high radon” area<br>on the national legislative map. Here we demonstrate the use of measuring sub-soil radon<br>concentrations and sub-soil permeability, in order to construct a radon potential (RP) map of the<br>area. Extremely high sub-soil radon concentrations (>1443 kBqm-3) and radon potential values<br>(>200) are spatially associated with Namurian shales, interbedded with limestone. Overall, we<br>classify the study area as high radon potential (RP >35) using this technique. We suggest all areas<br>underlain by Namurian shales in Ireland should undergo similar radon potential mapping, and if<br>necessary, should be re-designated as “high radon” areas. If deemed appropriate (i.e. where RP<br>>35), such a designation will help to protect the general public from the harmful effects of indoor<br>radon exposure, and will help to lower the incidence of radon-related lung cancer in these areas.</p>

Indoor Radon Measurements in Anomalous Sites of Piedmont, Italy

1994 ◽  
Vol 56 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 327-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Magnoni ◽  
S. Tofani
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Western Alps ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Uranium Mine ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
Radon Content ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Abstract This laboratory, responsible for the monitoring of radon environmental pollution in the Piedmont Region (total area 25,400 km2, population (4.5 million), decided to promote surveys in areas where the presence of high radon concentrations is expected. Indoor radon concentrations in houses in the village of Peveragno (CN) were studied. Peveragno is a small centre (400 inhabitants) in the western Alps where there was a uranium mine until the 1960s and where many water sources and wells with a high radon content were found. The measurement techniques employed were based on Kodak LR-115 type II etched track detectors. The number of houses monitored (during summer 1992) was 86, distributed throughout the Peveragno municipality. Usually, two dosimeters were employed for each house, one in the lower floor, the other in the higher. In special cases cellars were also measured. The radon content in public water supplies was also measured. High radon levels were found in many cases: about 13% of all houses monitored showed concentrations above the Reference Level of 400 Bq.m-3, with a maximum of over 24000 Bq.m-3. The results are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Radon measurements with CR-39 track detectors at specific locations in Turkey

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asiye Ulug ◽  
Melek Karabulut ◽  
Nilgün Celebi
Keyword(s):  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
New Buildings ◽  
Main Factor ◽  
Ventilation Conditions ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Indoor radon concentration levels at three sites in Turkey were measured using CR-39 solid state nuclear track detectors. The annual mean of radon concentration was estimated on the basis of four quarter measurements at specific locations in Turkey. The measuring sites are on the active faults. The results of radon measurements are based on 280 measurements in doors. The annual arithmetic means of radon concentrations at three sites (Isparta Egirdir, and Yalvac) were found to be 164 Bqm?3, 124 Bqm?3, and 112 Bqm?3 respectively, ranging from 78 Bqm?3 to 279 Bqm?3. The in door radon concentrations were investigated with respect to the ventilation conditions and the age of buildings. The ventilation conditions were determined to be the main factor affecting the in door radon concentrations. The in door radon concentrations in the new buildings were higher than ones found in the old buildings.

Mapping Surficial Radium Content as a Partial Indicator of Radon Concentrations in US Houses

1988 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 179-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.L. Revzan ◽  
A.V. Nero ◽  
R.G. Sextro
Keyword(s):  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Radium Content ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mapping Techniques ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Abstract In connection with the problem of indoor radon, we discuss the use of a database developed from the National Aerial Radiometric Reconnaissance in the development of a map of radium in soil for the contiguous 48 states. We examine the relationship between the results of measurements of radon in houses and the indications of the US map, noting that some, but by no means all, of the areas known to have elevated radon concentrations appear as areas of higher radium concentration than their surroundings and that there are other areas, in which measurements of high radon lavels have not been made, which are suggested as deserving of interest. We discuss mapping techniques for smaller areas and possible methods of dealing with apparent discrepancies between adjacent areas. We show that, on a national basis, as much as half the variation in radon from region to region may be accounted for by the level of radium in the soil, but that there are regions for which the radium concentration does not account for the relatively high observed radon.

scholarly journals SPATIAL VARIABILITY OF INDOOR RADON CONCENTRATION IN SCHOOLS: IMPLICATIONS ON RADON MEASUREMENT PROTOCOLS

2020 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Z Curguz ◽  
G Venoso ◽  
Z S Zunic ◽  
D Mirjanic ◽  
M Ampollini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Reference Level ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Radon Measurement ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Radon Measurements

Abstract The requirements about radon measurements in schools and public buildings included in most of the national and international legislations are generally restricted to all the rooms located at the ground floor and basement, assuming the soil beneath the building as the main source of indoor radon. In order to verify such an assumption for small buildings having at maximum two floors, a preliminary study was performed in 50 schools located in 15 municipalities of the Republic of Srpska. Results of this study suggest that a protocol requiring measurements at the ground floor only may be considered adequate. Due to the high radon spatial variability for rooms at the ground floor, it is preferable to require measurements in a high number of rooms (preferably in all of them) in order to assess the compliance with the reference level established by the legislation.

scholarly journals Chapter 18 Radon gas hazard

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 433-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Appleton ◽  
D. G. Jones ◽  
J. C. H. Miles ◽  
C. Scivyer
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
British Geological Survey ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Gas Hazard ◽  
Remedial Work ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
New Buildings

AbstractRadon (222Rn) is a natural radioactive gas that occurs in rocks and soils and can only be detected with special equipment. Radon is a major cause of lung cancer. Therefore, early detection is essential. The British Geological Survey and Public Health England have produced a series of maps showing radon affected areas based on underlying geology and indoor radon measurements, which help to identify radon-affected buildings. Many factors influence how much radon accumulates in buildings. Remedial work can be undertaken to reduce its passage into homes and workplaces and new buildings can be built with radon preventative measures.

scholarly journals Lung Cancer Mortality and Radon Concentration in a Chronically Exposed Neighborhood in Chihuahua, Mexico: A Geospatial Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Octavio R. Hinojosa de la Garza ◽  
Luz H. Sanín ◽  
María Elena Montero Cabrera ◽  
Korina Ivette Serrano Ramirez ◽  
Enrique Martínez Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Spatial Clustering ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Lung Cancer Mortality ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Distance Weighting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Inverse Distance ◽  
Radon Concentrations

This study correlated lung cancer (LC) mortality with statistical data obtained from government public databases. In order to asses a relationship between LC deaths and radon accumulation in dwellings, indoor radon concentrations were measured with passive detectors randomly distributed in Chihuahua City. Kriging (K) and Inverse-Distance Weighting (IDW) spatial interpolations were carried out. Deaths were georeferenced and Moran’sIcorrelation coefficients were calculated. The mean values (overn=171) of the interpolation of radon concentrations of deceased’s dwellings were 247.8 and 217.1 Bq/m3, for K and IDW, respectively. Through the Moran’sIvalues obtained, correspondingly equal to 0.56 and 0.61, it was evident that LC mortality was directly associated with locations with high levels of radon, considering a stable population for more than 25 years, suggesting spatial clustering of LC deaths due to indoor radon concentrations.

scholarly journals Construction a process to measurement the indoor radon concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Hien Thi To ◽  
Nguyen Thao Nguyen ◽  
Huy Huu Duong
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Radon Concentration ◽  
Indoor Radon ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Indoor Radon Concentration ◽  
Radon Exposure ◽  
Indoor Location ◽  
Radon Inhalation ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Radon is a naturally radioactive gas , but it causes lung cancer to humans. The risk of lung cancer due to radiation depends on the amount of radon inhalation and radon exposure time. In Vietnam, radon concentrations are usually determined by RAD7, however RAD7 just showed the immediate values of radon, and have to regularly calibrate it. The construction process to determine the accumulates indoor radon concentration by detector CR- 39 in order to be widely used in the study of environmental pollution, especially the study of health risks of radon for humans and mapping radon pollution. Detector CR - 39 is placed in a 7 cm - plastic holder, and in exposure time, the holders were covered with glass fiber filter paper ∅ 47mm on the bottom of the detector to avoid the exposure of dust. Then it is hung in the indoor location as Vietnam Standard 7889:2008. After 3 months, holders are returned to a laboratory, and CR - 39 will be soaked in 6M NaOH at 700C. Indoor radon concentrations will be proportional to the density traces obtained on CR-39. The study uses an radium 226 source of the NIST (National Institute for Standards and Technology) with the released radon coefficient : f = 0.891 ± 0.015. Results show the calibration factor K is 4.533 ± 0.218 [(Bq.m-3. day)]/(tracks / CR-39)]. Using K factor, we can determine the cumulative indoor radon concentration.

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