scholarly journals Trends of Ground-Level Ozone in New York City Area during 2007–2017

Atmosphere ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Subraham Singh ◽  
Ilias G. Kavouras

The spatiotemporal patterns of ground level ozone (O3) concentrations in the New York City (NYC) metropolitan region for the 2007–2017 period were examined conjointly with local emissions of O3 precursors and the frequency of wildfires. Daily 8-h and 1-h O3 and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations were retrieved from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Air Data. Annual emission inventories for 2008 and 2017 were acquired from EPA National Emissions Inventory (NEI). The number and area burnt by natural and human-ignited wildfires were acquired from the National Interagency Fire Center (NIFC). The highest daily 8-h max O3 concentrations varied from 90 to 111 parts per billion volume (ppbv) with the highest concentrations measured perimetrically to NYC urban agglomeration. The monthly 8-h max O3 levels have been declining for most of the peri-urban sites but increasing (from +0.18 to +1.39 ppbv/year) for sites within the urban agglomeration. Slightly higher O3 concentrations were measured during weekend than those measured during the weekdays in urban sites probably due to reduced O3 titration by NO. Significant reductions of locally emitted anthropogenic nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may have triggered the transition from VOC-limited to NOX-limited conditions, with downwind VOCs sources being critically important. Strong correlations between the monthly 8-h max O3 concentrations and wildfires in Eastern US were computed. More and destructive wildfires in the region were ignited by lightning for years with moderate and strong La Niña conditions. These findings indicate that climate change may counterbalance current and future gains on O3 precursor’s reductions by amending the VOCs-to-NOx balance.

Author(s):  
Peter J. Marcotullio ◽  
William D. Solecki

During early 2020, the world encountered an extreme event in the form of a new and deadly disease, COVID-19. Over the next two years, the pandemic brought sickness and death to countries and their cities around the globe. One of the first and initially the hardest hit location was New York City, USA. This article is an introduction to the Special Issue in this journal that highlights the impacts from and responses to COVID-19 as an extreme event in the New York City metropolitan region. We overview the aspects of COVID-19 that make it an important global extreme event, provide brief background to the conditions in the world, and the US before describing the 10 articles in the issue that focus on conditions, events and dynamics in New York City during the initial phases of the pandemic.


Author(s):  
Kim Knowlton ◽  
Christian Hogrefe ◽  
Barry Lynn ◽  
Cynthia Rosenzweig ◽  
Joyce Rosenthal ◽  
...  

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1803-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Civerolo ◽  
Christian Hogrefe ◽  
Barry Lynn ◽  
Joyce Rosenthal ◽  
Jia-Yeong Ku ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Marc Cutler ◽  
Lance Grenzeback ◽  
Alice Cheng ◽  
Richard Roberts

An investment study sponsored by the New York City Economic Development Corporation with Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 funds evaluated strategies for improving the movement of freight by rail to an 11-county subregion (including New York City) of the New York and northern New Jersey metropolitan area located east of the Hudson River. The major achievements of the process were the use of choice modeling techniques to understand the decision making of shippers and, in combination with other data sources, forecasting the demand for freight infrastructure investments. The methodologies described are applicable to the study of freight transportation investment strategies in many settings. The key finding of the analysis is that a rail freight tunnel would increase rail mode share relative to other alternatives and the so-called No Build case. The subregion east of the Hudson contains two-thirds of the region’s population, but it is at a significant disadvantage in the movement of freight relative to the subregion west of the Hudson. Rail accounts for only 2.8 percent of all the subregion’s shipments, compared to 15 percent within the subregion west of the Hudson. Two limited rail crossings of the Hudson River provide access to New York City and the rest of the east subregion. These conditions affect the level of truck traffic and air pollution within the subregion, the subregion’s overall economic competitiveness, and the viability of its port facilities. To address these concerns, four families of alternatives that could improve cross-harbor rail freight service were analyzed. Discussed is how the market demand for these alternatives was analyzed by linking six distinct methodologies and data sets: ( a) regional economic forecasts, ( b) commodity flow data, ( c) a modal diversion model, ( d) regional port forecasts, ( e) a regional travel demand forecasting model, and ( f) user benefit calculation models.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Roberton ◽  
Stephan Schmidt ◽  
Rodney Stiles

<p>The launch of app-based for-hire vehicle (FHV) services like Uber and Lyft has led to increased mobility options, but the associated increase in vehicular traffic has also presented challenges. In New York City, the number of FHVs tripled between 2010 and 2019, to over one hundred thousand, due to the advent of such companies. This study seeks to understand the impact this increase in FHV usage has had on greenhouse gas emissions in New York City. The study uses data collected by the NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission, which regulates the FHV and taxi industries, and the NYC Mayor’s Office of Sustainability, which publishes the City’s greenhouse gas emissions inventory. The main result of the study is that although the overall per-vehicle efficiency of the fleet has improved, the high growth in registered vehicles has led to emissions from FHVs and taxis increasing 66 percent from 2010 to 2018. Electric vehicles present an opportunity for emissions reductions in New York City’s FHV fleet if barriers to vehicle adoption are adequately addressed and if adoption of EVs does not outpace vehicle attrition. </p>


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen Roberton ◽  
Stephan Schmidt ◽  
Rodney Stiles

<p>The launch of app-based for-hire vehicle (FHV) services like Uber and Lyft has led to increased mobility options, but the associated increase in vehicular traffic has also presented challenges. In New York City, the number of FHVs tripled between 2010 and 2019, to over one hundred thousand, due to the advent of such companies. This study seeks to understand the impact this increase in FHV usage has had on greenhouse gas emissions in New York City. The study uses data collected by the NYC Taxi and Limousine Commission, which regulates the FHV and taxi industries, and the NYC Mayor’s Office of Sustainability, which publishes the City’s greenhouse gas emissions inventory. The main result of the study is that although the overall per-vehicle efficiency of the fleet has improved, the high growth in registered vehicles has led to emissions from FHVs and taxis increasing 66 percent from 2010 to 2018. Electric vehicles present an opportunity for emissions reductions in New York City’s FHV fleet if barriers to vehicle adoption are adequately addressed and if adoption of EVs does not outpace vehicle attrition. </p>


2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 812-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Tantala ◽  
Guy J.P. Nordenson ◽  
George Deodatis ◽  
Klaus Jacob

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