scholarly journals Quality Green Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Clones Marked through Novel Traits

Beverages ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Patel ◽  
Dapeng Zhang ◽  
Devajit Borthakur ◽  
Monpi Hazarika ◽  
Pulakesh Boruah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Carboxylation Efficiency ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Novel Traits ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Tea clones and seed varieties released from Tocklai Tea Research Institutes are suitable primarily for manufacturing black tea (CTC/orthodox) while green tea manufactured from these clones are poor in quality. This led to identifying germplasm suitable for manufacturing green tea of high quality. Physiological parameters on net photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, water-use efficiency, leaf temperature, and carboxylation efficiency of six selected germplasm (DH 1 and 2, DH 3 and 4, DH 5 and 6, DL 13, DL 25, and DL 39) were measured in first flush, second flush, rain flush, and autumn flush. Seasonal Yield, biochemical (L-theanine to total polyphenol ratio), and taster’s score were compared among seasons. Two protocols were used for green tea manufacturing, i.e., roasting and steaming. Significant differences in net photosynthesis (pn), stomatal conductance (gs), carboxylation efficiency (ci/ca), and yield were observed between flushes. Among the six test clones, the L-theanine to total polyphenol ratio found was highest in DH 5 and 6 in the roasting method. Structural and cluster analysis revealed that the DH clones genotypically occupied the same position as that of the popular green tea clone Longjing 43 of China and Yabukita of Japan, indicating suitability of these germplasm to develop new green tea clones. Clones DH 5 and 6 are suitable for green tea manufacturing and they can be released to the industry as new green tea clones. As far as manufacturing protocol is concerned, the roasting method of tea manufacturing was found superior over steaming.

scholarly journals Ecophysiology of the Southern Highbush blueberry cv. Biloxi in response to nitrogen fertigation

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3245
Author(s):  
Firmino Nunes de Lima ◽  
Osvaldo Kiyoshi Yamanishi ◽  
Márcio de Carvalho Pires ◽  
Elias Divino Saba ◽  
Aline Rodrigues Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Carboxylation Efficiency ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Physiological Attributes ◽  
Southern Highbush

In Brazil, the nutritional requirements of the blueberry are not sufficiently known, thus requiring further research on the management of mineral fertilization. In this perspective, this work aimed to evaluate physiological attributes of Southern Highbush blueberry plants cv. Biloxi as a function of nitrogen fertigation in Brasília-DF. The experiment was conducted from August 2018 to July 2019, in the Fruit Sector of the Experimental Biology Station of the University of Brasilia (UnB), Federal District. This experiment adopted a randomized block design, with four treatments: 10; 20; 30, and 40 g of N plant-1, 8 replications, and 5 plants per experimental plot. The following variables were measured: net photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUE), carboxylation efficiency (CE), SPAD index (SPAD) and leaf nitrogen (N). There was an effect of the different nitrogen doses applied on the physiological attributes. The plants of the blueberry cultivar Biloxi increased their photosynthetic rates at doses up to 30 g of N plant-1. Nitrogen rates did not influence stomatal conductance nor did they provide improvements in the carboxylation efficiency of the blueberry plants. Under the conditions of the present work, the highest N leaf contents were obtained with the application of 30 g N plant-1, and values above this concentration did not correspond to higher net photosynthesis rates, transpiration, and CO2 concentration in the leaf mesophyll.

scholarly journals Effect of fertigation with potassium and nitrogen on gas exchange and biomass accumulation in eggplant1

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-352
Author(s):  
Álvaro Henrique Cândido de Souza ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
Marcelo Zolin Lorenzoni ◽  
Fernando André Silva Santos ◽  
André Maller
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Internal Co2 ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Total Dry Weight

ABSTRACT Adequate crop fertilization is one of the challenges for agriculture. Measuring gas exchange and biomass accumulation may be used to adjust crop management. The effect of fertigation with potassium (0 kg ha-1, 54 kg ha-1, 108 kg ha-1 and 216 kg ha-1) and nitrogen (0 kg ha-1, 67 kg ha-1, 134 kg ha-1 and 268 kg ha-1) on gas exchange and biomass accumulation in eggplant was assessed under greenhouse conditions. The net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, water-use efficiency and total dry weight were evaluated. With the exception of K for water-use efficiency and N for internal CO2 concentration, all the other gas exchange parameters were significantly affected by the K and N doses. There was an interaction between N and K doses for net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The highest values for net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, carboxylation instantaneous efficiency and total dry weight were found in the range of 125-185 kg ha-1 of K and 215-268 kg ha-1 of N.

scholarly journals Gas exchange, leaf and root dry mass in Bell Pepper under fertigation with nitrogen and potassium

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Zolin Lorenzoni ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
Álvaro Henrique Cândido de Souza ◽  
Fernando André Silva Santos ◽  
Cláudia Salim Lozano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Carboxylation Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Variables

Bell pepper is a vegetable-fruit of great economic importance in Brazil. Crop production demands adequate water supply, nutrients, and light. The objective of this study was to evaluate gas exchange (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal carbon concentration and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency) and dry mass accumulation in leaves and roots under fertigation with nitrogen and potassium. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme (4 × 4) with four replications and a total of 64 experimental units. Treatments consisted of a combination of four nitrogen doses (0; 73.4; 146.8 and 293.6 kg ha-1 of N) with four doses of potassium (0; 53.3; 106.7 and 213.4 kg ha-1 of K). An infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) coupled with a light source (irradiation of 600 µmol m-2 s-1) was used for the evaluation of gas exchange. There was a significant interactive effect of N and K on net photosynthesis and leaf and root dry mass. Root dry mass was the variable that best expressed this interaction. Physiological variables measured were more responsive to nitrogen fertilization than to K fertilization. The optimum values of stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal carbon concentration and carboxylation efficiency were obtained with the application of nitrogen doses between 147 and 294 kg ha-1.

scholarly journals Gas exchange and photosynthetic pigments in zucchini plants under cattle bio-fertilization and sources of nitrogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e8099118107
Author(s):  
Damiana Ferreira da Silva Dantas ◽  
Ronaldo Nascimento ◽  
Ademar Pereira Oliveira ◽  
Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽  
Naysa Flávia Ferreira Nascimento ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Carboxylation Efficiency ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Use Efficiency

Zucchini is traditionally used in human consumption, however, the scarcity of information, especially about fertilization and the physiological aspects of this crop, constitutes a major obstacle its cultivation and commercialization. The objective was evaluate the chlorophyll content and gas exchange under cattle bio-fertilization and different sources of nitrogen. The work was carried a randomized block experimental design was used in a factorial scheme 5 x 3 + 1 composed of five cattle bio-fertilizer concentrations, three sources of nitrogen and an additional treatment without nitrogen. The levels of chlorophyll a, b and total, liquid photosynthesis, transpiration, internal CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, instantaneous water use efficiency, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency were evaluated. The studied variables were influenced by the interaction between the concentrations of the cattle bio-fertilizer and the nitrogen sources, except for the chlorophyll b content and the instantaneous water use efficiency, which responded only to the nitrogen sources. Ammonium sulfate and urea increased increase the physiological variables evaluated. The combination of ammonium sulfate with bio-fertilizer promoted an increase in chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, liquid photosynthesis, transpiration, internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. The cattle bio-fertilizer in the soil without nitrogen did not increase the physiological variables evaluated.

Water relations, gas exchange, and early growth rates of outcrossed and selfed Pinus banksiana families

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1618-1623 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Blake ◽  
C. W. Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Positive Correlations

Seedlings of six outcrossed jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) families from a diallel cross of jack pine were mainly larger than those of three selfed families at the time they were transplanted to the field in Ontario. Outcrossed families also exhibited a greater absolute and relative (percent) growth in total dry matter at the end of the first growing season. Outcrossed families exhibited a higher net photosynthesis, a lower transpiration rate, and a higher water use efficiency on hot, but not mild, days in mid-August. Stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and net photosynthesis were greater in outcrossed families in September. There were significant, positive correlations between stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, and shoot and root growth in August and September. The results suggest that maintenance of a higher stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis until late in the growing season may contribute to the faster growth rates observed in outcrossed families.

scholarly journals 357 PHOTOSYNTHETIC RESPONSE OF SELECT RED MAPLE CULTIVARS TO LIGHT INTENSITY

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 482b-482
Author(s):  
Jeff L. Sibley ◽  
D. Joseph Eakes ◽  
Charles H. Gilliam ◽  
William A. Dozier
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Response ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Use Efficiency

Net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (Cs), transpiration (Ts), and water use efficiency (WUE) were determined with a LICOR 6250 Portable Photosynthesis System for four cultivars of Acer rubrum L. under light intensities ranging from 300 to 1950 μmol·m-2·sec-1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). As PAR increased, there was a linear relationship for Pn, Cs, and Ts for the cultivars `Franksred' (Red Sunset TM) and `October Glory'. In contrast, the cultivars `Schlesingeri' and `Northwood' had quadratic relationships for Pn and Cs as PAR increased. Ts was quadratic for `Schlesingeri' and had a linear relationship for `Northwood.' WUE was quadratic for each of the four cultivars.

scholarly journals Variation in leaf physiology among three provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in provenance trial in Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srdjan Stojnic ◽  
Sasa Orlovic ◽  
Andrej Pilipovic ◽  
Dragica Vilotic ◽  
Mirjana Sijacic-Nikolic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica L ◽  
Use Efficiency

The paper presents the results of investigation of variability of net photosynthesis (A), transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs) and water use efficiency (WUE) of three European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) provenances in the provenance trial established on Fruska Gora Mt. Provenances originate from three localities along a gradient from the north to the south of Europe: Pfalzgrafenweiler (Germany), Grenchen (Swiss) and Valkonya (Hungary). Results indicate that observed parameters were influenced both by environmental conditions of sites and genetic constitution of provenances. On the basis of ANOVA procedure it was observed significant differences among provenances in terms of rate of transpiration (p_0.037) and water use efficiency (p_0.011), while differences regarding net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were not statistically significant. Canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) was performed in order to estimate multivariate relations among analyzed physiological parameters. Provenances were separated by the first canonical axis (CD1), which described 96.4% of variability. Provenance from the driest site (Valkonya) showed the highest water use efficiency, indicating on high potential for afforestation programmes in more arid areas.

Seasonal and diurnal patterns in leaf gas exchange of Eucalyptusglobulus trees growing in Portugal

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Pereira ◽  
J. D. Tenhunen ◽  
O. L. Lange ◽  
W. Beyschlag ◽  
A. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Midday Depression ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon Assimilation

Gas exchange of adult leaves of Eucalyptusglobulus Labill. trees growing in Portugal was monitored during weekly periods between September 1982 and August 1983. Photosynthetic carbon assimilation rates and leaf water use efficiency were highest (maximum instantaneous values, ca. 12 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and ca. 7 mmol CO2 mol H2O−1, respectively) in the spring, somewhat reduced in the winter, and strongly depressed by the middle of the summer, when severe drought conditions prevailed. Diurnal patterns of variation in stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis rates showed a marked seasonal variation. With the transition from winter to spring and summer, as the environmental conditions became warmer and drier, there was an increasing tendency for a midday depression in gas exchange rates as well as a decreasing capacity in the afternoon for recovery to the same net photosynthesis rates measured in the morning. Midday depression in gas exchange and stomatal conductance occurred in leaves positioned both vertically and horizontally inside the measurement cuvettes. Leaf dark respiratory rates also changed with the season; the temperature necessary to evoke similar rates increased with the transition from winter to summer.

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