scholarly journals Adaptation of an Invasive Pest to Novel Environments: Life History Traits of Drosophila suzukii in Coastal and Mainland Areas of Greece during Overwintering

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Stella A. Papanastasiou ◽  
Vasilis G. Rodovitis ◽  
Eleni Verykouki ◽  
Evmorfia P. Bataka ◽  
Nikos T. Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
The Usa

Drosophila suzukii is a polyphagous pest of small and soft fruit, originating from Asia, which has spread and established in Europe and the USA. Adults exhibit seasonal phenotypes, i.e., summer morphs (SM) and winter morphs (WM) to cope with fluctuating environmental conditions. WM have a darker cuticle and larger wings compared to SM, while WM females experience reproductive dormancy. We studied the life history traits (lifespan, female reproductive status and number of produced offspring) of WM and SM that were exposed to winter field conditions of a coastal and a mainland agricultural area, with mild and cold winter climates, respectively. Mated adults of each phenotype were individually placed in vials bearing nutritional/oviposition substrate, and transferred to the field from November 2019 to May 2020, when the death of the last individual was recorded. Almost all SM females (90%) and no WM female carried mature ovarioles before being transferred to the field. WM exhibited a longer lifespan than SM adjusting for location and sex. Differences in survival between the two phenotypes were more pronounced for adults kept in the mainland area. The majority of SM females produced offspring during overwintering in the mild coastal area, but only a few SM were reproductively active in the cold mainland area. Some WM females produced progeny during overwintering in the mild conditions of the coastal area, but all WM females were in reproductive arrest in the mainland area. Overwintering females in the coastal area had a shorter lifespan and produced more progeny than those kept in the mainland area. High survival rates of WM provide indications of the successful performance of this phenotype in the adverse conditions of the cold climates. Additionally, the continuous reproductive activity of SM females and the onset of progeny production by WM females during overwintering in the coastal area indicate that the insect remains reproductively active throughout the year in areas with mild climatic conditions. Our findings support the successful adaptation of D. suzukii in both areas tested and can be used for the development of area-specific population models, based on the prevailing climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Diversity in genome size and GC content shows adaptive potential in orchids and is closely linked to partial endoreplication, plant life‐history traits and climatic conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 224 (4) ◽  
pp. 1642-1656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Trávníček ◽  
Martin Čertner ◽  
Jan Ponert ◽  
Zuzana Chumová ◽  
Jana Jersáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
Plant Life

scholarly journals Corticosterone, testosterone and life-history strategies of birds

2010 ◽  
Vol 277 (1697) ◽  
pp. 3203-3212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Hau ◽  
Robert E. Ricklefs ◽  
Martin Wikelski ◽  
Kelly A. Lee ◽  
Jeffrey D. Brawn
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Adult Survival ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Season Length

Steroid hormones have similar functions across vertebrates, but circulating concentrations can vary dramatically among species. We examined the hypothesis that variation in titres of corticosterone (Cort) and testosterone (T) is related to life-history traits of avian species. We predicted that Cort would reach higher levels under stress in species with higher annual adult survival rates since Cort is thought to promote physiological and behavioural responses that reduce risk to the individual. Conversely, we predicted that peak T during the breeding season would be higher in short-lived species with high mating effort as this hormone is known to promote male fecundity traits. We quantified circulating hormone concentrations and key life-history traits (annual adult survival rate, breeding season length, body mass) in males of free-living bird species during the breeding season at a temperate site (northern USA) and a tropical site (central Panama). We analysed our original data by themselves, and also combined with published data on passerine birds to enhance sample size. In both approaches, variation in baseline Cort (Cort0) among species was inversely related to breeding season length and body mass. Stress-induced corticosterone (MaxCort) also varied inversely with body mass and, as predicted, also varied positively with annual adult survival rates. Furthermore, species from drier and colder environments exhibited lower MaxCort than mesic and tropical species; T was lowest in species from tropical environments. These findings suggest that Cort0, MaxCort and T modulate key vertebrate life-history responses to the environment, with Cort0 supporting energetically demanding processes, MaxCort promoting survival and T being related to mating success.

Life histories of two arid-zone shrubs change with differences in habitat, grazing and climate

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 249 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Norman ◽  
R. Denham ◽  
M. J. Calvert
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Ecosystem Structure ◽  
Background Rate ◽  
Average Maximum ◽  
Eastern Australia

Shrubs are an important component of vegetation throughout the world. They are particularly significant in semiarid environments where they can dominate, driving ecosystem structure and functioning, and shaping land use. Life-history information was derived for Eremophila sturtii R.Br. and Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustissima J.G.West, two widespread and common shrubs of semiarid eastern Australia. Plants growing under background climatic conditions took between 2 and 4 years to become established, attained the capacity to reproduce sexually at between 10 and 12 years, were in a sexually reproductive stage for between 17 and 28 years and lived an average maximum of 33–40 years. Under background climatic conditions between 70 and 80% of plants that entered the juvenile stage survived to sexual maturity while under severe drought this proportion fell to between 40 and 60%. Juvenile plants, particularly of E. sturtii, experienced the highest mortality under background conditions while, when exposed to severe drought, older plants, particularly D. viscosa subsp. angustissima in the intermediate stage, experienced the greatest increase in mortality, dying at more than twice the background rate. The high survival rates of E. sturtii and D. viscosa subsp. angustissima shown here, even under extreme drought conditions and in grazed- and ungrazed areas, help to explain why these shrub species have been observed to dominate vegetation in large areas of eastern Australia.

Life history traits of Aedes caspius (Diptera: Culicidae): a laboratory study of larval stages

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Carron ◽  
L. Bichaud ◽  
N. Platz ◽  
D.J. Bicout
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Larval Density ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Larval Survival ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Aedes Caspius ◽  
Development Times ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractThe larval survival and development times of Aedes caspius (Diptera: Culicidae) were examined in the laboratory. These life history traits were estimated using life tables constructed for two populations, one of which had been subjected to a long-term larvicide control program. Traits were evaluated for eight different population densities. The effects of population, larval stage and larval density were investigated using a general linear model. Density was positively correlated with larval survival but did not affect development time. The fourth instar and pupae had the lowest larval survival rates. First and fourth instar larvae had the longest development times. These traits were not significantly different between the two populations. The effect of larvicide control on these traits is discussed.

Life history trait differences between a lake and a stream-dwelling population of the Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper)

2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neus Oromi ◽  
Fèlix Amat ◽  
Delfi Sanuy ◽  
Salvador Carranza
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Dna Variation ◽  
Juvenile Dispersal ◽  
Fast Running ◽  
High Altitude Lake

The Pyrenean brook newt (Calotriton asper) is a salamandrid that mostly lives in fast running and cold mountain-streams, although some populations are also found in lakes. In the present work, we report in detail on the occurrence of facultative paedomorphosis traits in a population from a Pyrenean high altitude lake. We compare its morphology, life history traits and mitochondrial DNA variation with a nearby lotic metamorphic population. Our results indicate that the lacustrine newts are smaller and present a less developed sexual dimorphism, smooth skin, and that 53% of the adults retain gills at different degrees of development, but not gill slits. Although both populations and sexes have the same age at sexual maturity (four years), the lacustrine population presents higher longevity (12 and 9 years for males and females, respectively) than the one living in the stream (8 and 9 years). The variation on the climatic conditions at altitudinal scale is probably the main cause of the differences in life history traits found between the two populations. The food availability, which could to be limiting in the lacustrine population, is another factor that can potentially affect body size. These results are congruent with the significant mitochondrial DNA genetic isolation between populations, probably a consequence of the lack of juvenile dispersal. We found low cytochrome b variability and significant genetic structuring in the lake population that is very remarkably considering the short distance to the nearby stream population and the whole species’ pattern. We suggest that a bottleneck effect and/or phenotypic plasticity may have resulted in the appearance of a paedomorphic morph in the lake.

Using comparative genomics to develop a molecular diagnostic for the identification of an emerging pest Drosophila suzukii

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.A. Murphy ◽  
T.R. Unruh ◽  
L.M. Zhou ◽  
F.G. Zalom ◽  
P.W. Shearer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Molecular Diagnostic ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Drosophila Suzukii ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Bioinformatic Approach

AbstractDrosophila suzukii (Spotted Wing Drosophila) has recently become a serious invasive pest of fruit crops in the USA, Canada, and Europe, leading to substantial economic losses. D. suzukii is a direct pest, ovipositing directly into ripe or ripening fruits; in contrast, other Drosophilids utilize decaying or blemished fruits and are nuisance pests at worst. Immature stages of D. suzukii are difficult to differentiate from other Drosophilids, posing problems for research and for meeting quarantine restrictions designed to prevent the spread of this pest in fruit exports. Here we used a combined phylogenetic and bioinformatic approach to discover genetic markers suitable for a species diagnostic protocol of this agricultural pest. We describe a molecular diagnostic for rapid identification of single D. suzukii larva using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Our molecular diagnostic was validated using nine different species of Drosophila for specificity and 19 populations of D. suzukii from different geographical regions to ensure utility within species.

Life History Traits and Damage Potential of an Invasive Pest Acharia fusca (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) on Oil Palm

2014 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 1086-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Martínez ◽  
A. Plata-Rueda ◽  
J. E. Serrao ◽  
J. C. Zanuncio
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Damage Potential

scholarly journals Life history traits and reproductive ecology of North American chorus frogs of the genus Pseudacris (Hylidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Ethier ◽  
Aurore Fayard ◽  
Peter Soroye ◽  
Daeun Choi ◽  
Marc J. Mazerolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
North America ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Reproductive Ecology ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Chorus Frogs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Chorus Frog

AbstractAmphibian biodiversity is declining globally, with over 40% of species being considered threatened to become extinct. Crucial to the success of conservation initiatives are a comprehensive understanding of life history and reproductive ecology of target species. Here we provide an overview of the Pseudacris genus, including breeding behaviour, reproduction, development, survival and longevity. We present an updated distribution map of the 18 species found throughout North America. We also summarize the conservation status at the national and subnational (state, provincial, and territorial) levels, in Canada, USA, and Mexico, to evaluate the relationship between life history traits and extinction risk. Results show a high degree of consistency in the life history traits of Pseudacris species considering their relative diversity and wide distribution in North America. However, data are lacking for several species, particularly in the Fat Frog and West Coast clades, causing some uncertainties and discrepancies in the literature. We also found that the most threatened populations of chorus frog were located in the east coast of the USA, potentially as a result of increased levels of anthropogenic disturbance. We suggest that the similarities in life history traits among chorus frog species provides an opportunity for collaboration and united efforts for the conservation of the genus.

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